It describes the immediate, physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected frightening event.
واژه در 30 ثانیه
- A sudden feeling of fear caused by a surprise.
- Describes an involuntary reaction to unexpected events.
- Can be used as both a verb and a noun.
1) 概览：惊吓是由突发事件引发的一种强烈心理反应，通常伴随着心跳加速、身体僵硬或大叫等生理特征。它强调的是“突然性”和“恐惧感”。
2) 用法模式：作为动词时，常用于“被动语态”，如“被……惊吓到了”。作为名词时，常用于“受到惊吓”或“一场惊吓”。
3) 常见语境：常用于描述恐怖电影的观影体验、突如其来的巨响、或是恶作剧带来的后果。在日常生活中，也用于表达对突发危险的恐惧。
4) 近义词辨析：与“害怕”相比，“惊吓”更强调突发性和短暂的生理反应，而“害怕”可以是一种长期的心理状态。与“恐吓”相比，“惊吓”通常是无意或自然发生的，而“恐吓”通常带有威胁的意图。
مثالها
那声巨响把我吓了一跳。
everydayThe loud noise startled me.
由于受到惊吓，马群开始狂奔。
formalStartled, the herd of horses began to gallop.
别惊吓小猫，它会跑掉的。
informalDon't scare the kitten, it will run away.
该实验旨在研究惊吓反应对心脏的影响。
academicThe experiment aims to study the effect of the startle response on the heart.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
惊吓过度
traumatized by fright
虚惊一场
a false alarm
受惊不小
quite startled
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
恐吓 implies a deliberate threat or intimidation. 惊吓 is usually an involuntary reaction to an external stimulus.
害怕 is a general state of fear. 惊吓 is specifically the sudden, sharp onset of fear.
الگوهای دستوری
How to Use It
نکات کاربردی
The word '惊吓' is slightly formal. In daily spoken Chinese, '吓' (xià) is much more common. Use '受到惊吓' when describing a psychological state. Avoid using it to describe intentional bullying.
اشتباهات رایج
Learners often use '惊吓' as a direct transitive verb like 'I scared him' (我惊吓他), which sounds unnatural. Use '我吓了他一跳' instead. Also, avoid confusing it with '恐吓' which means to blackmail or threaten.
Tips
Use '吓了一跳' for natural speech
In daily conversation, native speakers prefer '吓了一跳' over '惊吓' to describe being startled. It sounds much more natural and common.
Do not confuse with threatening
Do not use '惊吓' to mean 'to threaten someone'. Use '恐吓' (kǒnghè) if you mean to intimidate or threaten someone intentionally.
Cultural reaction to startling
In Chinese culture, being startled is often associated with 'soul loss' (吓掉魂了) in folk superstition, emphasizing the intensity of the surprise.
ریشه کلمه
The character 惊 (jīng) represents a horse being startled, while 吓 (xià) emphasizes the sound of a sudden intake of breath. Together, they depict the physical reaction to a sudden threat.
بافت فرهنگی
In China, children are often told not to be easily 'startled' as it is believed to affect their growth or spirit. This reflects the cultural value placed on emotional stability.
راهنمای حفظ
Think of a person jumping (惊) because they saw a ghost (吓). The combination creates a sudden physical scare.
سوالات متداول
4 سوال惊吓通常是突发的、短暂的，伴随身体的剧烈反应。害怕则是一种更广泛的心理状态，可以持续较长时间，不一定由突发事件引起。
通常不这样说。更自然的表达是“我吓了你一跳”或“我刚才惊吓到你了”，使用“吓”作为动词更符合口语习惯。
可以，但在正式报告中通常使用“受到惊扰”或“产生恐慌”等词汇，显得更专业。
虽然没有直接对应的形容词，但可以用“受惊的”来形容处于惊吓状态的人。
خودت رو بسنج
巨大的雷声把孩子___了。
“惊吓”作为动词可以表示使人产生突如其来的恐惧。
看到那只猫突然跳出来，我感到很____。
“受到惊吓”是描述个人心理状态的固定搭配。
他 / 受到 / 惊吓 / 很大 / 的 / 一场
标准的动宾结构，名词作宾语。
امتیاز: /3
Summary
It describes the immediate, physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected frightening event.
- A sudden feeling of fear caused by a surprise.
- Describes an involuntary reaction to unexpected events.
- Can be used as both a verb and a noun.
Use '吓了一跳' for natural speech
In daily conversation, native speakers prefer '吓了一跳' over '惊吓' to describe being startled. It sounds much more natural and common.
Do not confuse with threatening
Do not use '惊吓' to mean 'to threaten someone'. Use '恐吓' (kǒnghè) if you mean to intimidate or threaten someone intentionally.
Cultural reaction to startling
In Chinese culture, being startled is often associated with 'soul loss' (吓掉魂了) in folk superstition, emphasizing the intensity of the surprise.
مثالها
4 از 4那声巨响把我吓了一跳。
The loud noise startled me.
由于受到惊吓，马群开始狂奔。
Startled, the herd of horses began to gallop.
别惊吓小猫，它会跑掉的。
Don't scare the kitten, it will run away.
该实验旨在研究惊吓反应对心脏的影响。
The experiment aims to study the effect of the startle response on the heart.
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