规定 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Noun: Rule, regulation, or provision.
- Verb: To stipulate, to set a rule.
- Used in formal, official, or organizational contexts.
- Collocates heavily with 'abide by' (遵守) and 'violate' (违反).
The Chinese word 规定 (guī dìng) is a fundamental vocabulary item at the CEFR B1 level, primarily functioning as a noun meaning 'rule', 'regulation', or 'stipulation', though it can also serve as a verb meaning 'to stipulate' or 'to provide'. Understanding this word requires a deep dive into its morphological roots and its application in modern Chinese society. The first character, 规 (guī), originally referred to a compass used for drawing circles, which metaphorically evolved to mean a rule, standard, or custom. The second character, 定 (dìng), means to set, fix, or decide. When combined, 规定 literally translates to 'setting the standard' or 'fixing the rule'. This concept is pervasive in Chinese culture, where societal harmony and organizational structure rely heavily on clearly defined rules and expectations. Whether you are navigating the rules of a classroom, the regulations of a workplace, or the laws of a country, 规定 is the term you will encounter most frequently. It is more formal than simple habits but less absolute than formal constitutional laws (法律). It occupies the crucial middle ground of administrative and organizational guidelines. To truly master this word, one must recognize its ubiquitous presence in written notices, official documents, and formal spoken instructions. The usage of 规定 reflects a society that values order and explicit guidelines. When a company issues a new policy, it is a 规定. When a school sets a dress code, it is a 规定. Understanding the nuances of this word allows learners to better comprehend the expectations placed upon them in various Chinese contexts.
- Morphology
- 规 (compass/rule) + 定 (to fix/set) = fixed rules.
- Noun Usage
- Refers to the actual rule or regulation itself, often used with verbs like 遵守 (comply) or 违反 (violate).
- Verb Usage
- Refers to the act of setting a rule, often followed by a clause detailing what is required.
这是学校的新规定。
我们必须遵守公司的规定。
法律规定不能酒后驾车。
根据规定，你不能在这里吸烟。
打破规定会受到惩罚。
Using 规定 correctly involves understanding its syntactic behavior both as a noun and a verb. As a noun, 规定 is highly versatile and frequently appears as the object of verbs related to compliance, enforcement, or violation. The most common collocations include 遵守规定 (to abide by the rules), 违反规定 (to violate the rules), 制定规定 (to formulate rules), and 执行规定 (to enforce rules). It can also be modified by various adjectives to specify the type of rule, such as 严格的规定 (strict rules), 新规定 (new rules), or 安全规定 (safety regulations). When functioning as a verb, 规定 takes on a declarative tone, often used in formal or official contexts to state what is required or prohibited. The structure typically follows the pattern: [Authority/Document] + 规定 + [Action/Requirement]. For example, 法律规定 (The law stipulates...), 合同规定 (The contract provides...), or 学校规定 (The school requires...). In these cases, the clause following 规定 acts as its object, detailing the specific mandate. It is crucial to note that 规定 is rarely used for personal, informal habits or preferences; it strictly belongs to the domain of official, organizational, or societal mandates. Furthermore, in passive constructions, you might encounter phrases like 被规定为 (is stipulated as), which adds an extra layer of formality. Mastering these structural patterns is essential for any B1 learner aiming to communicate effectively in professional, academic, or administrative environments in China. The distinction between its noun and verb forms is usually clear from the context, but paying attention to the surrounding verbs and subjects will solidify your grasp of its usage.
- Collocation: 遵守
- 遵守规定 (zūn shǒu guī dìng) means to strictly follow or abide by the established rules.
- Collocation: 违反
- 违反规定 (wéi fǎn guī dìng) means to break, violate, or go against the rules.
- Verb Pattern
- [Subject] + 规定 + [Clause], used to state what a law or authority demands.
请大家严格遵守图书馆的规定。
他因为违反了交通规定而被罚款。
合同里明确规定了双方的责任。
这项新规定将于下个月生效。
国家规定未成年人不能进入网吧。
The word 规定 is ubiquitous in environments that require order, safety, and standardized procedures. You will hear and see it most frequently in institutional settings such as schools, universities, corporate offices, government buildings, and public transportation hubs. In a school setting, teachers and administrators will constantly refer to 学校规定 (school rules) regarding attendance, dress codes, and academic integrity. In the workplace, HR departments will issue 公司规定 (company regulations) covering everything from working hours to reimbursement policies. Public spaces in China are heavily regulated, so you will frequently encounter signs that say 规定 in parks, museums, and subway stations, often detailing what is prohibited (e.g., no smoking, no eating). Furthermore, 规定 is a staple in news broadcasts and official announcements. When the government introduces a new policy, news anchors will use 规定 to explain the new mandates. In legal and contractual contexts, the word is unavoidable. If you are signing a lease for an apartment or an employment contract, the document will be filled with various 规定 outlining your rights and obligations. Even in casual conversations, people might refer to 规定 when complaining about bureaucratic red tape or explaining why they cannot do something ('I want to help you, but the rules say...'). Understanding the contexts where 规定 appears helps learners anticipate the level of formality and the nature of the discourse. It signals that the conversation or text is moving away from personal opinions and into the realm of objective, enforceable standards.
- Public Signs
- Often seen on notice boards in parks, subways, and buildings detailing allowed behaviors.
- Workplace
- Used by HR and management to communicate company policies and employee expectations.
- News Media
- Employed by journalists to report on new government policies or legal changes.
地铁站内有明确的规定禁止饮食。
这是我们小区的物业规定。
新闻报道了关于环保的新规定。
经理在会议上强调了考勤规定。
报名表上写着年龄规定。
Learners frequently make several specific errors when integrating 规定 into their active vocabulary. The most prominent mistake is confusing 规定 with 规则 (guī zé). While both translate to 'rule' in English, their applications are distinctly different. 规则 refers to the rules of a game, a sport, or natural laws (e.g., the rules of chess, grammatical rules). 规定, on the other hand, refers to administrative, legal, or organizational mandates. Saying '足球的规定' (the regulations of football) sounds unnatural; it should be '足球的规则'. Another common error is using 规定 for personal habits. A learner might say '我的规定是每天喝水' (My rule is to drink water every day). This is incorrect because 规定 implies an external authority enforcing a standard. The correct phrasing would use 习惯 (habit) or 原则 (principle). Syntactically, learners sometimes struggle with the verb form of 规定. They might try to use it with an indirect object without the proper prepositions, or fail to follow it with a complete clause when stating a rule. For example, instead of saying '法律规定我们...', they might incorrectly structure it. Additionally, learners often forget the standard collocations, using generic verbs like 做 (do) or 有 (have) instead of the precise 遵守 (abide by) or 违反 (violate). For instance, saying '做规定' instead of '遵守规定' is a hallmark of beginner-level translation rather than B1-level comprehension. By consciously distinguishing 规定 from 规则 and mastering its specific verb pairings, learners can significantly elevate the naturalness and accuracy of their formal Chinese communication.
- 规定 vs 规则
- 规定 is for administrative/legal rules; 规则 is for games, sports, and natural laws.
- Personal Rules
- Never use 规定 for personal routines. Use 习惯 (habit) or 计划 (plan).
- Wrong Verbs
- Avoid using generic verbs like '听' (listen) with 规定. Use '遵守' (obey/abide by).
❌ 错：这是足球的规定。 (Should be 规则)
❌ 错：我个人的规定是不吃糖。 (Should be 原则/习惯)
❌ 错：你要听公司的规定。 (Should be 遵守)
✅ 对：你要遵守公司的规定。
✅ 对：法律规定必须系安全带。
Expanding your vocabulary around the concept of rules requires understanding the subtle differences between 规定 and its synonyms. We have already discussed 规则 (guī zé), which is reserved for games, sports, and objective laws of nature or grammar. Another closely related word is 规矩 (guī ju). 规矩 is much more traditional and often refers to social etiquette, manners, or unwritten cultural norms. If a child misbehaves at the dinner table, a parent might say they have no 规矩 (不懂规矩). 规定 would be too formal and bureaucratic for this situation. 法律 (fǎ lǜ) means 'law' and represents the highest level of formal, state-enforced rules. While a 法律 contains many 规定, a 规定 is not necessarily a 法律 (e.g., a company rule is a 规定, not a 法律). 制度 (zhì dù) refers to a broader system or institution of rules, such as a political system or a comprehensive corporate management system. A 制度 is made up of many individual 规定. 条例 (tiáo lì) translates to 'regulations' or 'ordinances' and is usually a specific, numbered list of rules issued by a government or large organization, often more detailed and legally binding than a simple 规定. Finally, 要求 (yāo qiú) means 'requirement' or 'demand'. While a 规定 often contains 要求, 要求 is broader and can be used for personal requests or job qualifications, whereas 规定 is strictly an established rule. By mapping out these related terms, learners can choose the exact word needed for the specific context, whether they are talking about table manners (规矩), chess (规则), company policy (规定), or national legislation (法律).
- 规则 (guī zé)
- Rules of a game, sport, or natural/grammatical laws. Less about authority, more about structure.
- 规矩 (guī ju)
- Social norms, etiquette, manners, and traditional unwritten rules of behavior.
- 法律 (fǎ lǜ)
- Formal laws enacted by a government. The highest level of legal authority.
打篮球有严格的规则。 (Rules of the game)
这孩子真不懂规矩。 (Manners/Etiquette)
这是国家的法律。 (National Law)
公司的管理制度很完善。 (System of rules)
这份工作有什么要求？ (Requirements)
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Passive voice with 被 (e.g., 被规定为)
Prepositional phrases with 根据/按照 (e.g., 根据规定)
Noun modification with 的 (e.g., 严格的规定)
Verb-Object compounds (e.g., 遵守规定)
Clause as an object (e.g., 规定 + [clause])
مثالها بر اساس سطح
这是学校的规定。
This is the school's rule.
Noun usage with possessive 的.
我不懂这个规定。
I don't understand this rule.
Object of the verb 懂 (understand).
有新规定吗？
Are there new rules?
Used with adjective 新 (new).
规定是什么？
What is the rule?
Subject of the sentence.
看，那里有规定。
Look, there are rules there.
Object of the verb 有 (to have/exist).
这是好规定。
This is a good rule.
Modified by simple adjective 好.
我喜欢这个规定。
I like this rule.
Object of the verb 喜欢 (like).
很多规定。
Many rules.
Modified by 很多 (many).
我们要遵守规定。
We must abide by the rules.
Core collocation: 遵守 (abide by).
图书馆的规定很严格。
The library's rules are very strict.
Modified by 严格 (strict).
不能违反规定。
Cannot violate the rules.
Core collocation: 违反 (violate).
这是公司的旧规定。
This is the company's old rule.
Modified by 旧 (old).
请看墙上的规定。
Please look at the rules on the wall.
Used with location phrase 墙上的.
每个地方都有规定。
Every place has rules.
Used in a general statement.
我忘了那个规定。
I forgot that rule.
Object of 忘 (forget).
按规定，你不能进去。
According to the rules, you cannot go in.
Phrase 按规定 (according to rules).
法律规定我们必须纳税。
The law stipulates that we must pay taxes.
Verb usage followed by a clause.
公司制定了新的考勤规定。
The company formulated new attendance rules.
Collocation: 制定 (formulate).
因为违反规定，他被开除了。
Because he violated the rules, he was fired.
Used in a cause-and-effect sentence.
这项规定将于明年一月生效。
This regulation will take effect in January next year.
Subject of 生效 (take effect).
大家对这个规定有意见吗？
Does anyone have objections to this rule?
Used with 对...有意见 (have objections to).
根据规定，退货需要收据。
According to the rules, a receipt is required for returns.
Phrase 根据规定 (according to rules).
这是明文规定，不能改变。
This is an explicit rule, it cannot be changed.
Collocation: 明文规定 (explicit rule).
合同里没有这项规定。
There is no such provision in the contract.
Used in the context of a contract (合同).
该规定旨在保护消费者的合法权益。
This regulation aims to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
Formal subject with 旨在 (aims to).
任何人都不能凌驾于规定之上。
No one can be above the rules.
Advanced phrase 凌驾于...之上 (above/override).
由于缺乏相关规定，管理上出现了漏洞。
Due to the lack of relevant regulations, loopholes appeared in management.
Collocation: 缺乏规定 (lack of rules).
他们正在起草关于环境保护的新规定。
They are drafting new regulations regarding environmental protection.
Collocation: 起草 (draft).
这项规定引发了广泛的社会争议。
This regulation sparked widespread social controversy.
Subject of 引发争议 (spark controversy).
实施这项规定需要大量的资金支持。
Implementing this regulation requires a large amount of financial support.
Collocation: 实施 (implement).
对于特殊情况，规定中也有相应的豁免条款。
For special circumstances, the regulations also have corresponding exemption clauses.
Used in complex legal context.
我们要灵活运用规定，而不是死板地执行。
We should apply the rules flexibly, rather than enforcing them rigidly.
Contrasting 灵活 (flexible) and 死板 (rigid).
现行规定已无法适应快速发展的市场需求。
Current regulations can no longer adapt to the rapidly developing market demands.
Collocation: 现行规定 (current regulations).
该条款的模糊性导致在实际操作中难以界定是否违规。
The ambiguity of this clause makes it difficult to define whether a violation has occurred in actual operation.
Advanced context involving ambiguity and violation (违规).
为了规避规定，一些企业采取了打擦边球的做法。
To circumvent the regulations, some enterprises have adopted borderline practices.
Collocation: 规避规定 (circumvent rules).
此项暂行规定自发布之日起施行，直至正式立法出台。
This provisional regulation shall come into effect on the date of promulgation until formal legislation is introduced.
Collocation: 暂行规定 (provisional regulation).
在缺乏明文规定的灰色地带，职业道德显得尤为重要。
In gray areas lacking explicit regulations, professional ethics become particularly important.
Context of 灰色地带 (gray area).
修订后的规定大幅提高了对侵权行为的处罚力度。
The revised regulations significantly increased the penalties for infringement.
Collocation: 修订后的规定 (revised regulations).
政策的制定者必须充分评估新规定可能带来的负面外部性。
Policymakers must fully assess the potential negative externalities brought about by new regulations.
Academic context with 负面外部性 (negative externalities).
这些繁文缛节的规定严重阻碍了行政效率的提升。
These red-tape regulations seriously hinder the improvement of administrative efficiency.
Collocation: 繁文缛节的规定 (red-tape regulations).
法律的生命力在于实施，再完美的规定若被束之高阁也形同虚设。
The vitality of the law lies in its implementation; even the most perfect regulations are useless if shelved.
Philosophical context using idioms (束之高阁, 形同虚设).
在法理学层面，探讨规定的正当性往往比探讨其合法性更为复杂。
At the jurisprudential level, discussing the legitimacy of a regulation is often more complex than discussing its legality.
Jurisprudential context (法理学).
某些地方性规定与上位法存在抵触，亟需进行合宪性审查。
Certain local regulations conflict with higher-level laws and urgently require a constitutionality review.
Legal jargon: 抵触 (conflict), 上位法 (higher-level law).
制度的演进往往是一个从不成文的习俗到成文规定的制度化过程。
The evolution of a system is often an institutionalization process from unwritten customs to written regulations.
Sociological context of institutionalization.
面对突发公共危机，僵化地恪守常规规定可能会贻误最佳救援时机。
In the face of sudden public crises, rigidly adhering to conventional regulations may delay the best rescue timing.
Advanced vocabulary: 僵化 (rigid), 恪守 (adhere to).
所谓‘潜规则’，正是由于显性规定的缺位或执行不力而滋生的畸形产物。
The so-called 'unspoken rules' are exactly the deformed products bred by the absence or poor enforcement of explicit regulations.
Cultural analysis of 潜规则 (unspoken rules).
在国际法框架下，各项公约的规定对缔约国具有约束力，但缺乏强制执行机构。
Under the framework of international law, the provisions of various conventions are binding on state parties but lack a mandatory enforcement agency.
International law context.
对规定的解释权往往掌握在制定者手中，这本身就构成了一种权力寻租的空间。
The right to interpret regulations is often in the hands of the makers, which in itself constitutes a space for rent-seeking.
Political science context: 权力寻租 (rent-seeking).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
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الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Implies an authoritative mandate rather than a suggestion.
Highly formal, suitable for written and official spoken contexts.
- Using 规定 instead of 规则 for the rules of a game or sport.
- Using 规定 to describe personal habits or self-imposed routines.
- Pairing 规定 with generic verbs like 做 (do) instead of specific collocations like 遵守 (abide by) or 制定 (formulate).
- Failing to follow the verb form of 规定 with a complete clause explaining the rule.
- Confusing the pronunciation of 规 (1st tone) with 鬼 (3rd tone).
نکات
Pair with 遵守
Always remember the golden pair: 遵守规定 (zūn shǒu guī dìng). This means 'to abide by the rules'. Using this specific verb will instantly make your Chinese sound more advanced and natural.
Verb Clause Structure
When using 规定 as a verb, follow it with a complete clause. For example, '学校规定(verb) 我们必须穿校服(clause)'. This structure is essential for expressing official mandates.
Avoid for Sports
Never use 规定 when talking about sports, board games, or video games. The word you need for those contexts is 规则 (guī zé). Mixing them up is a classic learner mistake.
Use '按规定'
In daily conversation, if you need to explain why you can't do something for someone, say '按规定，我不能...' (According to the rules, I cannot...). It's a polite way to shift the blame to the system.
Look for it in Contracts
If you are signing a lease or a job contract in China, scan the document for the word 规定. The sentences containing this word outline your specific legal obligations and rights.
Respecting the Rules
In Chinese culture, explicitly following the 规定 is highly valued in professional settings. Showing that you understand and respect the company's 规定 will help you build trust with your colleagues and managers.
Formal Tone
Using 规定 in your essays or formal emails instantly elevates the register of your writing. It shows you have moved beyond basic conversational vocabulary into administrative language.
Public Announcements
Next time you are in a Chinese subway or airport, listen closely to the loudspeaker announcements. You are almost guaranteed to hear the word 规定 regarding safety procedures.
New vs Old
You can easily modify 规定 with time adjectives. 新规定 (new rules) and 旧规定 (old rules) are very common phrases, especially when policies are changing.
Not for Habits
Remember that 规定 requires an authority. Do not use it for your personal daily routines. Use 习惯 (habit) for things like 'my rule is to drink coffee every morning'.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
规 originally depicted a person holding a compass, a tool for drawing circles, symbolizing a standard. 定 depicts a house (宀) with a person settling inside, meaning to fix or settle. Together: to set the standard.
بافت فرهنگی
In Chinese companies, 规定 are often strictly enforced top-down. Questioning them directly can be seen as insubordination.
Public behavior is heavily guided by visible 规定, often broadcasted over loudspeakers in places like train stations.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你们公司有什么特别的规定吗？"
"你觉得学校的这个新规定合理吗？"
"如果违反了这个规定会怎么样？"
"法律对这个问题是怎么规定的？"
"我不太清楚这里的规定，你能告诉我吗？"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a strict rule (规定) you had to follow in school.
Do you think society has too many or too few regulations (规定)? Why?
Write about a time you accidentally violated a rule (违反规定).
If you were the boss, what new rule (新规定) would you implement?
Compare the rules (规定) in your home country with those in China.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, you should not. The rules of a sport or game are called 规则 (guī zé). 规定 is reserved for administrative, legal, or organizational rules. Using 规定 for sports sounds very unnatural to a native speaker. Always remember: 规则 for games, 规定 for policies.
The most standard and formal way to say 'break the rules' is 违反规定 (wéi fǎn guī dìng). 违反 means to violate or go against. You can also use 打破规定 (dǎ pò guī dìng), which means to break the rules in a more metaphorical or innovative sense. However, for simply disobeying, 违反 is the correct verb.
It is both. As a noun, it means 'rule' or 'regulation' (e.g., 遵守规定 - abide by the rules). As a verb, it means 'to stipulate' or 'to officially require' (e.g., 法律规定 - the law stipulates). You will frequently encounter it in both forms in formal Chinese.
法律 (fǎ lǜ) specifically means 'law' and refers to the highest level of legislation passed by a government. 规定 is a broader term for 'rule' or 'regulation'. A company can have a 规定, but it cannot create a 法律. A 法律, however, contains many specific 规定 within its text.
It is highly unnatural to use 规定 for personal habits or routines. 规定 implies an external authority or an official organization. If you want to say 'My rule is to wake up at 6 AM', you should use 习惯 (habit) or 原则 (principle) instead. Save 规定 for schools, workplaces, and governments.
The most common and natural way to say this is 根据规定 (gēn jù guī dìng) or 按照规定 (àn zhào guī dìng). In spoken Chinese, it is often shortened to just 按规定 (àn guī dìng). You can place this phrase at the beginning of a sentence to explain why an action must be taken.
潜规则 (qián guī zé) literally translates to 'hidden rules' or 'unspoken rules'. It refers to the unwritten, often unethical or illicit practices that actually govern behavior in a specific industry or social circle, as opposed to the official, written 规定 (explicit rules). It is a very common cultural concept in China.
They are very similar and often interchangeable. However, 规章 (guī zhāng) usually refers to a more comprehensive set of rules or a formal code of conduct, often used in the phrase 规章制度 (rules and regulations). 规定 can refer to a single, specific rule or the act of stipulating.
It is pronounced guī dìng. 规 is the first tone, meaning it is high and flat. 定 is the fourth tone, meaning it starts high and falls sharply. Make sure not to pronounce 规 with a rising tone, or it might sound like 鬼 (ghost), which would be very confusing!
You will see it most frequently on public signs, in employee handbooks, on school notice boards, and in legal contracts. It is a staple of written, formal Chinese. You will also hear it in news broadcasts when the government announces new policies or regulations.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
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Summary
The word 规定 (guī dìng) is your go-to term for any official rule, regulation, or stipulation. Remember to use it for administrative and legal contexts, not for personal habits or the rules of a game.
- Noun: Rule, regulation, or provision.
- Verb: To stipulate, to set a rule.
- Used in formal, official, or organizational contexts.
- Collocates heavily with 'abide by' (遵守) and 'violate' (违反).
Pair with 遵守
Always remember the golden pair: 遵守规定 (zūn shǒu guī dìng). This means 'to abide by the rules'. Using this specific verb will instantly make your Chinese sound more advanced and natural.
Verb Clause Structure
When using 规定 as a verb, follow it with a complete clause. For example, '学校规定(verb) 我们必须穿校服(clause)'. This structure is essential for expressing official mandates.
Avoid for Sports
Never use 规定 when talking about sports, board games, or video games. The word you need for those contexts is 规则 (guī zé). Mixing them up is a classic learner mistake.
Use '按规定'
In daily conversation, if you need to explain why you can't do something for someone, say '按规定，我不能...' (According to the rules, I cannot...). It's a polite way to shift the blame to the system.
مثال
学校有规定，上课不能迟到。
محتوای مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر law
允许
B1معلم به دانشآموزان اجازه داد که از کتابخانه استفاده کنند.
补偿
B1جبران کردن خسارت یا کمبود. تلافی کردن.
遵守
B1رعایت کردن یا پیروی از قوانین، مقررات یا توافقنامهها. به عنوان مثال، رعایت قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی.
约束
B1محدودیت یا فشار بر اعمال یا رفتار کسی؛ عمل تحت کنترل نگه داشتن چیزی.
版权
B1حق تکثیر یا حق چاپ، حق قانونی انحصاری است که به خالق یک اثر اصلی داده میشود تا استفاده و توزیع آن را کنترل کند. در فارسی به آن 'حق تکثیر' یا 'حق مؤلف' میگویند.
著作权
B1حق تکثیر حق قانونی است که به پدیدآورنده یک اثر داده میشود.
法院
B1دادگاه نهادی است که به اختلافات قانونی رسیدگی میکند.
犯罪
B1واژه '犯罪' به معنای مرتکب شدن جرم یا عملی است که توسط قانون مجازات میشود.
剥夺
B1محروم کردن کسی از حقوق یا اموال خود با زور یا قانون.
判定
B1تعیین کردن یا قضاوت رسمی. دادگاه حکم داد که او بیگناه است.
