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B2 verb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

推卸

tuixie
مثال‌ها 推卸 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 推卸 in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word '推卸' (tuīxiè) is quite advanced. You don't need to use it yet, but you can understand it as a way to say 'no' to a job or a duty. Imagine someone gives you a heavy box, and you push it away. That 'pushing away' is what '推' means. '卸' means to put down a load. Together, it means saying 'I won't do this' when you are supposed to. For now, just remember that it is usually used with the word '责任' (zérèn), which means 'responsibility.' If you see '推卸责任,' it means someone is trying to say 'It's not my fault' or 'I won't do my job.' It is a negative word.
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At the A2 level, you are learning more about daily life and simple work tasks. '推卸' (tuīxiè) is a verb used when someone avoids their work or blames others. In simple Chinese, you might say '他不负责任' (He is not responsible). '推卸' is a more formal and specific way to say this. It specifically means the *action* of pushing the responsibility away. You will often see it in the phrase '推卸责任' (shirk responsibility). For example, if two children break a vase and one says 'He did it!', that child is '推卸责任.' It is a useful word to understand when people are arguing about whose fault something is.
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At the B1 level, you should start recognizing '推卸' (tuīxiè) in news stories or office conversations. It is a transitive verb, which means it usually takes an object. The most common object is '责任' (responsibility). You use this word when you want to criticize someone for not taking accountability. For example, '你不能推卸你的责任' (You cannot shirk your responsibility). It is more formal than '逃避' (táobì - to escape/evade). While '逃避' can be used for escaping from a physical place or a feeling, '推卸' is almost always about duties, faults, or tasks. It implies that the person is actively trying to give their burden to someone else.
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At the B2 level, '推卸' (tuīxiè) is a key vocabulary word for professional and formal communication. You should be able to use it accurately in writing and speech. It describes evading responsibility, liability, or obligations. It is often used in the structure '把...推卸给...' (to shift... onto...). For example, '他把失败的责任推卸给同事' (He shifted the responsibility for the failure onto his colleagues). Understanding the nuance between '推卸' (to shirk), '推脱' (to make excuses to avoid), and '逃避' (to evade) is important. '推卸' carries a stronger sense of moral failing and is frequently found in legal, political, and corporate contexts.
At the C1 level, you should master the collocations and stylistic nuances of '推卸' (tuīxiè). It is frequently used in formal editorials and legal arguments. You might encounter phrases like '推卸法律责任' (evade legal liability) or '无可推卸的责任' (an unshirkable responsibility). The latter is a common high-level phrase used to emphasize that someone is definitely responsible. You should also be aware of how it functions in classical-style four-character structures or in contrast with '承担' (to assume). Using '推卸' instead of simpler words like '不负责' shows a higher command of formal Chinese register and allows for more precise expression of accountability issues.
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At the C2 level, '推卸' (tuīxiè) is a fundamental tool for nuanced discourse on ethics, law, and governance. You should understand its etymological roots in the concept of unloading a physical burden and how that metaphor applies to complex modern scenarios like corporate social responsibility or international treaty obligations. You can use it to analyze character motivations in literature or to construct sophisticated arguments in a professional setting. You should be able to distinguish it from highly specific synonyms like '推诿' (tuīwěi - to shift responsibility back and forth/prevaricate) and use it to describe systemic issues where accountability is lacking within an organization or society.
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مثال‌ها

推卸 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A formal verb meaning to shirk or evade responsibility, duties, or blame.
  • Composed of 'push' and 'unload,' creating a metaphor of pushing off a burden.
  • Primarily used in professional, legal, and serious interpersonal contexts with a negative tone.
  • Commonly paired with '责任' (responsibility), '义务' (duty), and '过错' (fault).

The Chinese verb 推卸 (tuīxiè) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe the act of shirking, evading, or pushing away responsibilities, duties, or blame. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 推 (tuī), meaning 'to push,' and 卸 (xiè), meaning 'to unload' or 'to discharge.' When combined, they paint a vivid mental picture of someone physically pushing a heavy burden off their shoulders and onto someone else's. In modern Mandarin, this is almost exclusively used in a metaphorical sense regarding moral, legal, or professional obligations.

Core Concept
The avoidance of a burden that one is rightfully expected to carry. It implies a lack of accountability and often carries a negative moral judgment.
Formal Usage
Commonly found in news reports, legal documents, and formal corporate communication to describe parties who refuse to accept liability for errors or accidents.
Interpersonal Context
Used in arguments or criticisms when one person accuses another of 'passing the buck' or failing to own up to their mistakes within a relationship or family unit.

作为一个领导者，你不能在出事时推卸责任。(As a leader, you cannot shirk responsibility when something goes wrong.)

Understanding 推卸 requires recognizing the heavy emphasis Chinese culture places on '责任' (zérèn - responsibility). To 'tuīxiè' is seen as a sign of weak character or a lack of integrity. It is rarely used for lighthearted situations; if you forget to buy milk, you might 'forget' (忘记), but if you cause a car accident and blame the weather, you are '推卸责任'.

他总是试图把过错推卸给别人。(He is always trying to shift the blame onto others.)

Furthermore, 推卸 is often paired with specific objects. The most common is 责任 (responsibility), followed by 过错 (fault/mistake) and 义务 (obligation). It is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always acts upon an object. You don't just '推卸'; you '推卸' something specific. This distinguishes it from '逃避' (táobì - to escape/evade), which can be used more generally without a direct object in some contexts.

面对困难，我们绝不推卸应尽的义务。(In the face of difficulties, we will never shirk our due obligations.)

In a broader societal sense, 推卸 is frequently used in political discourse. When governments or organizations fail to address public concerns, the media may accuse them of '推卸责任'. This highlights the word's role in holding power to account. It suggests a deliberate, conscious effort to avoid what is right or necessary.

这种推卸行为严重损害了公司的声誉。(This act of shirking has seriously damaged the company's reputation.)

法律不容许任何人推卸法律责任。(The law does not allow anyone to evade legal responsibility.)

To master 推卸 (tuīxiè), one must understand its syntactic environment. It is almost always followed by a noun representing a burden. The most common structure is Subject + 推卸 + (Object). While the object is usually present, the verb can stand alone in responses where the context is clear.

Pattern 1: The Direct Object
The most standard usage. Example: 他试图推卸责任。 (He tried to shirk responsibility.) Here, '责任' is the direct object being 'pushed away.'
Pattern 2: The 'Shift To' Structure
Often used with '给' (gěi) to indicate who the burden is being pushed onto. Example: 把责任推卸给别人。 (Shift the responsibility to others.)
Pattern 3: Negation for Integrity
Used with '绝不' (juébù - absolutely not) or '不能' (bùnéng - cannot) to express commitment. Example: 我绝不推卸。 (I will absolutely not shirk.)

Let's explore the nuances through specific sentence examples. Notice how the tone is consistently serious and often critical.

1. 面对错误，我们应该勇敢承担，而不是一味推卸。(Facing mistakes, we should courageously take them on, rather than constantly shirking.)

This example uses '一味' (yīwèi), which means 'blindly' or 'persistently,' to emphasize a habitual avoidance of accountability. It contrasts '承担' (chéngdān - to undertake) with '推卸'.

2. 这项工作的失败，每个人都有责任，谁也无法推卸。(Everyone is responsible for the failure of this task; no one can shirk it.)

Here, the object is implied. Because '责任' was mentioned in the first clause, it doesn't need to be repeated after '推卸'. This is common in complex sentences to avoid redundancy.

3. 政府不能推卸改善民生的义务。(The government cannot shirk its obligation to improve people's livelihoods.)

In this political context, '义务' (yìwù - obligation/duty) replaces '责任'. This shifts the focus from 'who is to blame' to 'what is required by duty'.

4. 他为了推卸罪责，竟然编造了谎言。(In order to evade criminal responsibility, he actually fabricated lies.)

This sentence introduces '罪责' (zuìzé - guilt/culpability), a more severe term than '责任'. It implies a legal or criminal context where the stakes are much higher.

5. 这种互相推卸的做法只会让问题变得更糟。(This practice of mutual shirking will only make the problem worse.)

'互相推卸' (hùxiāng tuīxiè) describes a situation where multiple parties blame each other, effectively creating a stalemate of accountability. This is a very common phrase in organizational critiques.

While 推卸 (tuīxiè) is a B2-level word, its presence in daily life is significant, particularly in media, professional environments, and serious discussions. You are unlikely to hear it in a casual chat about what to eat for dinner, but you will hear it frequently in the following scenarios.

News and Media
Whenever there is a public scandal, a product recall, or a policy failure, journalists use '推卸' to describe the reactions of those involved. Headlines like '企业不应推卸社会责任' (Enterprises should not shirk social responsibility) are common.
Legal and Judicial Settings
In courtrooms or police reports, '推卸' is used to describe a defendant's attempt to deny their role in a crime or accident. It is a technical term for evading liability.
Workplace Performance Reviews
Managers might use this word in feedback sessions if an employee consistently blames others for project delays. It's a heavy word used to signal a need for behavioral change.

Consider the dialogue in a high-stakes business meeting. If a project fails, the conversation might go like this:

A: 为什么这个项目的进度落后了？(Why is this project behind schedule?)
B: 是市场部的资料给得太晚了。(The Marketing Department gave us the data too late.)
A: 别再推卸责任了，我们也需要检讨自己的流程。(Stop shirking responsibility; we also need to review our own processes.)

In this scenario, Person A uses '推卸' to cut through excuses and demand a more honest assessment of the team's internal failures. This usage is direct and corrective.

You will also encounter 推卸 in literature and film, particularly in dramas involving family conflicts or political intrigue. It serves as a tool for characterization—a character who frequently '推卸' is often portrayed as weak-willed or villainous.

电影中，那个反派总是把所有的坏事都推卸给他的手下。(In the movie, the villain always shifts all the bad deeds onto his subordinates.)

Finally, in educational settings, teachers use this word to instill a sense of responsibility in students. A teacher might say: '学习是你自己的事，不能因为考试难就推卸努力的义务' (Studying is your own business; you can't shirk the duty of hard work just because the exam is hard).

面对家长的质问，他无法推卸照顾孩子的责任。(Facing the parents' questioning, he could not shirk the responsibility of caring for the child.)

For English speakers, the primary challenge with 推卸 (tuīxiè) is distinguishing it from other verbs related to avoidance or refusal. While 'shirk' and 'evade' are good translations, they don't cover all the nuances of the Chinese term.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical objects
Because '推' (tuī) means 'to push,' beginners sometimes try to use '推卸' to mean 'push away a physical object.' This is incorrect. Use '推开' (tuīkāi) for physical pushing. '推卸' is strictly for abstract burdens like responsibility.
Mistake 2: Confusing with '拒绝' (jùjué)
'拒绝' means 'to refuse' or 'to reject.' If someone offers you a gift and you say no, you '拒绝' it. You don't '推卸' it. '推卸' implies you already have the responsibility (or are supposed to have it) and are trying to get rid of it.
Mistake 3: Confusing with '逃避' (táobì)
'逃避' means 'to escape' or 'to evade.' While similar, '逃避' is broader. You can '逃避现实' (escape reality) or '逃避困难' (evade difficulties). '推卸' is more specific to accountability and blame.

Let's look at an incorrect usage to clarify:

Incorrect: 他推卸了我的邀请。(He shirked my invitation.)
Correct: 他拒绝了我的邀请。(He rejected my invitation.)

In the incorrect example, an invitation is not a burden or a responsibility you are trying to unload; it is a proposal you are declining. '推卸' does not fit here.

Incorrect: 别推卸去上学。(Don't shirk going to school.)
Correct: 别逃避去上学。(Don't evade going to school.)

In this case, 'going to school' is an action. As mentioned before, '推卸' prefers nouns over verbal phrases. '逃避' is the correct choice for avoiding an activity or a situation.

Another common error is the word order when using '给' (gěi). You must say '推卸责任给某人' or '把责任推卸给某人'. Placing the person before the verb without the correct prepositional structure is a frequent mistake for learners.

正确的结构：不要把你的过错推卸给同事。(Correct structure: Don't shift your faults onto colleagues.)

To truly sound like a native speaker, you need to know when to use 推卸 (tuīxiè) and when to opt for a synonym. Each of these alternatives has a specific 'flavor' and context.

1. 逃避 (táobì) - To Evade/Escape
Difference: '逃避' is more general. It can mean running away from a physical danger, an emotional reality, or a responsibility. '推卸' is specifically about shifting a burden away from oneself.
Example: 他在逃避现实。(He is escaping reality.)
2. 推脱 (tuītuō) - To Evade/Make Excuses
Difference: '推脱' often implies using excuses to decline a request or a task. It's slightly less heavy than '推卸.' If someone asks you to help and you say you're too busy (even if you're not), you are '推脱.'
Example: 他推脱说身体不舒服。(He made an excuse saying he didn't feel well.)
3. 撇清 (piēqīng) - To Clear Oneself/Disassociate
Difference: '撇清' is used when someone tries to clarify that they have no connection to a bad situation. It's about 'cleaning' one's reputation rather than just pushing away a task.
Example: 他想撇清跟这件事的关系。(He wants to clear himself of any connection to this matter.)
4. 甩锅 (shuǎiguō) - To Pass the Buck (Slang)
Difference: This is a very common modern slang term. It's the informal version of '推卸责任.' Use it with friends or on the internet, but avoid it in formal reports.
Example: 出了事就知道甩锅。(When something happens, all they know is how to pass the buck.)

Choosing the right word depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance of the 'avoidance.' If it's a formal accusation of failing one's duty, use 推卸. If it's a casual mention of someone making excuses, use 推脱.

比较：
1. 推卸责任 (Serious/Formal: Shirking responsibility)
2. 推脱请求 (Polite/Informal: Declining a request with an excuse)

In summary, 推卸 is your go-to word for serious discussions about accountability. It carries the weight of moral judgment and is a key term in professional and legal Chinese.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

他不推卸责任。

He does not shirk responsibility.

Simple Subject + Negation + Verb + Object.

2

不要推卸。

Don't shirk.

Imperative sentence with negation '不要'.

3

这是你的责任，不能推卸。

This is your responsibility; you cannot shirk it.

Using '不能' to show inability or prohibition.

4

谁在推卸责任？

Who is shirking responsibility?

Interrogative sentence with '谁'.

5

我不会推卸责任。

I will not shirk responsibility.

Future intent with '不会'.

6

他喜欢推卸责任。

He likes to shirk responsibility.

Verb '喜欢' followed by another verb phrase.

7

请不要推卸过错。

Please do not shirk your faults.

Polite request using '请'.

8

推卸是不好的。

Shirking is not good.

The verb phrase acts as the subject.

1

你应该承担责任，而不是推卸。

You should take responsibility, not shirk it.

Using '而不是' to show contrast.

2

他把错都推卸给我了。

He shifted all the blame onto me.

The '把' structure with '给' to show direction.

3

我们不能对孩子推卸教育的责任。

We cannot shirk the responsibility of educating children.

Preposition '对' indicates the target.

4

公司在推卸这次事故的责任。

The company is shirking responsibility for this accident.

Progressive aspect with '在'.

5

你是在推卸你的义务吗？

Are you shirking your duty?

The '是...吗' structure for confirmation.

6

谁也别想推卸责任。

No one should even think about shirking responsibility.

Using '谁也别想' to mean 'no one should even try'.

7

他总是找借口推卸工作。

He always finds excuses to shirk work.

Sequential verbs: find excuses to shirk.

8

推卸责任的人不可信。

People who shirk responsibility are not trustworthy.

The '...的人' structure creates a noun phrase.

1

作为一个成年人，你不能推卸应尽的义务。

As an adult, you cannot shirk your due obligations.

Using '作为一个...' to establish context/role.

2

他试图通过谎言来推卸法律责任。

He tried to evade legal responsibility through lies.

Using '通过...来' to show the means/method.

3

面对困难，我们绝不推卸，绝不退缩。

In the face of difficulties, we will never shirk and never shrink back.

Parallel structure with '绝不'.

4

这种互相推卸的行为只会让团队分裂。

This behavior of mutual shirking will only divide the team.

Noun phrase '互相推卸的行为' as the subject.

5

他把所有的过错都推卸到了天气头上。

He shifted all the fault onto the weather.

Colloquial use of '...头上' to indicate who/what is blamed.

6

政府有不可推卸的责任来保护环境。

The government has an unshirkable responsibility to protect the environment.

The fixed phrase '不可推卸的责任'.

7

你不能因为害怕失败就推卸挑战。

You can't shirk the challenge just because you're afraid of failure.

Using '因为...就...' to show cause and effect.

8

他在会议上公开推卸了之前的承诺。

He publicly shirked his previous promises at the meeting.

Adverb '公开' (publicly) modifying the verb.

1

任何试图推卸责任的行为都将受到严惩。

Any act of attempting to shirk responsibility will be severely punished.

Formal structure '任何...都将...'.

2

由于管理不善，他无法推卸对公司亏损的责任。

Due to poor management, he cannot shirk responsibility for the company's losses.

Using '由于' (due to) to explain the reason.

3

他总是巧妙地推卸那些繁琐的任务。

He always cleverly shirks those tedious tasks.

Adverb '巧妙地' (cleverly) modifying the verb.

4

双方在事故责任认定上互相推卸。

Both parties shifted responsibility onto each other regarding the accident determination.

Using '在...上' to specify the domain/topic.

5

这种推卸责任的做法在职场中是非常忌讳的。

This practice of shirking responsibility is a major taboo in the workplace.

Using '是...的' for emphasis and categorization.

6

他编造了一个复杂的借口来推卸去外地出差的义务。

He fabricated a complex excuse to shirk the obligation of going on a business trip.

Using '来' to indicate purpose.

7

面对媒体的质问，发言人并没有推卸责任。

Facing questioning from the media, the spokesperson did not shirk responsibility.

Using '并没有' for strong negation of an expected action.

8

我们应当建立一套机制，防止有人推卸责任。

We should establish a mechanism to prevent people from shirking responsibility.

Using '防止' (prevent) followed by a clause.

1

这种官僚主义作风导致部门之间互相推卸，效率低下。

This bureaucratic style leads to mutual shirking between departments and low efficiency.

Using '导致' (lead to) to show a negative consequence.

2

在重大利益面前，有些人往往会推卸道义上的责任。

In the face of significant interests, some people often shirk their moral responsibilities.

Using '往往会' to describe a common tendency.

3

法律规定，生产者不得推卸产品质量缺陷导致的赔偿责任。

The law stipulates that producers shall not shirk liability for compensation caused by product quality defects.

Formal legal language '不得' (shall not).

4

他这种推卸责任的行为，实际上是缺乏担当的表现。

His behavior of shirking responsibility is, in fact, a manifestation of a lack of commitment.

Using '实际上是...的表现' for deep analysis.

5

我们必须明确各自的权责，以免在出问题时互相推卸。

We must clarify our respective powers and responsibilities to avoid mutual shirking when problems arise.

Using '以免' (to avoid/lest) to show purpose.

6

虽然他口头上承认错误，但行动上却在不停地推卸。

Although he admits his mistakes verbally, he keeps shirking them in his actions.

Contrast between '口头上' (verbally) and '行动上' (in action).

7

历史的责任是不容推卸的。

Historical responsibility cannot be shirked.

The '不容...' structure meaning 'not allowed' or 'cannot be'.

8

他试图把失败的所有因素都推卸给客观环境。

He tried to shift all factors of failure onto the objective environment.

Using '客观环境' (objective environment) as a formal term for external factors.

1

在全球气候治理中，发达国家不应推卸其历史排放责任。

In global climate governance, developed countries should not shirk their historical emission responsibilities.

Complex noun phrase '历史排放责任' (historical emission responsibility).

2

这种系统性的推卸责任，反映了组织内部问责机制的缺失。

This systemic shirking of responsibility reflects a lack of accountability mechanisms within the organization.

Using '反映了' (reflects) to analyze a phenomenon.

3

他以一种极其隐晦的方式推卸了自己在决策失误中的角色。

He shirked his role in the decision-making error in an extremely subtle way.

Adverbial phrase '以一种极其隐晦的方式' (in an extremely subtle way).

4

任何国家都不能在国际义务面前推卸其应有的担当。

No country can shirk its due commitment in the face of international obligations.

Using '应有的担当' (due commitment) as a formal object.

5

这种推卸不仅仅是个人的道德瑕疵，更是社会契约的崩塌。

This shirking is not just an individual moral flaw, but a collapse of the social contract.

The '不仅仅是...更是...' (not only... but also...) structure for escalation.

6

辩护律师试图通过技术性手段为被告推卸刑事责任。

The defense lawyer tried to shirk criminal responsibility for the defendant through technical means.

Using '为...推卸' to show doing the action for someone else.

7

在公共危机中，信息的透明度是防止推卸责任的关键。

In a public crisis, information transparency is the key to preventing the shirking of responsibility.

Abstract noun phrase as the subject.

8

他那种娴熟的推卸技巧，让人感叹其职场生存之道的圆滑。

His skillful shirking techniques make one marvel at the slickness of his workplace survival strategies.

Using '让人感叹' (makes one marvel/sigh) to express a complex reaction.

ترکیب‌های رایج

推卸责任
推卸义务
推卸过错
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