Godina is the standard Serbian word for 'year', used for age, dates, and durations.
واژه در 30 ثانیه
- Primary unit of time (365 days) in Serbian.
- Essential for expressing age and asking 'How old?'.
- Requires different grammatical cases depending on the number used.
Overview
Reč 'godina' je jedna od najosnovnijih imenica u srpskom jeziku i predstavlja temeljnu jedinicu za merenje vremena. Gramatički je ženskog roda i pripada prvoj deklinaciji imenica (na -a). 2) Usage Patterns: Najvažniji aspekt korišćenja ove reči je njena promena u zavisnosti od broja koji joj prethodi. Uz broj 1 koristi se nominativ jednine ('jedna godina'), uz brojeve 2, 3 i 4 koristi se genitiv jednine ('dve godine'), dok se uz brojeve 5 i više koristi genitiv množine ('pet godina'). 3) Common Contexts: Svakodnevno se koristi u pitanjima o starosti ('Koliko imaš godina?'), pri čestitanju praznika ('Srećna Nova godina!') ili u akademskom i poslovnom okruženju ('školska godina', 'fiskalna godina'). 4) Similar Words comparison: Iako se reč 'leto' primarno odnosi na godišnje doba, u staroslovenskom i narodnom jeziku se koristila kao sinonim za godinu (npr. 'mnogaja ljeta'). Danas se 'leto' u tom smislu koristi samo u arhaičnim ili poetskim izrazima, dok je 'godina' standardni termin.
مثالها
Srećna Nova godina svima!
everydayHappy New Year to everyone!
Ova školska godina počinje u septembru.
formalThis school year begins in September.
Koliko imaš godina?
informalHow old are you?
Prošla godina je bila veoma izazovna za ekonomiju.
academicThe past year was very challenging for the economy.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
Godinama već
For years already
Iz godine u godinu
From year to year
Srećna slava i mnogo godina!
Happy Slava and many years (to come)!
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Leto' primarily means 'summer', while 'godina' is the calendar year. 'Leto' is used for years only in old songs or very formal religious blessings.
'Godište' refers to the specific year someone was born (e.g., '1990'), whereas 'godina' refers to age or duration.
الگوهای دستوری
How to Use It
نکات کاربردی
The word 'godina' is neutral and used across all registers. In formal documents, it is often abbreviated as 'god.' or simply 'g.'. When writing centuries, Serbians use Roman numerals followed by the word 'vek' (century), but 'godina' is used for specific dates.
اشتباهات رایج
The most frequent error is using the wrong case after numbers. English speakers often want to use one plural form for all numbers, but Serbian requires 'godine' for 2-4 and 'godina' for 5-20. Another mistake is forgetting that 'Nova godina' is a proper noun phrase only for the holiday itself.
Tips
Master the '2, 3, 4' rule
Always remember that after numbers 2, 3, and 4, you must use the form 'godine'. This is a common hurdle for beginners.
Watch out for the number 11
Unlike 21 or 31, the number 11 (jedanaest) is followed by the genitive plural 'godina', not the singular form.
Slava and the Year
In Serbia, many families measure the passage of time by their 'Slava' (patron saint day), which occurs once every year.
ریشه کلمه
Derived from the Proto-Slavic *godъ, which originally meant 'a fitting time', 'season', or 'holiday'. Over time, it specialized to mean the full calendar cycle.
بافت فرهنگی
In Serbia, the 'Slava' and 'Božić' (Christmas) are the most important annual markers. The Julian calendar is still used by the Serbian Orthodox Church, so some 'years' or religious cycles start later than the Gregorian ones.
راهنمای حفظ
Think of the word 'Go-Dina'. Time is 'Going' through a 'Day-In-A' year. Also, 'God' in Serbian means 'fitting time' in its ancient root.
سوالات متداول
4 سوالSamo se prva reč piše velikim slovom ('Nova godina') ako se misli na praznik 1. januara. Ako pišete 'nova godina' malim slovima, mislite na celu predstojeću godinu.
Posle broja 21 (i svih brojeva koji se završavaju na 1, osim 11), koristi se nominativ jednine: 'dvadeset jedna godina'.
Ovaj izraz se obično koristi da opiše osobu koja je starija ili u poodmaklom životnom dobu.
'Godina' označava trajanje ili period, dok 'godište' označava konkretnu godinu rođenja ili proizvodnje (npr. 'Ja sam 1995. godište').
خودت رو بسنج
Moja sestra ima tri ___.
Uz brojeve 2, 3 i 4 uvek ide genitiv jednine, koji za reč 'godina' glasi 'godine'.
Kako se čestita 1. januar?
Standardna čestitka u srpskom jeziku je 'Srećna Nova godina!'.
ima / On / deset / godina / .
Standardni redosled reči je subjekat + predikat + broj + imenica.
امتیاز: /3
Summary
Godina is the standard Serbian word for 'year', used for age, dates, and durations.
- Primary unit of time (365 days) in Serbian.
- Essential for expressing age and asking 'How old?'.
- Requires different grammatical cases depending on the number used.
Master the '2, 3, 4' rule
Always remember that after numbers 2, 3, and 4, you must use the form 'godine'. This is a common hurdle for beginners.
Watch out for the number 11
Unlike 21 or 31, the number 11 (jedanaest) is followed by the genitive plural 'godina', not the singular form.
Slava and the Year
In Serbia, many families measure the passage of time by their 'Slava' (patron saint day), which occurs once every year.
مثالها
4 از 4Srećna Nova godina svima!
Happy New Year to everyone!
Ova školska godina počinje u septembru.
This school year begins in September.
Koliko imaš godina?
How old are you?
Prošla godina je bila veoma izazovna za ekonomiju.
The past year was very challenging for the economy.
