A2 particle خنثی #500 رایج‌ترین 1 دقیقه مطالعه

等等

dengdeng /təŋ tən/
Practice it

Use '等等' at the end of a list to indicate that there are more similar items not mentioned.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

  • Used to imply a list is incomplete.
  • Commonly used in both spoken and written Chinese.
  • Equivalent to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English.

Overview

  1. 1概述：“等等”是现代汉语中极高频的词汇，主要用于列举事物时表示“还有很多，不一一列举”。它不仅能表示实体的罗列，也能表示抽象概念的延续。2) 用法模式：通常放在名词性短语之后，例如“苹果、香蕉、橘子等等”。在句中，它常作为宾语的补充，增加句子的概括性。3) 常见语境：在日常对话中，人们为了节省时间或避免冗长的叙述，常使用“等等”来结束一个列表。例如在讨论购物清单或活动安排时，它能让表达更简洁。4) 近义词辨析：与“以及”、“还有”不同，“等等”强调的是“省略未尽之意”，而“以及”通常用于连接并列项，不具备“未完待续”的含义。与“之类”相比，“等等”的适用范围更广，语感更自然。

مثال‌ها

1

超市里有苹果、香蕉、橘子等等。

everyday

There are apples, bananas, oranges, etc. in the supermarket.

2

我们需要准备纸张、笔、电脑等设备。

formal

We need to prepare paper, pens, computers, and other equipment.

3

他带了衣服、鞋子、帽子等等去旅行。

informal

He brought clothes, shoes, hats, and so on for the trip.

4

研究涉及社会学、心理学、经济学等等领域。

academic

The research involves fields such as sociology, psychology, economics, etc.

ترکیب‌های رایج

等等之类 and the like
等等情况 etc. situations
等等因素 factors and so on

عبارات رایج

诸如此类

and so on / such like

等等看

wait and see

等等再说

wait and talk about it later

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

等等 vs 等

‘等’ is a more concise version of ‘等等’. It is more commonly used in formal writing.

等等 vs 等等 (verb)

When used as a verb, it means 'to wait'. Do not confuse the particle with the imperative verb form.

الگوهای دستوری

A、B、C 等等 名词 + 等等 列举 + 等等

How to Use It

نکات کاربردی

‘等等’ is primarily used in spoken Chinese to indicate an incomplete list. In formal writing, it is often shortened to ‘等’. Avoid using it if you have already stated all items in the list. It is very versatile but should be kept out of highly formal or legal documents.

اشتباهات رایج

Learners often use '等等' at the beginning of a sentence, which is grammatically incorrect. Another mistake is repeating it with '很多' which makes the sentence redundant. Remember it always follows the list.

Tips

💡

Placement of the particle

Always place '等等' after the items you are listing. It acts as a suffix to your list.

⚠️

Avoid redundant usage

Do not use '等等' if you have already used words like '很多' or '各种各样' at the beginning of the list, as it creates redundancy.

🌍

Politeness in lists

Using '等等' is a polite way to avoid boring your listener with an endless list of trivial items.

ریشه کلمه

The word originates from the verb '等' (to wait). Over time, it evolved to function as a particle indicating that the speaker is 'waiting' or stopping the list, implying more items exist.

بافت فرهنگی

In Chinese culture, being concise is often valued in communication. Using '等等' helps speakers avoid unnecessary verbosity while still providing a clear overview of a group of items.

راهنمای حفظ

Think of '等等' as a 'tail' for your list. Just as a tail follows an animal, '等等' follows your list of items.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

不一样。“等等”是助词，表示列举未尽；而“等等看”中的“等等”是动词，意思是“等待片刻”。

不可以，这会显得语义重复。通常在列举结束时使用一次即可。

通常放在列举项之后，如果列举项是句子的宾语，它就位于句尾；但它也可以出现在句中，如果后面还有其他成分。

在非常正式的公文中，建议使用“等”或“以及其他”，因为“等等”带有较强的口语色彩。

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

我喜欢吃水果，比如苹果、香蕉、葡萄___。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 等等

表示列举未尽，应使用助词“等等”。

multiple choice

下列哪个句子使用正确？

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 我买了书、笔、纸等等。

“等等”用于列举事物之后。

sentence building

（公园/有/花/树/等等/草）

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 公园有花、草、树等等。

“等等”置于列举项之后。

امتیاز: /3

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