补偿 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 补偿 (bǔcháng) means to compensate or make up for a loss, whether it is financial, emotional, or physical.
- It is used as both a verb and a noun in formal and informal contexts across Chinese society.
- Key differences exist between 补偿 (neutral compensation) and 赔偿 (legal liability for fault).
- Commonly found in news about housing, workplace discussions on overtime, and personal apologies.
The term 补偿 (bǔcháng) is a multifaceted Chinese word that functions as both a verb and a noun. At its core, it refers to the act of giving something—usually money, time, or emotional support—to someone to recognize and rectify a loss, suffering, or injury. It is the process of restoring balance where a deficiency has occurred. Unlike simple 'payment,' 补偿 carries the connotation of 'making whole' or 'filling a gap' that was created by an external force or a previous action. In a legal context, it often refers to financial restitution, while in a psychological context, it refers to the mechanisms the mind uses to overcome perceived weaknesses or failures.
- Etymological Root
- The character 补 (bǔ) means to mend, patch, or supplement. The character 偿 (cháng) means to repay or fulfill a debt. Together, they signify 'mending through repayment.'
- Functional Scope
- It covers economic, physical, psychological, and systemic domains, ranging from overtime pay to biological mechanisms.
公司给了他一笔奖金，以补偿他加班的辛苦。
In modern Chinese society, 补偿 is frequently heard in discussions regarding urban development (demolition compensation), labor rights (severance pay), and interpersonal relationships. It implies a sense of fairness and equity. When someone says they want to 'compensate' you, they are acknowledging that you have suffered a net loss and they intend to bring you back to a baseline of zero or better. This word is essential for navigating professional environments where negotiations over resources and time are common. It is also used in biological sciences to describe how one organ might take over the function of another damaged organ, known as 'compensatory growth' or 'compensatory function.'
这种心理补偿机制可以帮助人们缓解焦虑。
Furthermore, the word is deeply embedded in the concept of 'social justice' in China. For instance, 'ecological compensation' (生态补偿) is a major policy term referring to payments made to protect the environment. In daily life, if you miss a friend's birthday, you might say you will 'compensate' them by taking them to a fancy dinner. This usage highlights the word's versatility—it transitions seamlessly from formal legal documents to casual conversations between friends. It is a B1 level word because while the concept is simple, its application across different registers requires a nuanced understanding of Chinese social and professional norms.
失去了这次机会，我一定要在下次比赛中补偿回来。
- Grammar Note
- It can be followed by a noun (补偿损失) or used as a noun itself (获得补偿).
Using 补偿 (bǔcháng) correctly requires understanding its role as both a transitive verb and a noun. As a verb, it directly precedes the object of the loss or the person being compensated. As a noun, it often follows verbs like '得到' (to get), '给予' (to give), or '提供' (to provide). It is highly versatile, appearing in formal legal contexts as well as informal emotional ones.
1. As a Transitive Verb
When you use it as a verb, you are describing the action of making up for something. Common objects include '损失' (loss), '遗憾' (regret), '时间' (time), and '努力' (effort).
我们应该补偿农民因干旱遭受的损失。
2. As a Noun
In its noun form, it refers to the thing given (money, goods, etc.). It is often modified by adjectives like '经济' (economic), '心理' (psychological), or '合理的' (reasonable).
他得到了一笔丰厚的经济补偿。
- Common Collocations
- 补偿金 (Compensation fund/money), 补偿心理 (Compensatory psychology), 得到补偿 (To be compensated).
3. Emotional and Psychological Usage
In personal relationships, 补偿 is used to express the desire to make things right after a mistake or a period of neglect. It’s a way of saying 'I owe you one' or 'I want to make it up to you.'
我没能参加你的婚礼，下次见面我一定好好补偿你。
Furthermore, in academic or technical contexts, 补偿 refers to the balancing of a system. For example, '温度补偿' (temperature compensation) in engineering refers to adjustments made to account for temperature changes. This demonstrates the word's reach into technical fields where 'balance' is a physical requirement rather than just a social one.
The word 补偿 (bǔcháng) is ubiquitous in Chinese life, appearing in news broadcasts, office meetings, and family dinners. Understanding the context in which it appears helps in grasping its specific meaning at that moment.
1. In the News: Urban Development
One of the most common places you will hear this word is in reports about '拆迁' (chāiqiān - demolition and relocation). When the government or a developer takes land, they must provide '拆迁补偿' (relocation compensation) to the residents. This is a major social topic in China.
政府公布了最新的土地征收补偿标准。
2. In the Workplace: HR and Labor Law
If an employee is laid off, they are usually entitled to '经济补偿金' (economic compensation/severance). You will hear this in HR meetings or when discussing labor contracts. It also applies to '加班补偿' (overtime compensation), which could be extra pay or time off (调休).
如果公司提前解约，必须支付员工经济补偿。
3. In Personal Relationships
When friends or partners feel they haven't spent enough time together, they use 补偿 to promise future quality time. It’s a very common way to apologize for being busy.
最近太忙了，周末我带你去吃大餐，算是补偿。
4. In Science and Medicine
Doctors might talk about '功能补偿' (functional compensation) when one part of the body works harder to make up for a failing part. For example, if one kidney is removed, the other will undergo compensatory growth.
While 补偿 (bǔcháng) is a common word, learners often confuse it with similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Avoiding these pitfalls is key to sounding natural in Chinese.
1. Confusing 补偿 (bǔcháng) with 赔偿 (pèicháng)
This is the most frequent error. 赔偿 usually implies that the person paying is at fault or has broken a rule/law (liability). 补偿 is more neutral and focuses on the fact that a loss occurred, regardless of fault.
- Wrong
- 他在车祸中撞坏了我的车，他必须补偿我。(Should be 赔偿, as he is at fault.)
- Right
- 政府修路占用了他的土地，给了他合理的补偿。(Correct, as the government isn't 'at fault' but is balancing the loss.)
2. Confusing 补偿 (bǔcháng) with 补充 (bǔchōng)
The characters look similar (both start with 补), but 补充 means 'to add more' or 'to supplement' information or materials. It does not imply a loss or a need for restitution.
如果你有任何意见，请随时补充。(Not 补偿)
3. Overusing it in casual settings
While you can use it with friends, using it too formally can make you sound like a lawyer. If you just forgot to buy milk, saying '我会补偿你的' (I will compensate you) might sound overly dramatic. A simple '下次我请客' (Next time is on me) is often better.
4. Incorrect Object Placement
Learners sometimes say '补偿我损失' (compensate me loss). While understandable, the more natural structure is '补偿我的损失' or '给我补偿'.
To truly master 补偿 (bǔcháng), you must understand its place within a family of related terms. Each has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different situations.
1. 弥补 (míbǔ) - To make up for / To remedy
弥补 is often used for abstract things like mistakes, gaps, or regrets. It literally means 'to fill a crack.' You '弥补过失' (make up for a mistake) or '弥补亏空' (fill a deficit). It is less about money and more about the action of fixing a problem.
勤奋可以弥补天资的不足。
2. 赔偿 (pèicháng) - To compensate / To pay damages
As discussed, this is the legal cousin of 补偿. It is used when someone is responsible for damage. If you break a window, you 赔偿. If you lose someone's book, you 赔偿.
3. 抵消 (dǐxiāo) - To offset / To cancel out
抵消 is used when two opposing forces or amounts balance each other out. For example, '收益抵消了成本' (The gains offset the costs). It is more mathematical and less about 'restitution' than 补偿.
- Comparison Table
Word Focus Context 补偿 Restoring balance General/Economic 赔偿 Liability/Fault Legal/Accidents 弥补 Filling a gap Abstract/Mistakes
4. 酬报 (chóubào) - To reward / To remunerate
This is used when giving something in return for a service or favor. It is positive, whereas 补偿 usually starts from a negative state (a loss).
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
The use of '以...作为...' (Using ... as ...)
Passive voice with '得到' (To receive/get)
Compound nouns in Chinese business contexts
Resultative complements (e.g., 补偿回来)
Adverbial phrases with '通过' (Through/By means of)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
我给你这个，作为补偿。
I give you this as compensation.
Simple 'A gives B as compensation' structure.
他补偿了我的时间。
He compensated for my time.
Subject + Verb + Object.
对不起，我会补偿你的。
Sorry, I will make it up to you.
Future tense with '会'.
这是一种补偿。
This is a kind of compensation.
Noun usage with '是'.
老师补偿了我们的课。
The teacher made up our class.
Past action (implied).
你需要补偿吗？
Do you need compensation?
Simple question.
没有补偿，我不开心。
Without compensation, I am not happy.
Conditional 'without'.
他给我钱来补偿。
He gave me money to compensate.
Verb phrase '来补偿'.
公司给了他加班补偿。
The company gave him overtime compensation.
Compound noun '加班补偿'.
他用礼物补偿他的女朋友。
He used a gift to compensate his girlfriend.
Using '用...补偿...'.
我们要补偿农民的损失。
We need to compensate the farmers' losses.
Verb + Object (possessive).
这笔钱是给你的补偿金。
This money is your compensation fund.
Specific noun '补偿金'.
他想补偿过去犯的错。
He wants to make up for past mistakes.
Verb + Abstract object.
得到补偿后，他离开了。
After getting compensation, he left.
Time clause with '后'.
这种补偿是不够的。
This kind of compensation is not enough.
Adjective '不够'.
政府会提供合理的补偿。
The government will provide reasonable compensation.
Formal verb '提供'.
心理补偿可以让人感觉好一些。
Psychological compensation can make people feel better.
Psychological term '心理补偿'.
他通过努力工作来补偿天资的不足。
He works hard to compensate for his lack of talent.
Using '通过...来补偿...'.
这份合同包含了经济补偿条款。
This contract includes economic compensation clauses.
Professional noun '经济补偿条款'.
失去的青春是无法补偿的。
Lost youth cannot be compensated for.
Passive potential '无法补偿'.
由于航班延误，航空公司给予了乘客补偿。
Due to the flight delay, the airline gave passengers compensation.
Formal cause-effect '由于...给予...'.
他把奖金当做是对家人的补偿。
He treated the bonus as compensation for his family.
Using '把...当做...'.
这种做法是为了补偿生态环境。
This practice is to compensate the ecological environment.
Environmental term '生态环境'.
你认为这种补偿方案公平吗？
Do you think this compensation plan is fair?
Noun '补偿方案' (plan/scheme).
该地区的生态补偿机制已经初步建立。
The ecological compensation mechanism in this region has been initially established.
Complex noun '生态补偿机制'.
法律规定，拆迁必须给予合理的货币补偿。
The law stipulates that relocation must be given reasonable monetary compensation.
Legal term '货币补偿'.
他试图通过疯狂购物来获得某种心理补偿。
He tried to gain some kind of psychological compensation through frantic shopping.
Verb '获得' + Noun.
这种技术具有自动温度补偿功能。
This technology has an automatic temperature compensation function.
Technical term '温度补偿'.
为了补偿由于原材料涨价带来的损失，公司提高了售价。
To compensate for the losses caused by the rising price of raw materials, the company raised prices.
Purpose clause '为了补偿...'.
受害者家属要求获得精神补偿。
The victim's family demanded spiritual/mental compensation.
Abstract noun '精神补偿'.
这种生理补偿现象在医学上很常见。
This physiological compensation phenomenon is very common in medicine.
Scientific term '生理补偿'.
保险公司拒绝了其关于间接损失的补偿请求。
The insurance company rejected their request for compensation for indirect losses.
Formal noun '补偿请求'.
阿德勒认为，自卑感是追求补偿的动力。
Adler believed that the feeling of inferiority is the driving force for seeking compensation.
Psychological theory context.
政府应完善跨区域的生态补偿政策。
The government should improve cross-regional ecological compensation policies.
Policy-level vocabulary.
这种补偿性增长往往出现在经济衰退之后。
This compensatory growth often occurs after an economic recession.
Economic term '补偿性增长'.
在文学创作中，虚构往往是对现实匮乏的一种补偿。
In literary creation, fiction is often a compensation for the deficiencies of reality.
Abstract philosophical usage.
该法案旨在通过税收优惠来补偿小微企业的运营成本。
The bill aims to compensate the operating costs of small and micro enterprises through tax incentives.
Formal legislative language.
他的成功在某种程度上是对童年不幸的补偿。
His success is, to some extent, a compensation for his childhood misfortunes.
Deep personal reflection.
系统必须具备误差补偿能力以确保精度。
The system must have error compensation capability to ensure precision.
Engineering term '误差补偿'.
法律上的补偿原则旨在恢复受损方的利益平衡。
The legal principle of compensation aims to restore the balance of interests of the damaged party.
Legal principle '补偿原则'.
历史的演进往往带有一种宏观的补偿机制。
The evolution of history often carries a macro-level compensation mechanism.
Philosophical macro-perspective.
在热力学中，能量的转化遵循某种补偿规律。
In thermodynamics, the transformation of energy follows a certain law of compensation.
Scientific law context.
这种艺术风格是对工业化冷漠感的一种审美补偿。
This artistic style is an aesthetic compensation for the coldness of industrialization.
Aesthetic criticism.
全球治理中的利益补偿是一个极其复杂的政治议题。
Interest compensation in global governance is an extremely complex political issue.
Global political context.
补偿性正义是现代法律哲学中的核心概念之一。
Compensatory justice is one of the core concepts in modern legal philosophy.
Academic term '补偿性正义'.
他的一生都在试图通过功名来补偿灵魂深处的空虚。
He spent his whole life trying to compensate for the emptiness deep in his soul through fame and fortune.
Literary existentialism.
自然界的生态平衡依赖于物种间的相互补偿与制约。
The ecological balance of nature depends on mutual compensation and restraint between species.
Advanced biological description.
该理论探讨了在资源稀缺条件下如何实现社会福利的补偿性分配。
The theory explores how to achieve compensatory distribution of social welfare under conditions of resource scarcity.
Economic/Sociological theory.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
补偿 is often seen as 'making things right' rather than 'paying a fine'.
In slang, people might talk about '报复性消费' as a form of extreme psychological compensation.
- Using 补偿 when you broke someone's window (Use 赔偿).
- Saying 补偿信息 when you mean 'add more information' (Use 补充).
- Using 补偿 me (English word order) instead of 补偿我.
- Forgetting the second tone on 偿 (cháng) and saying 'chàng' instead.
- Using 补偿 for a simple 'thank you' reward (Use 报酬 or 奖励).
نکات
Verb-Noun Flexibility
Remember that 补偿 can be both a verb and a noun. You can 'give compensation' (给予补偿) or 'compensate someone' (补偿某人). This flexibility makes it a very powerful word in your vocabulary. Always check the context to see which role it's playing.
Pair with 损失
The most common object for 补偿 is 损失 (sǔnshī - loss). If you learn the phrase '补偿损失' (compensate for losses), you'll be able to use it in 80% of professional situations. It's a high-frequency collocation that sounds very natural. Practice saying it until it becomes second nature.
Demolition Context
If you see the character '拆' (chāi) on a wall in China, the word 补偿 is never far away. Relocation compensation is a huge part of modern Chinese history. Understanding this context will help you understand news reports and social discussions. It's more than just a word; it's a social phenomenon.
Psychological Use
Don't be afraid to use 补偿 in a psychological sense. Terms like '补偿心理' are very common in Chinese social media to explain why people behave in certain ways. For example, 'revenge spending' after a lockdown is often called a form of 补偿. It adds depth to your conversations.
Bǔcháng vs Pèicháng
In a legal dispute, choosing between 补偿 and 赔偿 is crucial. Use 补偿 if you want to sound more conciliatory and neutral. Use 赔偿 if you are demanding justice for a specific fault. Native speakers are very sensitive to this distinction in formal settings.
Workplace Rights
Knowing the term '经济补偿金' is essential for anyone working in China. It is your legal right in many termination scenarios. Being able to use this word correctly in an HR meeting shows that you are professional and aware of your rights. It's a 'power word' in business.
The 'Make it up' Phrase
In daily life, use '我会补偿你的' (I'll make it up to you) to show sincerity. It's a polite way to acknowledge that you've caused a minor inconvenience. It sounds much more sincere than a simple 'sorry.' It implies an action will follow the apology.
Formal Reports
When writing reports, use '补偿机制' (compensation mechanism) to describe how a system handles errors or losses. It sounds very academic and professional. It shows you have a high-level command of abstract Chinese concepts. This is great for HSK 5/6 level writing.
Tone Check
Pay attention to the third tone in 'bǔ'. Sometimes in fast speech, it can sound like a second tone due to tone sandhi if followed by another third tone, but here 'cháng' is second tone, so 'bǔ' stays a full third tone. Clear tones help distinguish it from '补充'.
The 'Balance' Concept
Always keep the image of a balance scale in your mind. 补偿 is the act of adding weight to the side that has lost something. This mental image will help you apply the word correctly across financial, emotional, and technical contexts. It's all about equilibrium.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
بافت فرهنگی
Giving compensation is often a way to save face for both parties after a conflict.
China's legal system has increasingly formalized compensation standards to reduce social unrest.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"如果公司要求你加班，你更想要加班费还是调休补偿？"
"你觉得金钱能补偿失去的时间吗？"
"在你的国家，拆迁补偿的标准是什么？"
"你曾经为了补偿某人而做过什么特别的事吗？"
"你认为心理补偿对缓解压力有帮助吗？"
موضوعات نگارش
描述一次你觉得需要补偿别人的经历。
讨论一下你对‘勤能补拙’（勤奋可以补偿天资不足）的看法。
如果你得到一笔巨额的拆迁补偿，你会如何规划你的生活？
写一段关于现代社会中‘心理补偿’现象的观察。
分析为什么在法律中区分‘补偿’和‘赔偿’很重要。
سوالات متداول
10 سوال补偿 (bǔcháng) is neutral and used when a loss occurs, like relocation or overtime. 赔偿 (pèicháng) implies that someone is at fault or broke a law, like in a car accident or breach of contract. Think of 补偿 as 'balancing' and 赔偿 as 'paying for a mistake.' Both involve giving something back, but the legal weight is different.
Yes, absolutely. You can use it to say you want to make up for lost time with your family or for missing a friend's event. It's very common in relationships. For example, 'I'll take you on a trip to compensate for being so busy.' It shows you value the relationship and want to restore the emotional balance.
It can be both. It is the standard term in legal and business documents (very formal). However, it is also used in daily conversation between friends and family (informal). Its versatility is one of its key features. You will see it in a contract and hear it at a dinner table.
It means 'psychological compensation.' This is a concept where people try to make up for a perceived weakness or a stressful situation in one area of life by over-indulging in another. For example, someone who hates their job might buy very expensive clothes as a 'psychological compensation' for their unhappiness at work.
You say '加班补偿' (jiābān bǔcháng). This can refer to either '加班费' (overtime pay) or '调休' (compensatory time off). In many Chinese companies, discussing the '补偿方式' (method of compensation) for extra work is a common part of the job.
Yes, it is used in biology and engineering. In biology, it refers to an organ growing larger to do the work of a damaged one. In engineering, it refers to adjusting a system to account for errors like temperature or pressure changes. It always carries the idea of 'making up for a deficiency.'
Yes, it specifically refers to 'compensation money.' You will hear it most often in the context of '经济补偿金' (severance pay) when someone leaves a company. It is a very important term to know if you are working in China or dealing with Chinese labor law.
It means 'ecological compensation.' This is a policy where people or companies pay to restore or protect the environment, especially if their actions have caused environmental damage. It is a major part of China's 'Green Development' strategy and appears frequently in the news.
The most common way is 'A 补偿 B' or '补偿 + [Object]'. For example: '公司补偿了我' (The company compensated me) or '补偿损失' (compensate for the loss). You can also use it with '通过...来' to show the method: '通过给钱来补偿' (compensate by giving money).
There isn't one perfect opposite, but words like '剥夺' (bōduó - to deprive) or '损害' (sǔnhài - to damage) represent the act of creating the loss that 补偿 seeks to fix. If 补偿 is 'giving back,' then 剥夺 is 'taking away.'
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Mastering 补偿 involves understanding it as a tool for 'restoring balance.' Whether you are paying an employee for extra hours or taking a friend out to dinner after missing their party, you are performing an act of 补偿 to maintain harmony.
- 补偿 (bǔcháng) means to compensate or make up for a loss, whether it is financial, emotional, or physical.
- It is used as both a verb and a noun in formal and informal contexts across Chinese society.
- Key differences exist between 补偿 (neutral compensation) and 赔偿 (legal liability for fault).
- Commonly found in news about housing, workplace discussions on overtime, and personal apologies.
Verb-Noun Flexibility
Remember that 补偿 can be both a verb and a noun. You can 'give compensation' (给予补偿) or 'compensate someone' (补偿某人). This flexibility makes it a very powerful word in your vocabulary. Always check the context to see which role it's playing.
Pair with 损失
The most common object for 补偿 is 损失 (sǔnshī - loss). If you learn the phrase '补偿损失' (compensate for losses), you'll be able to use it in 80% of professional situations. It's a high-frequency collocation that sounds very natural. Practice saying it until it becomes second nature.
Demolition Context
If you see the character '拆' (chāi) on a wall in China, the word 补偿 is never far away. Relocation compensation is a huge part of modern Chinese history. Understanding this context will help you understand news reports and social discussions. It's more than just a word; it's a social phenomenon.
Psychological Use
Don't be afraid to use 补偿 in a psychological sense. Terms like '补偿心理' are very common in Chinese social media to explain why people behave in certain ways. For example, 'revenge spending' after a lockdown is often called a form of 补偿. It adds depth to your conversations.
مثال
公司向受伤的工人支付了补偿金。
محتوای مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
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B1رعایت کردن یا پیروی از قوانین، مقررات یا توافقنامهها. به عنوان مثال، رعایت قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی.
约束
B1محدودیت یا فشار بر اعمال یا رفتار کسی؛ عمل تحت کنترل نگه داشتن چیزی.
版权
B1حق تکثیر یا حق چاپ، حق قانونی انحصاری است که به خالق یک اثر اصلی داده میشود تا استفاده و توزیع آن را کنترل کند. در فارسی به آن 'حق تکثیر' یا 'حق مؤلف' میگویند.
著作权
B1حق تکثیر حق قانونی است که به پدیدآورنده یک اثر داده میشود.
法院
B1دادگاه نهادی است که به اختلافات قانونی رسیدگی میکند.
犯罪
B1واژه '犯罪' به معنای مرتکب شدن جرم یا عملی است که توسط قانون مجازات میشود.
剥夺
B1محروم کردن کسی از حقوق یا اموال خود با زور یا قانون.
判定
B1تعیین کردن یا قضاوت رسمی. دادگاه حکم داد که او بیگناه است.
纠纷
B1A disagreement or argument between people, groups, or countries, often involving legal issues or property.
