严打 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A formal term for a government-led crackdown on crime.
- Derived from 'strictly strike,' it implies severe and swift punishment.
- Often seen in news and on public safety banners in China.
- Used for serious offenses like fraud, drugs, and organized crime.
The Chinese term 严打 (yándǎ) is a powerful portmanteau derived from 严厉打击 (yánlì dǎjī), which literally translates to "strictly strike" or "severely hit." In a sociopolitical and legal context, it refers to a concentrated, high-intensity campaign by law enforcement and the judiciary to suppress specific types of criminal activity. While it functions as a verb meaning "to crack down on," it is frequently used as a noun to describe the "Strike Hard" campaigns that have been a feature of the Chinese legal landscape since the early 1980s. When you hear this word, it implies a departure from routine policing toward a more aggressive, expedited, and severe approach to punishment intended to restore social order or address a sudden spike in specific crimes.
- Core Concept
- A state-led initiative involving rapid arrests and heavy sentencing to deter criminal behavior through fear and efficiency.
- Tone
- Highly formal, authoritative, and often associated with government proclamations or news reporting on public safety.
政府宣布将对电信诈骗进行严打。(The government announced it will carry out a crack down on telecommunications fraud.)
The term is rarely used in casual, interpersonal conflicts. You wouldn't use 严打 to describe a teacher being strict with a student or a parent punishing a child. It is strictly reserved for institutional actions against illegal activities such as drug trafficking, organized crime, corruption, or intellectual property theft. Historically, 严打 campaigns were characterized by the principle of "severity and swiftness" (从重从快), aiming to process cases quickly and hand out maximum penalties to serve as a public warning. In modern usage, while the legal system has become more standardized, the term still surfaces whenever the authorities want to signal a zero-tolerance policy toward a specific societal ill.
在严打期间，社会治安得到了显著改善。(During the crackdown period, social security saw significant improvement.)
For a B2 learner, understanding 严打 is essential for reading news or watching documentaries about Chinese society. It reflects a specific administrative logic: that certain problems require a concentrated burst of state power rather than just steady, incremental management. You might also encounter it in historical discussions about the 1983, 1996, or 2001 campaigns, which significantly shaped the modern Chinese legal consciousness. Today, it is frequently applied to digital spaces, such as '严打网络谣言' (cracking down on internet rumors).
- Grammatical Note
- It can function as a verb (严打犯罪) or as a noun phrase (开展严打). When used as an adjective-like modifier, it often precedes '行动' (action) or '斗争' (struggle).
Using 严打 correctly requires understanding its collocations. Because it is a strong, decisive word, it usually takes a direct object that represents a criminal category or a social vice. You don't just 'crack down' in a vacuum; you crack down *on* something. The structure is typically [Subject] + 严打 + [Target]. For example, '警方严打酒驾' (The police are cracking down on drunk driving). It can also be used as a modifier: '严打政策' (Crackdown policy).
为了保护知识产权，国家正在严打盗版书籍。(To protect intellectual property, the country is cracking down on pirated books.)
In formal writing, 严打 is often paired with verbs like '开展' (to carry out) or '部署' (to deploy/plan). For example, '各地政府积极开展严打整治行动' (Local governments are actively carrying out crackdown and rectification actions). Here, 严打 acts as a descriptor for the type of action being taken. It signifies that the action is not just routine but is 'strict' and 'striking' in nature. It is also common to see it in the passive voice or as a result, though less frequent than the active voice. For instance, '这些违法行为将受到严打' (These illegal acts will be strictly cracked down upon).
- Common Objects
- 犯罪 (Crime), 走私 (Smuggling), 贪污 (Corruption), 毒品 (Drugs), 虚假广告 (False advertising).
这次严打取得了阶段性的胜利。(This crackdown has achieved a phased victory.)
When constructing sentences for B2 level proficiency, try to integrate 严打 into broader social discussions. Instead of just saying 'Police catch thieves,' use '警方正在严打入室盗窃犯罪，以维护社区安全' (The police are cracking down on burglary to maintain community safety). This demonstrates an understanding of the word's formal register and its role in public policy discourse. It’s also worth noting that while 严打 is an adjective/verb, it carries a heavy historical weight, so using it conveys a sense of urgency and high-level official priority.
The most common place to encounter 严打 is in the Chinese media—specifically CCTV News (新闻联播), official newspapers like the People's Daily, and government websites. It is the language of the state communicating its resolve to the public. If a new regulation is passed regarding environmental protection, the news might report: '环保部将严打违规排污行为' (The Ministry of Environmental Protection will crack down on illegal sewage discharge). It serves as a linguistic signal that the 'grace period' for a certain violation is over and enforcement has entered a rigorous phase.
新闻报道：警方在全市范围内开展严打黑恶势力的专项行动。(News report: The police launched a special operation city-wide to crack down on organized crime.)
Beyond the news, you will see 严打 on public service banners (标语) in residential neighborhoods or along highways. These banners are often red with white or yellow characters, designed to be highly visible and serve as a deterrent. A banner might read: '严打电信诈骗，构建平安社区' (Crack down on telecom fraud, build a peaceful community). In these contexts, the word is used to mobilize the public and warn potential offenders of the increased risk of being caught and the severity of the consequences.
In administrative or business settings, 严打 might be used in internal memos regarding compliance. A large corporation might declare a '严打内部腐败' (crackdown on internal corruption) phase. While the word originated in the legal sphere, its effectiveness as a signifier of 'uncompromising enforcement' has allowed it to migrate into various institutional vocabularies. However, it always retains its top-down, authoritative flavor. You won't hear a group of friends say they are going to '严打' someone for being late to dinner; that would be a humorous or overly dramatic misuse of the term.
- Media Usage
- Headlines, police briefings, legal documentaries, and social awareness campaigns.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 严打 is misapplying its register. Because English speakers often use 'crack down' in various contexts—like a school cracking down on dress code or a boss cracking down on long lunches—they might be tempted to use 严打 for these minor, non-legal situations. In Chinese, 严打 is too 'heavy' for these scenarios. For a school setting, 严厉要求 (yánlì yāoqiú) or 整治 (zhěngzhì) would be more appropriate. 严打 implies the involvement of the law or high-level disciplinary measures.
Mistake: 老师在严打迟到的学生。(The teacher is 'cracking down' on late students - Too strong!)
Another common error is confusing 严打 with 打架 (dǎjià) or 殴打 (ōudǎ) simply because they all share the character '打' (hit). While 严打 does involve a 'strike,' it is a metaphorical and systemic strike, not a physical fight. 严打 is a policy action, whereas 打架 is a physical altercation between individuals. Using 严打 to describe a physical fight would be nonsensical to a native speaker.
Finally, learners sometimes forget that 严打 is a transitive action or a specific noun. They might say '政府很严打' (The government is very crack-down), treating it like a simple adjective. Instead, it should be '政府的严打行动很有效' (The government's crackdown action is very effective) or '政府严打犯罪' (The government cracks down on crime). It describes an action or a specific campaign, not a general personality trait of an entity. It's about the *what* and the *how* of enforcement, not just the *strictness* in a vacuum.
- Watch Out For
- Using it for minor infractions, confusing it with physical hitting, and using it as a stative adjective without an object or a noun it modifies.
To truly master 严打, you must distinguish it from its synonyms. The most common alternative is 打击 (dǎjià). While 严打 is a 'strict strike,' 打击 is a general 'strike' or 'hit.' You can '打击犯罪' (strike crime) as a part of routine work, but 严打 implies an escalated, temporary, and more intense phase of that work. Think of 严打 as '打击' on steroids.
- 严打 vs. 打击
- 严打 is a campaign-style, high-intensity crackdown; 打击 is the general act of combatting or striking against something.
- 严打 vs. 整治
- 整治 (zhěngzhì) means 'to rectify' or 'to fix up.' It is often used for social issues like traffic congestion or messy markets. It is less about 'punishment' and more about 'ordering' and 'improving.'
- 严打 vs. 惩治
- 惩治 (chéngzhì) focuses on 'punishing and curing.' It is used primarily for corruption (惩治腐败). It has a more judicial and moralistic tone compared to the action-oriented 严打.
对比：我们可以说“打击盗版”，但如果政府发起了一个全国性的运动，我们就会说“严打盗版”。(Comparison: We can say 'strike piracy,' but if the government launches a national movement, we say 'crack down on piracy.')
Another word to consider is 取缔 (qǔdì), which means 'to ban' or 'to shut down' an illegal organization or business. While 严打 is the *action* of cracking down, 取缔 is the *result*—the actual closing of the shop or the group. For example, '严打非法传销并取缔相关组织' (Strictly crack down on illegal pyramid schemes and ban the relevant organizations). Understanding these nuances allows you to describe the legal process with more precision, moving from the general intent (打击) to the specific campaign (严打) and finally to the administrative result (取缔).
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The first official '严打' campaign was launched in 1983 by Deng Xiaoping to address a perceived breakdown in social order following the Cultural Revolution.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'yan' like 'yawn'. It should be like 'yen'.
- Missing the third tone on 'da', making it sound like 'big' (dà).
- Confusing the 'd' sound with 't'.
- Merging the two syllables into one sound.
- Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
سطح دشواری
Easy to recognize in headlines due to simple characters.
Requires knowledge of formal collocations to use naturally.
Tone and context are important to avoid sounding overly dramatic.
Common in news broadcasts.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Contractions (缩略语)
严厉 + 打击 = 严打
Transitive Verbs with Abstract Objects
严打 + 腐败 (Corruption)
Prepositional Phrases with '对'
对...进行严打
Nominalization
这次严打 (This crackdown)
Time Phrases with '期间'
严打期间 (During the crackdown)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
警察在严打。
The police are cracking down.
Simple subject + verb.
这里在严打犯罪。
They are cracking down on crime here.
Locative + 严打 + Object.
严打是很严的。
The crackdown is very strict.
Using 严打 as a noun.
我们要严打小偷。
We must crack down on thieves.
Modal verb '要' + 严打.
政府严打毒品。
The government cracks down on drugs.
Formal subject.
严打期间，很安全。
During the crackdown, it is very safe.
严打 + 期间 (period).
他在看严打的新闻。
He is watching news about the crackdown.
Action in progress.
警察严打坏人。
Police crack down on bad people.
Simple SVO structure.
警方决定严打酒后驾驶。
The police decided to crack down on drunk driving.
决定 (decide) + 严打.
这个城市正在严打赌博。
This city is currently cracking down on gambling.
正在 (in the middle of) + 严打.
严打行动已经开始了。
The crackdown action has already started.
严打 + 行动 (action).
报纸上写着要严打诈骗。
The newspaper says they will crack down on fraud.
Prepositional phrase '报纸上'.
严打让坏人感到害怕。
The crackdown makes bad people feel afraid.
Cause and effect.
他支持政府的严打政策。
He supports the government's crackdown policy.
Support + Noun phrase.
严打期间，警察增加了。
During the crackdown, the number of police increased.
Time phrase + Subject + Verb.
严打是为了保护大家。
The crackdown is to protect everyone.
Purpose clause with 是为了.
海关正在严打走私奢侈品的行为。
Customs is cracking down on the smuggling of luxury goods.
Specific target '走私行为'.
政府必须严打腐败以赢回民心。
The government must crack down on corruption to win back the people's hearts.
严打 + 腐败 (corruption).
这次严打行动将持续三个月。
This crackdown operation will last for three months.
Duration with 持续.
严打是维护社会治安的重要手段。
A crackdown is an important means of maintaining social security.
Subject + 是 + Noun phrase.
警方通过严打行动抓获了许多罪犯。
The police captured many criminals through the crackdown action.
Instrumental phrase '通过...行动'.
法律专家讨论了严打的效果。
Legal experts discussed the effects of the crackdown.
Noun '效果' (effect).
严打期间，犯罪率大幅下降。
During the crackdown, the crime rate dropped significantly.
Subject '犯罪率'.
我们应该严打侵犯版权的行为。
We should crack down on acts of copyright infringement.
Targeting specific behavior '行为'.
有关部门将严打网络谣言和虚假信息。
Relevant departments will crack down on internet rumors and false information.
Formal subject '有关部门'.
严打斗争取得了显著成效。
The crackdown struggle has achieved significant results.
严打 + 斗争 (struggle).
国家正在部署严打地下钱庄的专项行动。
The state is deploying a special operation to crack down on underground banks.
专项行动 (special operation).
严打政策在一定程度上震慑了犯罪分子。
The crackdown policy has deterred criminals to a certain extent.
震慑 (deter/awe).
公众普遍支持对暴力犯罪的严打。
The public generally supports the crackdown on violent crime.
Modifier '对...的'.
严打不仅仅是惩罚，更是为了预防。
A crackdown is not just about punishment, but also about prevention.
不仅...更是... (not only... but also...).
这次严打揭露了许多隐藏的社会问题。
This crackdown revealed many hidden social problems.
揭露 (reveal/expose).
虽然严打有效，但不能代替长效机制。
Although a crackdown is effective, it cannot replace long-term mechanisms.
Concessive clause with 虽然.
严打政策的合法性在法学界引起了广泛讨论。
The legitimacy of the crackdown policy has sparked widespread discussion in legal circles.
Abstract noun '合法性'.
在严打背景下，司法机关更应注意程序正义。
Under the background of a crackdown, judicial organs should pay more attention to procedural justice.
Condition '在...背景下'.
严打往往伴随着大规模的社会动员。
Crackdowns are often accompanied by large-scale social mobilization.
伴随着 (accompanied by).
政府通过严打来彰显其治理犯罪的决心。
The government uses crackdowns to demonstrate its determination to manage crime.
彰显 (to manifest/show clearly).
严打行动必须在宪法和法律的框架内进行。
Crackdown actions must be carried out within the framework of the constitution and laws.
Framework '框架内'.
一些学者认为，严打可能会产生‘运动式执法’的负面影响。
Some scholars believe that crackdowns may produce negative effects of 'campaign-style law enforcement'.
运动式执法 (campaign-style enforcement).
严打刑事犯罪是当前维护社会稳定的重中之重。
Cracking down on criminal offenses is the top priority for maintaining social stability at present.
Idiom '重中之重'.
严打对改善营商环境起到了积极的推动作用。
The crackdown played a positive role in pushing for the improvement of the business environment.
推动作用 (driving role).
严打作为一种刑事政策，深刻反映了转型期中国的社会矛盾。
As a criminal policy, 'Strike Hard' deeply reflects the social contradictions of China in transition.
Reflective '反映了'.
对严打的评价需要从历史维度和社会效果两个方面进行考量。
Evaluation of crackdowns needs to be considered from the two aspects of historical dimension and social effect.
考量 (consider/evaluate).
严打在不同历史时期的侧重点各不相同。
The focus of crackdowns has varied across different historical periods.
侧重点 (focus/emphasis).
‘严打’一词在当代中国政治话语中具有独特的符号意义。
The term 'Yanda' has a unique symbolic meaning in contemporary Chinese political discourse.
符号意义 (symbolic meaning).
法治化的进程要求严打必须逐步转向常态化的法治治理。
The process of the rule of law requires that crackdowns must gradually shift toward normalized legal governance.
转向 (turn toward).
严打期间形成的‘从重从快’原则在现代法治语境下受到了审视。
The principle of 'severity and swiftness' formed during the crackdown period has come under scrutiny in the context of the modern rule of law.
语境下 (within the context of).
严打的实施往往依赖于行政权力与司法权力的紧密配合。
The implementation of a crackdown often relies on the close cooperation between administrative and judicial powers.
依赖于 (rely on).
探讨严打的成因，离不开对当时社会治安形势的深入剖析。
Discussing the causes of crackdowns is inseparable from an in-depth analysis of the social security situation at the time.
离不开 (cannot do without).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— During the crackdown period.
严打期间社会非常安定。
— Specialized crackdown for a specific crime.
政府启动了专项严打行动。
— High-pressure, intense crackdown.
保持高压严打态势。
— To carry out or launch a crackdown.
全国范围内开展严打。
— The policy or guideline of the crackdown.
坚持严打方针不动摇。
— The results/achievements of the crackdown.
展示严打成果。
— Crack down on gangs and organized crime.
严打黑恶势力是民心所向。
— Crack down on cybercrime.
警方正在严打网络犯罪。
— Crack down on infringement (IP).
严打侵权盗版行为。
— Crack down on illegal fundraising.
严打非法集资，保护财产安全。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
打击 is general; 严打 is a specific, high-intensity campaign.
打架 is a physical fight between people; 严打 is a legal policy.
处罚 is a simple penalty; 严打 is a broad systemic action.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To handle cases severely and swiftly; the guiding principle of 严打.
对严重犯罪分子要从重从快惩处。
Legal/Formal— To execute one to warn a hundred; a deterrent philosophy related to crackdowns.
这次严打起到了杀一儆百的作用。
Literary/Formal— With the power of a thunderbolt; describing the forceful nature of a crackdown.
严打行动以雷霆万钧之势展开。
Literary— Like the wind sweeping away the clouds; describing a thorough crackdown.
严打行动如风卷残云般清除了黑恶势力。
Literary— The net of justice is vast and nothing escapes; often used in crackdown news.
法网恢恢，疏而不漏。
Proverb— On a grand scale; with much fanfare.
大张旗鼓地开展严打行动。
Idiomatic— Evil must be completely eradicated.
严打黑势力，必须除恶务尽。
Formal— Iron-fisted methods.
政府采取铁腕手段严打毒品。
Formal— Zero tolerance.
对酒驾采取零容忍和严打政策。
Modern Formal— To strike with a heavy fist; a metaphor for a strong crackdown.
警方重拳出击，严打赌博。
Journalisticبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve negative consequences.
惩罚 is general punishment (like for a child); 严打 is a state crackdown on crime.
妈妈惩罚我，但警察严打毒品。
Both involve 'striking'.
攻击 is to attack (military or verbal); 严打 is to enforce law strictly.
他在网上攻击我，但政府严打网络暴力。
Both involve fixing social problems.
整治 is about 'tidying up' or 'rectifying' (less severe); 严打 is about 'striking' and 'punishing' (more severe).
整治交通，严打抢劫。
Both involve stopping illegal things.
取缔 is the administrative act of banning/closing; 严打 is the campaign of striking.
通过严打，取缔了非法工厂。
Both involve legal force.
制裁 usually refers to sanctions or specific legal penalties; 严打 is the broader movement.
国际制裁 vs 国内严打。
الگوهای جملهسازی
政府要严打[名词]。
政府要严打小偷。
警方正在[地方]开展严打行动。
警方正在全市开展严打行动。
严打[名词]是为了保护[人]。
严打诈骗是为了保护老百姓。
对[名词]的严打已经取得了成效。
对毒品犯罪的严打已经取得了成效。
必须保持严打的高压态势。
必须保持严打的高压态势。
在严打背景下，[句子]。
在严打背景下，法律的公正性尤为重要。
[名词]是严打的重点对象。
黑恶势力是严打的重点对象。
严打体现了[抽象名词]的治理逻辑。
严打体现了运动式治理的治理逻辑。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in media and official documents; rare in casual speech.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Yan' as a 'Strict' (严) judge and 'Da' as 'Hitting' (打) the gavel. A strict hit means a crackdown.
تداعی تصویری
A large red banner over a city street with the characters 严打, signifying a change in the atmosphere to one of high security.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to find one news headline from a Chinese news site like Xinhua that contains the word 严打 and identify what they are cracking down on.
ریشه کلمه
The term is a modern Chinese contraction (缩略语) that emerged during the post-Mao era. It combines '严厉' (yánlì - severe/strict) and '打击' (dǎjī - strike/hit).
معنای اصلی: Strictly striking at criminal activities.
Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic).بافت فرهنگی
The term can be politically sensitive in discussions regarding human rights or the legal system's independence.
English speakers might find the concept of 'campaign-style' justice unusual, as Western systems often emphasize consistent proceduralism over temporary spikes in enforcement.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Law Enforcement
- 严打犯罪
- 严打行动
- 严打整治
- 保持高压
Internet Regulation
- 严打谣言
- 严打侵权
- 严打色情
- 清理行动
Corporate Compliance
- 严打贪污
- 内部严打
- 违规查处
- 零容忍
Public Safety
- 严打酒驾
- 严打赌博
- 社会治安
- 平安建设
History/Politics
- 严打斗争
- 历史背景
- 政策演变
- 法治进程
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你对最近的新闻里提到的严打行动怎么看？"
"你觉得严打真的能从根本上解决犯罪问题吗？"
"在你所在的国家，政府会经常进行类似的严打吗？"
"严打期间，你有没有感觉到生活环境变得更安全了？"
"如果我们要严打网络暴力，你认为最有效的手段是什么？"
موضوعات نگارش
描述一次你在新闻中看到的严打行动，并分析其社会影响。
讨论严打（Crackdown）与长期法治建设（Rule of Law）之间的关系。
如果你是一名政策制定者，你会选择在什么样的情况下发起严打？
反思严打带来的威慑作用是否真的能持久。
写一段关于严打网络谣言的短文，表达你的支持或担忧。
سوالات متداول
5 سوالIt can be both. As a verb, it means 'to crack down on' (严打犯罪). As a noun, it refers to the 'crackdown' itself (开展严打).
Usually no. It sounds too severe. Use '严格管理' (strict management) instead. 严打 is for crimes.
It started in 1983 under Deng Xiaoping to combat a rise in crime during the early Reform and Opening-up period.
In 99% of cases, yes. It is fundamentally a law enforcement and judicial term.
In official media, it is positive (protecting people). In academic or critical contexts, it can be debated (due t
Summary
严打 (yándǎ) is a high-register term meaning 'to crack down on.' It is used by authorities to signal a period of zero tolerance and intense enforcement against specific social or criminal issues, such as 严打网络诈骗 (cracking down on internet fraud).
- A formal term for a government-led crackdown on crime.
- Derived from 'strictly strike,' it implies severe and swift punishment.
- Often seen in news and on public safety banners in China.
- Used for serious offenses like fraud, drugs, and organized crime.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر general
一下儿
A1به معنای 'کمی' یا 'یک لحظه' است که بعد از فعل برای مودبانهتر کردن جمله میآید.
点儿
A1کمی یا مقدار کمی. بعد از فعل برای بیان 'مقداری' و بعد از صفت برای مقایسه استفاده میشود.
有点儿
A1کمی (با بار معنایی منفی)
一下
A2کمی؛ یک لحظه (بعد از فعل برای ملایم کردن لحن استفاده میشود).
一点儿
A1یک کمی؛ مقدار کمی.
一会儿
A1یک لحظه، مدتی کوتاه.
一部分
B1بخشی از؛ قسمتی از؛ اقلیتی از.
异样
B1چیزی غیرمعمول یا متفاوت از حالت عادی.
关于
A1حرف اضافهای به معنای 'درباره' یا 'در مورد'. برای معرفی یک موضوع یا تعیین محتوای یک کتاب یا گفتگو استفاده میشود.
快要
A2قطار در شرف رسیدن به ایستگاه است. الان باران میگیرد، چتر ببر.
