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B2 verb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

开导

kāidǎo

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 开导 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 开导 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '开导' (kāidǎo) yourself, but it's helpful to understand it as a way people help each other. Think of it as 'talking to someone to make them feel better.' At this early stage, you usually learn words like '说话' (shuōhuà - to speak) or '好' (hǎo - good). '开导' is like a very special kind of '说话' where the goal is to make a sad person feel '好'. Imagine your friend is crying because they lost their toy. You go to them and say kind words. In Chinese, an adult might say you are '开导' your friend. It is a 'helping' word. You can remember it as 'opening' (开) a person's heart like opening a door to let the sunshine in. Even though it's a big word, the feeling behind it is very simple: being a good friend and helping someone stop being sad by talking to them. You might see it in very simple stories where a mom talks to a sad child.

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By A2, you are starting to learn more about feelings and social actions. '开导' (kāidǎo) is a verb that describes a specific social action: counseling or giving helpful advice to someone who is troubled. While you might use '告诉' (gàosu - to tell) for general information, '开导' is used when the information is meant to change someone's mood or mind. For example, if your classmate is worried about an exam, and you tell them 'Don't worry, you studied hard, you will be fine,' you are performing a simple act of '开导.' In A2 Chinese, you can think of it as '劝' (quàn - to persuade/advise) but with more heart. It's often used with people you care about. When you see this word, look for a person who is sad or stuck, and another person who is speaking to them. The person speaking is the one who '开导' the other. It's a very positive word that shows kindness and wisdom in Chinese society.

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At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize the specific nuance of '开导' (kāidǎo) compared to other 'talking' verbs. It is not just giving advice; it is the process of 'enlightening' someone. This word is very common when discussing personal problems or '心事' (xīnshì - things on one's mind). At this level, you can start using it in sentences like '他心情不好，我去开导他' (He's in a bad mood, I'll go counsel him). You should notice that '开导' involves a change in the other person's perspective. It's about 'opening' (开) their thoughts so they can be 'guided' (导) to a better place. You will see it used in newspapers or blogs about mental health and family relationships. It's an important word for describing how people support each other emotionally. You should also be able to recognize it in the resultative form, like '开导通了' (successfully got through to someone), which shows the counseling worked and the person now understands or feels better.

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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should be able to use '开导' (kāidǎo) accurately in various contexts and understand its deeper cultural implications. '开导' is a key vocabulary item for discussing psychological health, conflict resolution, and interpersonal support. You should understand that it implies a certain level of depth and patience. It is not a quick fix but a meaningful conversation. You should be able to distinguish it from '劝告' (quàngào - to warn/advise) and '启发' (qǐfā - to inspire). At B2, you should also be comfortable using it in formal writing and more complex sentence structures, such as '在...的耐心开导下' (Under the patient counseling of...). You should also understand its use in professional contexts, like '心理开导' (psychological counseling). This word reflects the Chinese value of 'harmony' and the role of verbal guidance in maintaining it. You should be able to discuss how '开导' can help someone '走出阴影' (walk out of the shadows) or '释怀' (release their burdens).

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of '开导' (kāidǎo) and be able to use it to describe complex psychological processes. You can use it to discuss philosophical or literary themes where one character 'enlightens' another about the nature of life or suffering. You should be familiar with its more formal synonyms like '疏导' (shūdǎo) and understand the subtle differences in register and application. For example, '疏导' might be used for managing the emotions of a large group after a disaster, whereas '开导' remains more personal and intimate. You should also be able to use '开导' in abstract ways, such as '开导思想' (enlightening thoughts/ideology). At this level, you should be able to analyze the effectiveness of '开导' in a text, noting the rhetorical strategies used by the person doing the counseling. You will encounter this word in high-level literature, academic papers on sociology or psychology, and sophisticated editorial pieces discussing social trends and mental well-being in modern China.

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At the C2 level, '开导' (kāidǎo) is a word you use with absolute precision, often in the context of deep psychological analysis, philosophical discourse, or high-level diplomacy and mediation. You understand it not just as a verb, but as a concept of 'mental dredging' that is central to Chinese interpersonal ethics. You can use it to describe the subtle art of guiding someone's psyche without being overbearing, a skill often attributed to the 'wise elder' archetype in Chinese culture. You might use it in a C2-level essay to discuss the evolution of 'psychological opening' from traditional familial roles to modern professional therapy. You are also aware of its historical roots and how the meaning has shifted from physical dredging of waterways to the metaphorical dredging of the human mind. In a professional setting, you might use it to describe the delicate process of 'opening up' a stubborn negotiator's perspective to reach a compromise. Your usage of '开导' at this level demonstrates not just linguistic fluency, but a profound understanding of the psychological and cultural fabric of the Chinese-speaking world.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

开导 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A verb meaning to counsel or enlighten someone who is emotionally stuck or confused.
Combines 'open' (开) and 'guide' (导) to describe mental and emotional unblocking.
Used primarily for people, focusing on changing their mindset rather than just their actions.
Essential for discussing mental health, family advice, and deep interpersonal support in Chinese.

The Chinese verb 开导 (kāidǎo) is a sophisticated and culturally rich term that translates to 'enlighten,' 'counsel,' or 'advise.' At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 开 (kāi), meaning to open, and 导 (dǎo), meaning to lead or guide. Together, they describe the act of opening someone's mind and guiding them out of a state of confusion, sadness, or stubbornness. This isn't just giving a simple piece of advice; it's a transformative process where one person helps another see a situation from a new, more positive, or more rational perspective. It is most frequently used when someone is 'stuck' emotionally or mentally—perhaps they are grieving, angry, or unable to make a difficult decision. In Chinese culture, providing kāidǎo is seen as a duty of elders, teachers, and close friends, reflecting a deep level of care and social responsibility. It suggests a patient, gentle, and persistent effort to help someone find their own way back to clarity.

Core Nuance: Unlike 'persuading' (说服), which aims to change an action, '开导' aims to change a mental or emotional state.
Social Context: Commonly used in interpersonal relationships where there is a degree of trust or hierarchy, such as parent to child or mentor to mentee.

在他最消沉的时候，是老师的一番话开导了他，让他重新振作起来。

(Translation: During his most depressed time, it was the teacher's words that counseled him and made him pull himself together again.)

The term implies a psychological 'unblocking.' Imagine a river that is dammed up; the act of kāidǎo is like removing the debris so the water can flow freely again. This metaphor is actually rooted in the word's etymology, as dǎo (导) is related to the management of water flow. When you '开导' someone, you are helping them clear the 'mental debris'—be it trauma, fixed ideas, or emotional pain—that prevents them from moving forward. It is a highly valued skill in Chinese society, often associated with wisdom and empathy. When someone says '谢谢你的开导' (Thank you for your guidance/counsel), they are expressing deep gratitude for the mental relief you've provided. This word is essential for B2 learners as it moves beyond basic communication into the realm of emotional intelligence and complex social interactions. It appears frequently in literature, psychological discussions, and daily life when discussing mental health or personal growth. It is not used for technical advice (like how to fix a computer) but rather for life's complicated emotional knots.

父母应该多跟孩子沟通，及时开导他们的心理压力。

Using 开导 (kāidǎo) correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a transitive verb. The most common structure is Subject + 开导 + Object, where the object is almost always a person. You are 'opening and guiding' the person's mind. For example, '我开导他' (I counseled him). However, to sound more natural and provide detail, we often add adverbs or resultative complements. For instance, '耐心开导' (patiently counsel) or '开导好了' (successfully counseled). Because the process of counseling often takes time, you might see it used with '正在' (in the process of) or in a repetitive sense to show persistence. It is also common to see it in the passive voice: '在他人的开导下' (under the guidance/counseling of others), which functions as an adverbial phrase describing how someone's mindset changed.

Common Pattern 1: A 开导 B (A counsels B). Example: 姐姐经常开导失恋的我。
Common Pattern 2: 在...的开导下 (Under the counsel of...). Example: 在老师的开导下，我终于想通了。

Another important aspect is the context of 'thought' or 'mindset.' You often see '开导' used alongside words like '思想' (thought), '心理' (psychology), or '情绪' (emotions). While you technically '开导' a person, the implied target is their internal state. For example, '开导他的思想' (enlighten his thoughts). This emphasizes that the goal is to change how the person thinks about a problem. It is worth noting that '开导' is usually positive. You wouldn't use it for brainwashing or negative manipulation. It implies a benevolent intent. If you want to say someone 'counseled' you into doing something bad, you would use '诱导' (induce/lure) or '误导' (mislead) instead. The '开' in '开导' suggests a breakthrough, a release from a mental prison. Therefore, the result of a successful '开导' is often that the person '想通了' (figured it out/came around) or '释怀了' (let it go).

经过朋友的多次开导，他终于不再为那件小事生气了。

你需要找个心理医生好好开导一下。

You will encounter 开导 (kāidǎo) in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from intimate family settings to formal professional environments. In family life, it is extremely common. For instance, if a teenager is upset about their grades or a social conflict, a parent might say, '我去开导开导他' (I'll go and have a talk with him/counsel him). Here, it implies a 'heart-to-heart' talk intended to soothe the child's feelings. You will also hear it in the workplace, particularly in management. A good manager doesn't just give orders; they '开导' employees who are feeling burnt out or discouraged. In this context, it takes on a meaning similar to 'mentoring' or 'motivational counseling.' It shows that the manager cares about the employee's morale, not just their output.

Scenario: Heartbreak: Friends often '开导' each other after a breakup, helping the person see that life goes on.
Scenario: Failure: Teachers '开导' students who fail important exams to prevent them from losing confidence.

In Chinese media, such as TV dramas (often called 'C-dramas'), '开导' is a staple word in dialogue. You’ll often see a scene where two characters are sitting on a bench at night, and one is crying while the other speaks softly. This entire act is referred to as '开导.' It’s a key plot device for character development, showing how a protagonist overcomes internal hurdles through the wisdom of a secondary character. Furthermore, in the field of psychology and social work, '心理开导' (psychological counseling) is a standard term. While '咨询' (consultation) is the professional title, '开导' is the action that describes the supportive, guiding nature of the therapy. Even in news reports, you might read about how community leaders '开导' residents during times of local crisis or disaster to maintain social stability and mental health. Understanding this word gives you a window into the Chinese emphasis on emotional harmony and the importance of verbal guidance in maintaining it.

别钻牛角尖了，听听大家的开导吧。

(Translation: Stop overthinking/getting stuck in a dead end, listen to everyone's counsel.)

心理咨询师正在对受灾群众进行心理开导。

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 开导 (kāidǎo) is confusing it with 教育 (jiàoyù - to educate) or 教训 (jiàoxùn - to lecture/scold). While all three involve a person of higher status or knowledge speaking to another, the tone is vastly different. '教育' is formal and academic; '教训' is often harsh and critical. In contrast, '开导' is supportive and empathetic. If you tell a friend '我要教育你' (I want to educate you), it sounds arrogant. If you say '我要教训你' (I want to teach you a lesson), it sounds like a threat. But if you say '我想开导开导你' (I want to counsel you), it sounds like you are offering a helping hand. Another mistake is using '开导' for purely factual or technical advice. You wouldn't '开导' someone on how to use a software program; for that, you use '指导' (zhǐdǎo - to guide/direct) or '讲解' (jiǎngjiě - to explain).

Mistake: Wrong Object: Using '开导' for inanimate objects. Wrong: 开导这个问题. Correct: 开导这个人.
Mistake: Confusing with '劝': '劝' (quàn) is just to persuade. '开导' is more about the emotional 'unblocking'.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the result of '开导'. Because it is a process verb, it doesn't always imply success unless you add a resultative complement. Saying '我开导了他' means you performed the action, but he might still be sad. To say you successfully helped him, you should say '我把他开导好了' or '他被我开导通了.' Additionally, be careful with the register. While '开导' is common in daily speech, it carries a certain weight. You wouldn't use it for a very casual, 10-second tip. It implies a 'session' of talk. Finally, avoid using it in a way that sounds condescending. In some contexts, if not delivered with genuine empathy, telling someone 'you need counseling' (你需要开导) can imply that you think they are being irrational or 'crazy.' Always ensure the context is one of mutual respect and care to avoid this pitfall.

错误：老师在开导这道数学题。(Incorrect: The teacher is counseling this math problem.)

正确：老师在开导那个因为考试失败而哭泣的学生。

To truly master 开导 (kāidǎo), it's helpful to compare it with its synonyms, each of which has a slightly different flavor. The most common alternative is 劝导 (quàndǎo). While very similar, '劝导' has a stronger emphasis on 'persuading' someone to change their behavior or follow a rule, often through reasoning. '开导' is more about emotional relief and changing a mindset. Another close word is 劝解 (quànjiě), which is specifically used when someone is angry or involved in a conflict; it means to mediate or soothe someone's temper. If someone is crying after a breakup, you '开导' them; if two people are fighting, you '劝解' them. Then there is 疏导 (shūdǎo), which is more formal and often used in a collective sense, like 'psychological counseling for a crowd' or even 'dredging a river' (its literal meaning), implying a systematic clearing of obstacles.

开导 vs. 劝导: 开导: Focus on emotional/mental breakthrough. 劝导: Focus on behavioral change/advice.
开导 vs. 启发: 启发 (qǐfā): To inspire or enlighten intellectually (like a 'eureka' moment), not necessarily emotionally.

For more intellectual contexts, 点拨 (diǎnbō) is a great word. It means to give a small hint that leads to a big realization, often used between a master and an apprentice. While '开导' might take an hour of talking, a '点拨' could take just one sentence. On the more professional side, 咨询 (zīxún) is the word for 'consultation,' used for doctors, lawyers, or professional counselors. In a medical context, you would seek '心理咨询,' but the therapist's method of talking to you might be described as '开导.' Finally, 安慰 (ānwèi) means 'to comfort.' This is much simpler than '开导.' If you say 'everything will be okay,' you are '安慰'-ing them. If you spend time explaining why their perspective is causing them unnecessary pain and helping them see a new path, you are '开导'-ing them. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the exact right word for the level of emotional depth you want to convey.

对于这个固执的孩子，单纯的安慰没有用，需要耐心的开导。

在专家的点拨下，他很快就解决了这个难题，但这不属于心理开导。

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '导' (dǎo) contains the component for 'inch' or 'hand' (寸) and 'road' (道), suggesting that guiding involves taking someone by the hand and showing them the way. In ancient times, '开导' was used by famous engineers like Yu the Great to describe dredging rivers!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /kaɪ daʊ/

US /kaɪ daʊ/

The primary stress in Mandarin is balanced, but the 3rd tone on 'dǎo' often makes it feel slightly more emphasized in duration.

هم‌قافیه با

拍 (pāi) 买 (mǎi) 海 (hǎi) 草 (cǎo) 跑 (pǎo) 好 (hǎo) 老 (lǎo) 少 (shǎo)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'kai' as 'kay'. It should rhyme with 'eye'.
Pronouncing 'dao' as 'day-oh'. It should rhyme with 'now'.
Failing to perform the full dip of the 3rd tone on 'dao'.
Mixing up 'kai' with 'gai'. The 'k' must be breathy/aspirated.
Using the wrong tones (e.g., 4th tone 'kài' instead of 1st tone 'kāi').

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are relatively common, but understanding the nuance in literature requires B2 level proficiency.

نوشتن 4/5

Using it correctly in a sentence requires understanding its transitive nature and appropriate objects.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires social context to use naturally.

گوش دادن 3/5

Frequently heard in dramas and emotional conversations.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

说话帮助心情告诉劝

بعداً یاد بگیرید

启发疏导解脱释怀悟

پیشرفته

指点迷津循循善诱茅塞顿开豁然开朗对症下药

گرامر لازم

Transitive Verb Usage

他开导我。(He counsels me.)

Resultative Complements

开导通了 (Counseled into understanding).

Verb Reduplication (ABAB)

开导开导 (Counsel a little bit).

The 'Under' Structure (在...下)

在老师的开导下，他进步了。

The 'Ba' Structure (把字句)

我把他开导好了。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

我开导他。

I counsel him.

Subject + Verb + Object.

老师开导我。

The teacher counsels me.

Simple transitive verb use.

妈妈在开导妹妹。

Mom is counseling younger sister.

'在' indicates an ongoing action.

他需要开导。

He needs counseling.

'需要' (need) + verb.

多开导他。

Counsel him more.

Imperative sentence with '多'.

谁来开导我？

Who will come to counsel me?

Question with '谁'.

我喜欢开导别人。

I like counseling others.

'喜欢' (like) + verb phrase.

他开导得很好。

He counsels very well.

Verb + '得' + complement.

朋友心情不好，我去开导一下。

My friend is in a bad mood, I'll go counsel them for a bit.

'一下' indicates a short duration.

老师耐心地开导每一个学生。

The teacher patiently counsels every student.

Adverb + '地' + Verb.

他终于被我开导好了。

He was finally successfully counseled by me.

Passive '被' structure with resultative '好了'.

你需要找人开导开导。

You need to find someone to counsel you a bit.

Verb reduplication (AABB) for casual tone.

开导别人是一件好事。

Counseling others is a good thing.

The verb phrase acts as the subject.

他不想听任何人的开导。

He doesn't want to hear anyone's counseling.

Noun usage of '开导'.

妈妈经常开导我不要生气。

Mom often counsels me not to be angry.

Verb + Object + Negative Command.

经过开导，他不再哭了。

After being counseled, he stopped crying.

'经过' (after/through) + noun.

如果他钻牛角尖，你就多开导他。

If he gets stuck in a dead end, you should counsel him more.

Conditional '如果...就...' structure.

由于老师的开导，他走出了阴影。

Due to the teacher's counseling, he stepped out of the shadow.

'由于' (due to) explaining the cause.

他很固执，很难被开导通。

He is very stubborn and hard to be counseled into understanding.

'被...开导通' is a specific resultative pattern.

心理医生正在对他进行心理开导。

The psychologist is conducting psychological counseling on him.

'进行' (conduct) + noun phrase.

我不知道该怎么开导失恋的朋友。

I don't know how I should counsel a friend who just broke up.

'该怎么' (how should) + Verb.

开导他人需要极大的耐心和同情心。

Counseling others requires great patience and empathy.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

他拒绝了所有人的开导，独自离开了。

He rejected everyone's counseling and left alone.

Verb + Object, then a second action.

你的开导对他来说非常重要。

Your counseling is very important to him.

'对...来说' (for/to someone) structure.

看到他如此消沉，大家都轮流去开导他。

Seeing him so depressed, everyone took turns to counsel him.

'轮流' (take turns) + Verb.

有效的开导可以帮助青少年建立自信。

Effective counseling can help teenagers build self-confidence.

Adjective + Noun structure.

他总是能用几句话就把人开导得心服口服。

He is always able to counsel people into complete conviction with just a few words.

'把' structure with a descriptive complement.

在父母的反复开导下，他终于同意回学校上课。

Under the repeated counseling of his parents, he finally agreed to go back to school.

'在...下' (under...) with an adjective '反复'.

面对挫折，我们需要学会自我开导。

Facing setbacks, we need to learn to counsel ourselves.

'自我' (self) + Verb.

这种深层次的心理问题，普通的开导恐怕不够。

For this kind of deep-seated psychological problem, simple counseling might not be enough.

Adjective '普通' modifying the noun '开导'.

领导找他谈话，主要是为了开导他的思想顾虑。

The leader talked to him mainly to counsel him regarding his ideological concerns.

'为了' (for the purpose of) + Verb + Object.

他那番富有哲理的开导，让我受益匪浅。

His philosophical counseling benefited me greatly.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

由于长期的心理压抑，他急需专业的心理开导与干预。

Due to long-term psychological repression, he urgently needs professional psychological counseling and intervention.

Formal vocabulary like '压抑' and '干预'.

文学作品往往能通过角色的命运来开导读者的心灵。

Literary works often counsel the readers' souls through the fates of their characters.

Metaphorical use of '开导'.

他不仅在学术上指导我，更在人生规划上给予我开导。

He not only guides me academically but also gives me counseling on my life planning.

'不仅...更...' (not only... but even...) structure.

这种固化的思维模式，非一般人所能开导。

This kind of fixed thinking pattern is not something an ordinary person can counsel.

Classical '非...所能' (not what ... can do) structure.

在危机时刻，及时的思想开导是维持社会稳定的关键。

In times of crisis, timely ideological counseling is the key to maintaining social stability.

Abstract social/political context.

他试图开导那些陷入极端主义的年轻人，让他们回归理性。

He tried to counsel those young people who had fallen into extremism, bringing them back to rationality.

Complex object and purpose clause.

这种深邃的智慧，足以开导任何迷失的灵魂。

This profound wisdom is enough to enlighten any lost soul.

Literary/Poetic tone.

通过一系列的疏导与开导，员工的抵触情绪得到了缓解。

Through a series of channelings and counselings, the employees' resistance was alleviated.

Using '疏导' and '开导' together for emphasis.

儒家思想中，‘开导’不仅是传授知识，更是人格的化育。

In Confucian thought, 'enlightenment' is not just the transmission of knowledge, but the cultivation of personality.

Philosophical analysis using '不仅是...更是...'.

他以一种近乎禅宗的方式开导弟子，使其在刹那间悟道。

He enlightened his disciples in a near-Zen manner, causing them to realize the truth in an instant.

Highly specific cultural/religious context.

这种政治上的开导，旨在消除各党派之间的历史积怨。

This political counseling/mediation aims to eliminate historical grievances between various parties.

Formal diplomatic usage.

在当今物欲横流的社会，人们愈发渴求精神上的开导与慰藉。

In today's materialistic society, people increasingly crave spiritual enlightenment and solace.

Sophisticated vocabulary like '物欲横流' and '渴求'.

他那番言论，与其说是开导，不如说是对现状的深刻剖析。

His remarks were not so much counseling as a profound analysis of the current situation.

'与其说是...不如说是...' (not so much ... as ...) structure.

开导之功，不在于言辞之华丽，而在于能否契合对方的心境。

The merit of counseling lies not in the magnificence of words, but in whether it can resonate with the other person's state of mind.

Classical Chinese '不在于...而在于...' structure.

他致力于开导大众的环保意识，呼吁人与自然和谐共生。

He is committed to enlightening the public's environmental awareness, calling for the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.

Verb + Abstract Awareness Object.

面对时代的巨变，我们每个人都需要在自我开导中寻找新的定位。

Facing the great changes of the era, each of us needs to find a new positioning through self-enlightenment.

Reflexive noun usage in a complex social context.

ترکیب‌های رایج

耐心开导

反复开导

心理开导

开导思想

无法开导

及时开导

善于开导

言语开导

被开导通了

进行开导

عبارات رایج

开导开导

— The reduplicated form used to make the action sound more casual and friendly. It implies a 'little talk'.

他最近心情不好，你去开导开导他吧。

思想开导

— Focuses on changing someone's ideological or logical stance through counseling.

老师对这名学生进行了长时间的思想开导。

寻求开导

— To actively look for someone to give advice or comfort when feeling lost.

迷茫时，他向老教授寻求开导。

自我开导

— The act of talking oneself out of a bad mood or narrow perspective.

遇到困难，我们要学会自我开导。

值得开导

— Suggests that a person is receptive to help and worth the effort of counseling.

虽然他犯了错，但他本性不坏，值得开导。

一番开导

— A measure phrase referring to a specific instance or session of counseling.

听了医生的一番开导，他心里轻松多了。

拒绝开导

— When someone is unwilling to listen to advice or comfort from others.

他把自己关在房间里，拒绝任何人的开导。

开导有方

— To be very skilled or have a good method for counseling others.

这位老师开导有方，学生们都很信任她。

通过开导

— Using counseling as a means to achieve a result.

通过开导，他终于放下了过去的恩怨。

心理疏导与开导

— A common professional phrase combining systematic management and personal counseling.

灾后重建中，心理疏导与开导至关重要。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

开导 vs 教育

Education is for knowledge/morals; counseling is for emotions/mindset.

开导 vs 教训

A lecture/lesson is critical/harsh; counseling is supportive/kind.

开导 vs 指导

Direction is for tasks/skills; counseling is for the soul/thoughts.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"循循善诱"

— To guide people systematically and patiently. Often used in praise of teachers who '开导' well.

老师循循善诱，开导我们走向正确的道路。

Literary/Formal

"茅塞顿开"

— To suddenly become enlightened (like grass being cleared from a path). This is the ideal result of '开导'.

听了他的开导，我顿时茅塞顿开。

Idiomatic/Formal

"拨云见日"

— Like clearing away the clouds to see the sun; describes the feeling after a successful '开导'.

你的开导让我有种拨云见日的感觉。

Literary

"解开心结"

— To untie the knot in one's heart. '开导' is the action that achieves this.

经过姐姐的开导，我终于解开了心结。

Common/Idiomatic

"苦口婆心"

— To advise someone with earnest and kind intentions, often repeatedly.

妈妈苦口婆心地开导我，都是为了我好。

Common

"指点迷津"

— To point out the way for someone who is lost. A more formal/poetic way to say '开导'.

感谢您在我迷茫时指点迷津，给我开导。

Formal/Literary

"豁然开朗"

— Suddenly seeing a wide, bright vision; used to describe the mental state after '开导'.

一番开导后，他的心情豁然开朗。

Literary

"对症下药"

— To suit the remedy to the case. Effective '开导' must be '对症下药'.

开导别人要对症下药，才能起到作用。

Common

"谆谆教导"

— Earnest and tireless teaching/guidance, usually from an elder.

我们要牢记老师的谆谆教导和开导。

Formal

"开诚布公"

— To speak frankly and sincerely. A prerequisite for honest '开导'.

我们开诚布公地谈一谈，互相开导一下。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

开导 vs 劝导

Both involve advising someone.

'劝导' is more about persuading someone to act correctly; '开导' is about emotional relief.

警察劝导行人不要闯红灯；姐姐开导难过的我。

开导 vs 安慰

Both are used for sad people.

'安慰' is simple comfort; '开导' involves deeper reasoning and changing a perspective.

他哭了，我去安慰他；他想不通，我去开导他。

开导 vs 启发

Both involve 'enlightening'.

'启发' is intellectual/creative; '开导' is emotional/psychological.

老师启发了我的灵感；老师开导了我的心结。

开导 vs 说服

Both involve changing a mind.

'说服' is about agreement on an action; '开导' is about emotional healing.

我说服他去旅游；我开导他不要再伤心了。

开导 vs 疏导

Both mean 'to channel'.

'疏导' is more systematic or for large groups; '开导' is more personal and verbal.

疏导交通；疏导情绪；开导朋友。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A 开导 B

妈妈开导我。

A 正在开导 B

老师正在开导那个哭泣的学生。

A 想开导开导 B

我想开导开导失恋的他。

在 A 的开导下，B ...

在朋友的开导下，他终于走出了困境。

把 B 开导好了/通了

我费了好大劲才把他开导通了。

对 B 进行心理开导

心理医生正在对患者进行心理开导。

开导 B 的思想顾虑

领导找他谈话是为了开导他的思想顾虑。

自我开导是...的关键

在逆境中，自我开导是保持心理健康的关键。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

开导者 (kāidǎozhě - counselor/enlightener)

心理开导 (xīnlǐ kāidǎo - psychological counseling)

فعل‌ها

开 (kāi - to open)

导 (dǎo - to lead/guide)

引导 (yǐndǎo - to guide)

劝导 (quàndǎo - to advise)

疏导 (shūdǎo - to channel/dredge)

صفت‌ها

开通 (kāitong - open-minded)

导向性 (dǎoxiàngxìng - guiding/directional)

مرتبط

启发

劝解

谈心

开窍

指点

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in daily speech and literature regarding emotions and psychology.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '开导' for technical advice. → 使用 '指导' 或 '讲解'。
You don't '开导' someone on how to use Excel; that is '指导'. '开导' is for emotions and life problems.
Saying '开导问题' (Counseling a problem). → 开导这个人 / 解决这个问题。
The object of '开导' must be a person, never the problem itself.
Confusing '开导' with '教育' in a casual setting. → 使用 '开导' 来表达关心。
'教育' sounds like you are a superior teaching a lesson; '开导' sounds like a friend helping out.
Forgetting the resultative complement when the action succeeded. → 把他开导通了。
Just saying '我开导他' doesn't mean he actually felt better. '通了' shows the breakthrough occurred.
Using '开导' when someone is just angry (without confusion). → 使用 '劝解'。
If someone is just angry and fighting, '劝解' (to soothe/mediate) is more accurate than '开导'.

نکات

Use with People

Always remember that the object of '开导' must be a person. You are guiding a person's mind, not a thing.

Be Gentle

When using '开导' in speech, maintain a soft and empathetic tone to match the word's supportive meaning.

Reduplication

Use '开导开导' to make your offer of help sound less like a lecture and more like a friendly chat.

Respect the 'Face'

In Chinese culture, offering to '开导' someone is a polite way to help them without pointing out their mistakes directly.

Combine with Resultatives

To show the counseling was successful, add '通了' (tōng le) or '好了' (hǎo le) after the verb.

Show, Don't Just Tell

In stories, use '开导' to describe the turning point where a character starts to feel better or changes their mind.

Listen for '心结'

If you hear the word '心结' (heart-knot), the word '开导' is almost certainly going to follow.

Don't confuse with '教训'

'教训' is for scolding; '开导' is for helping. Make sure you don't swap them!

Common in HSK 5+

This is a B2 level word, so expect to see it in more advanced reading materials and exams.

Self-Counseling

Remember the phrase '自我开导'—it's a great way to talk about mental resilience in Chinese.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'KAI' as a key that 'opens' a locked door, and 'DAO' as the 'Tao' or the 'Way'. You are using a key to open someone's mind and showing them the Way out of their trouble.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a dark, cluttered room (a confused mind). '开导' is like someone coming in, opening the curtains (开), and then guiding (导) the person toward the exit.

شبکه واژگان

Mind Heart Advice Counseling Opening Guiding Empathy Relief

چالش

Try to use '开导' in a conversation today to describe a time a friend helped you feel better. Remember to use the 'A 开导 B' structure.

ریشه کلمه

The word '开导' traces back to ancient Chinese texts where '开' meant to open or clear a path, and '导' meant to lead water or energy (Qi) along a specific channel. It was originally used in the context of water management and medicine (acupuncture).

معنای اصلی: To clear a blocked waterway or to guide the flow of a river to prevent flooding.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

بافت فرهنگی

While '开导' is positive, be careful not to sound like you are 'looking down' on someone by implying they are unable to think for themselves.

In English-speaking cultures, we might use 'counseling' or 'mentoring', but we often lack a single word that captures both the emotional comfort and the intellectual enlightenment of '开导'.

Confucius often used '开' and '导' principles when teaching his disciples. In the classic novel 'Dream of the Red Chamber', characters frequently '开导' each other during emotional crises. Modern Chinese pop songs often mention '开导' in lyrics about moving on from heartbreak.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Family Problems

开导孩子
父母的开导
家庭矛盾需要开导
耐心开导女儿

Heartbreak/Breakups

开导失恋的朋友
走出阴影需要开导
别太难过，我开导你
听了开导后释怀了

Workplace Stress

领导开导员工
思想开导工作
缓解压力需要开导
及时的思想开导

Academic Failure

老师开导落榜生
不要灰心，听听开导
开导学生建立信心
考后心理开导

Mental Health

寻求心理开导
专业的心理开导
自我开导很重要
长期进行心理开导

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你最近看起来心事重重，需要我开导开导你吗？"

"如果你觉得压力太大，可以找个朋友开导一下。"

"你觉得在朋友难过时，什么样的开导最有效？"

"当你的父母开导你时，你会觉得有帮助吗？"

"自我开导是不是解决心理压力最好的办法？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一段话，描述一次你被别人开导后，心情变好的经历。

你认为一个好的‘开导者’应该具备哪些素质？

如果你的好朋友失恋了，你会如何去开导他/她？

谈谈在你的成长过程中，谁给你的开导最让你难忘。

为什么有时候人们会拒绝别人的开导？你怎么看？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Not necessarily. While it is often used for someone who is sad or grieving, it can also be used for someone who is stubborn, angry, or just confused about a life decision. The key is that the person is 'stuck' mentally and needs help finding a way out.

Yes! You can use the term '自我开导' (self-counseling). This means trying to talk yourself out of a bad mood or a narrow way of thinking. It is considered a very healthy and important skill in modern Chinese culture.

It is neutral. It can be used in very casual conversations with friends (e.g., '开导开导我') or in formal professional settings (e.g., '心理开导'). The context and surrounding words determine the level of formality.

'劝' (quàn) is a very broad verb meaning to advise, persuade, or urge. '开导' is a specific type of '劝' that focuses on opening the mind and providing deep emotional guidance. You '劝' someone to eat more, but you '开导' someone to stop feeling guilty.

No. '开导' is strictly for sentient beings, usually humans. You cannot '开导' a problem or a machine. For those, you would use '解决' (solve) or '修理' (repair).

You can say '谢谢你的开导' (Xièxie nǐ de kāidǎo). This sounds very sincere and implies that the person's words really helped you feel better or see things differently.

No, the word describes the action. If you want to say it was successful, you should add a resultative complement like '开导好了' or '开导通了'. If someone is very stubborn, you might say they are '无法开导' (impossible to counsel).

Traditionally, it is the role of elders, teachers, or masters. However, in modern times, it is very common among peers and friends. It is a sign of a deep and supportive relationship.

Generally, no. It implies a benevolent intent to help. If the guidance is negative or deceptive, words like '诱导' (induce/lure) or '误导' (mislead) are used instead.

The character '导' (dǎo) is indeed related to the 'Tao' (道 - way/path). In a philosophical sense, '开导' is helping someone find their 'path' or 'Tao' when they have lost it due to emotional distress.

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