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A2 adjective 9 دقیقه مطالعه

难受

Q: Can I use '难受' to say a chair is uncomfortable?

Usually, '不舒服' is better for objects like chairs or beds. '难受' is better if the chair is causing you actual physical distress or pain.

Q: Is '难受' a formal word?

It is neutral. It can be used in casual conversation, at the doctor's office, or in a formal written report about someone's condition.

Q: What is the difference between '难过' and '难受'?

'难过' is almost always emotional (sadness). '难受' can be physical (nausea/illness) OR emotional (sadness/guilt).

Q: Can I say '我很难受你'?

No. '难受' is an adjective, not a transitive verb. You should say '你让我很难受' (You make me feel bad).

Q: How do I say 'I feel so bad I want to die'?

You can say '我难受死了' (Informal) or '我难受得想死' (Dramatic/Strong).

Q: Can '难受' mean 'hard to receive' literally?

Yes, but only in very specific, rare contexts. In 99% of cases, it means 'uncomfortable' or 'distressed'.

Q: Is it okay to use '难受' with '太'?

Yes, '太难受了' is very common and means 'too uncomfortable' or 'really distressing'.

Q: Can I use '难受' for a difficult exam?

No, use '难' (nán) for difficulty. Use '难受' for the bad feeling you have *after* failing the exam.

Q: Does '心里难受' always mean sadness?

Mostly, but it can also mean guilt, regret, or a general sense of unease and worry.

Q: Is '难受' used in slang?

Yes, the '蓝瘦香菇' (Blue Thin Mushroom) meme is a famous example of slang usage.

nanshou

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 难受 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 难受 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn '难受' (nánshòu) as a simple way to say you don't feel well. Think of it as the opposite of 'happy' or 'comfortable.' In very basic Chinese, you might already know '我不舒服' (I am not comfortable). '难受' is a step up from that. It is mostly used to describe physical feelings like having a cold or a stomach ache. For an A1 learner, focus on the sentence pattern '我很难受' (Wǒ hěn nánshòu), which means 'I feel bad.' You can use this if you are sick or if you are sad because you lost your favorite pen. It is a very useful word to tell a teacher or a friend when you need help or want to go home. Remember the characters: '难' (hard) and '受' (to receive). It's literally 'hard to receive' the current situation. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just use it with '很' (hěn) to describe how you feel right now.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '难受' to distinguish between physical illness and emotional feelings. You should be able to specify which part of your body feels bad, such as '肚子难受' (stomach feels bad) or '头难受' (head feels bad). You will also encounter it in social situations, like when someone says something mean and it makes you feel '心里难受' (xīnlǐ nánshòu - bad in your heart). This is an important distinction at this level. You should also start noticing the word in negative sentences like '我不难受' (I don't feel bad). At A2, you are expected to understand that '难受' is an adjective and doesn't need the word 'is' (是). Instead, use '很' or '太.' For example, '今天太热了，我很难受' (Today is too hot, I feel very uncomfortable). This helps you describe your environment and its effect on you.

For B1 learners, '难受' becomes a tool for more nuanced expression. You should be using the '得' (de) construction to describe the degree of your discomfort. For example, '我难受得说不出话来' (I feel so bad I can't speak). You should also be able to use it in the '让/使...难受' pattern, which means 'to make someone feel bad.' For instance, '他的话让我很难受' (His words made me feel very distressed). At this level, you should also understand the difference between '难受' and its synonyms like '伤心' (sad) and '不舒服' (unwell). While '不舒服' is often just a physical state, '难受' often implies a level of suffering or emotional weight. You might hear it in movies or songs to describe the pain of a breakup. You should also be comfortable using it in the past tense or in hypothetical situations, such as '如果他没来，我会很难受' (If he didn't come, I would feel very bad).

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At the B2 level, you should understand '难受' in more abstract and formal contexts. It's not just about a stomach ache anymore; it's about existential or social discomfort. You might use it to describe a tense atmosphere in a meeting or the guilt felt after making a moral mistake. You should be familiar with common idioms and four-character phrases that involve similar concepts, even if '难受' itself isn't in the idiom (like 坐立难安 - restless). You should be able to discuss the word's usage in literature or news reports, where it might describe the '难受' (suffering) of a population during a crisis. B2 learners should also be able to use '难受' to provide comfort to others, using phrases like '别难受了，一切都会好的' (Don't feel bad, everything will be fine). You are expected to have a firm grasp of the word's register—knowing that it is common in speech but can also appear in descriptive writing to add emotional depth.

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At the C1 level, you should have a sophisticated understanding of '难受' as a reflection of psychological states. You can use it to analyze characters in a novel, discussing why a particular event caused them '难受' and how that differs from '委屈' (feeling wronged) or '愧疚' (guilt). You should be able to use the word in complex sentence structures, including those involving inversion or literary particles. For example, '心中之难受，非笔墨所能形容' (The distress in my heart is beyond what words can describe). You should also understand the word's role in different Chinese dialects and how its intensity might be perceived differently across various regions. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are playing with its connotations to achieve specific rhetorical effects in your writing and speaking. You can also distinguish '难受' from very formal terms like '郁闷' (gloomy) or '焦躁' (anxious) with precision.

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For C2 learners, '难受' is a word whose every nuance is understood. You can identify its use in classical-style modern prose and understand how it links to the traditional Chinese view of the body-mind connection (where emotions are physically felt in the organs). You can engage in deep discussions about the cultural implications of expressing '难受' in a society that often values emotional restraint. You can use the word with perfect native-like timing and intonation, even employing it in subtle irony or sarcasm. Furthermore, you can compare '难受' with similar concepts in other languages, explaining the unique semantic space it occupies in Mandarin. Your mastery is such that you can use '难受' in a variety of registers, from the most casual slang (like the '蓝瘦' meme) to the most elevated academic discourse about human suffering and psychology.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

难受 در ۳۰ ثانیه

难受 (nánshòu) means feeling unwell physically or distressed emotionally. It literally translates to 'hard to bear,' covering everything from nausea to a broken heart.
It is an adjective, so it usually follows intensifiers like '很' (hěn) or '非常' (fēicháng). Avoid using '是' (shì) directly before it.
In a medical context, it's the standard way to describe symptoms. In social contexts, it expresses sadness, guilt, or the pain of being misunderstood.
Commonly confused with '不舒服' (milder) and '痛苦' (much stronger). It's a versatile, medium-intensity word for any negative internal state.

The Chinese word 难受 (nánshòu) is a versatile and deeply evocative adjective that every learner of Mandarin must master. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 难 (nán), meaning 'difficult' or 'hard,' and 受 (shòu), meaning 'to receive,' 'to endure,' or 'to bear.' When combined, they literally translate to 'hard to bear' or 'difficult to endure.' This literal meaning perfectly encapsulates the two primary ways the word is used in daily conversation: to describe physical discomfort and to describe emotional distress. Unlike some English words that are strictly medical or strictly psychological, 难受 bridges the gap between the body and the mind, making it an essential tool for expressing any state of being that is unpleasant or painful.

Physical Discomfort: In a physical context, 难受 describes a state of feeling unwell, though it is often less specific than saying you have a 'headache' or 'fever.' It refers to a general sense of malaise, nausea, or bodily unease. If you have eaten too much, if the air is too humid, or if you are suffering from motion sickness on a bus, you would say you feel 难受. It is the go-to word for that 'icky' feeling that makes you want to lie down and close your eyes.

我今天肚子很不难受，可能是昨晚吃坏了东西。 (My stomach feels very uncomfortable today; maybe I ate something bad last night.)

Emotional Distress: Emotionally, 难受 is used to describe feelings of sadness, regret, guilt, or heartbreak. When someone says '心里难受' (xīnlǐ nánshòu), they are literally saying their 'heart feels hard to bear.' This is used after a breakup, when losing a job, or when feeling bad for hurting someone's feelings. It is a more visceral, heavy kind of sadness than just being 'unhappy' (不开心).

Culturally, Chinese speakers use this word frequently because it is polite yet descriptive. It allows a person to express that they are struggling without necessarily having to provide a detailed medical diagnosis or a deep psychological breakdown. It is a word of empathy; when you tell a friend '我很难受,' you are inviting them to understand your current state of struggle. Whether it is the oppressive heat of a Beijing summer or the sting of a harsh criticism, 难受 is the linguistic vessel for that discomfort. It captures the universal human experience of finding a situation—internal or external—simply too much to take in stride.

Using 难受 (nánshòu) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as an adjective. In Chinese, adjectives often function like stative verbs, meaning you don't need the word 'to be' (是) before them. Instead, you typically use an intensifier like 很 (hěn - very), 非常 (fēicháng - extremely), or 特别 (tèbié - especially) to link the subject to the state of discomfort. For example, '我很难受' (Wǒ hěn nánshòu) is the standard way to say 'I feel bad' or 'I am uncomfortable.'

Subject + Adverb + 难受: This is the most common pattern. You can specify which part of you feels bad. '我的胃很难受' (My stomach feels uncomfortable) or '我心里很难受' (I feel bad in my heart/mind). Using '心里' (xīnlǐ) specifically signals emotional pain.

听到这个消息，他心里非常难受。 (Hearing this news, he felt very distressed in his heart.)

难受 + 得 + Complement: To describe the intensity or the result of the discomfort, use the '得' (de) construction. '我难受得想哭' (I feel so bad I want to cry) or '他难受得睡不着觉' (He is so uncomfortable he can't sleep). This adds a layer of descriptive power to your speech.

It is also important to note that 难受 can be used to describe the environment or a situation. For instance, '这间屋子太闷了，让人感到很难受' (This room is too stuffy; it makes people feel very uncomfortable). Here, the word describes the effect a place has on a person's physical state. In social settings, if a conversation becomes awkward or tense, you might describe the atmosphere as '让人难受.' However, for social awkwardness, '尴尬' (gāngà) is often more specific, while 难受 would describe the internal feeling of dread or unease resulting from that awkwardness. Mastering these patterns allows you to move beyond simple 'yes/no' feelings and describe the nuances of human experience.

You will encounter 难受 (nánshòu) in a wide variety of real-life scenarios, ranging from clinical settings to intimate emotional conversations. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the word's social 'flavor.' In a medical context, such as a hospital or a pharmacy, a doctor will often ask, '你哪里难受？' (Nǐ nǎlǐ nánshòu?), which translates to 'Where do you feel uncomfortable?' or 'What's bothering you?' It is the standard opening for a physical examination, inviting the patient to describe their symptoms.

Daily Life & Weather: In regions like Southern China during the 'Plum Rain' season or Northern China during a smoggy day, you will hear people complain, '天气太潮湿了，身上真难受' (The weather is too humid; my body feels really uncomfortable). It’s a common topic for small talk regarding the environment's impact on personal well-being.

坐了十个小时的车，我全身都难受。 (After a ten-hour car ride, my whole body feels uncomfortable.)

Pop Culture & Media: In C-Dramas and Mandopop songs, 难受 is a staple for expressing heartbreak. Characters often clutch their chests and say they feel 难受 because of a betrayal or a tragic parting. There was even a famous internet meme ('蓝瘦香菇' - lán shòu xiāng gū) which was a humorous mispronunciation of '难受想哭' (nánshòu xiǎng kū - feeling so bad I want to cry) by a man with a heavy accent, showing how ubiquitous the phrase is in the digital age.

In professional settings, a colleague might use it to explain why they need to leave early: '我有点儿难受，想先回家休息' (I feel a bit unwell and would like to go home and rest). It serves as a polite, non-graphic way to signal illness. You’ll also hear it in parental contexts, where a mother might ask a child, '宝宝，哪儿难受呀？' (Baby, where does it hurt/feel bad?). Its prevalence across these diverse domains—from the doctor's office to the recording studio—proves that 难受 is one of the most functional 'feeling' words in the Chinese language.

While 难受 (nánshòu) is a common word, learners often trip up on its nuances, especially when distinguishing it from other words for 'bad' or 'uncomfortable.' One of the most frequent errors is using 难受 when they actually mean 难看 (nánkàn - ugly/hard to look at) or 难听 (nántīng - unpleasant to hear). Because they all start with 难, beginners often mix them up. Remember: 难受 is about *feeling* (receiving an experience), not about appearance or sound.

Mistake 1: Over-reliance on '是' (shì): English speakers often say '我是难受' (I am uncomfortable). In Chinese, this sounds very unnatural. You should use '很' (hěn) as the linker: '我很难受.' '是' is only used for emphasis or when identifying a noun, which 难受 is not.

Incorrect: 这个衣服让我很难受。 (This clothes makes me feel bad - meaning the style is bad).
Correct: 这个衣服穿着很难受。 (This clothing is uncomfortable to wear - physically tight/scratchy).

Mistake 2: Confusing with '不舒服' (bù shūfu): While often interchangeable, '不舒服' is more general. If a chair is slightly too hard, you say it's '不舒服.' If the chair has a spike sticking out of it that causes real pain, it's '难受.' '难受' implies a higher level of distress or suffering. Using '难受' for a minor inconvenience can sound a bit dramatic.

Another mistake is using 难受 to describe a difficult task. For a difficult math problem, use '难' (nán). For a difficult life situation that causes emotional pain, use 难受. For example, '这道题很难' (This problem is hard) vs. '挂科让我很难受' (Failing the exam makes me feel bad). Finally, be careful with the negation. '不难受' means 'not feeling bad,' but it doesn't necessarily mean 'feeling great'—it's more of a neutral state. If you want to say something is pleasant, use '舒服' (shūfu) or '开心' (kāixīn).

To truly master Chinese, you need to know which 'uncomfortable' word fits the specific shade of meaning you intend. 难受 (nánshòu) is your general-purpose word, but here are some more specific alternatives and how they differ from it.

不舒服 (bù shūfu): This is the direct opposite of '舒服' (comfortable). It is the most common way to say you are feeling slightly ill or that something (like a bed) isn't cozy. It is milder and more common for physical sensations than '难受.'
痛苦 (tòngkǔ): This means 'painful' or 'suffering.' It is much stronger than '难受.' While '难受' might be the feeling of a bad day, '痛苦' is the feeling of a major life tragedy or severe chronic pain. It is more formal and literary.
伤心 (shāngxīn): Literally 'hurt heart.' This is strictly emotional and specifically refers to sadness. You can be '难受' because you have the flu, but you wouldn't be '伤心' because of the flu.

Comparison:
1. 坐这把椅子很不舒服。 (Physical discomfort/lack of comfort)
2. 想到逝去的猫，我心里很难受。 (Emotional distress/heavy heart)
3. 失去亲人是巨大的痛苦。 (Deep suffering/anguish)

In a social context, if you feel 'uncomfortable' because someone is staring at you, you might use '别扭' (bièniu), which implies a sense of awkwardness or things not being 'right.' If you feel 'uncomfortable' because you feel guilty, '内疚' (nèijiù) is the precise term. However, in all these cases, if you forget the specific word, 难受 will almost always be understood as a general expression of your negative state. It's the 'Swiss Army Knife' of negative feelings in Mandarin.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '难' (difficult) is one of the most common characters in Chinese, while '受' (receive) is often used in Buddhist texts to describe the 'sensation' (vedanā) of the five aggregates, showing a deep historical link between 'receiving' and 'feeling.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /nænˈʃəʊ/

US /nɑnˈʃoʊ/

The stress is balanced, but the falling tone on 'shou' often makes it sound more emphasized in a sentence.

هم‌قافیه با

感受 (gǎnshòu) 享受 (xiǎngshòu) 承受 (chéngshòu) 忍受 (rěnshòu) 长寿 (chángshòu) 右手 (yòushǒu) 教授 (jiàoshòu) 销售 (xiāoshòu)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'nan' as 'man'.
Using the wrong tone for 'shou' (making it flat instead of falling).
Confusing the 'sh' in 'shou' with a 's' sound.
Pronouncing 'ou' like 'oo' (shoo) instead of 'oh'.
Blending the two syllables into one.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Characters are common but '难' has many strokes.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing '难' correctly requires practice with stroke order.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you know the tones.

گوش دادن 1/5

Very frequent in daily speech, easy to recognize.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

难受很不舒服

بعداً یاد بگیرید

痛苦伤心感冒病疼

پیشرفته

委屈愧疚纠结焦虑抑郁

گرامر لازم

Adjectives as Predicates

我很难受。 (No 'is' needed).

Degree Complements with '得'

他难受得吃不下饭。

Causative Verbs '让/使'

这件事让他很难受。

Negation with '不'

我不难受。

The '了' of Change of State

我现在不难受了。 (I don't feel bad anymore.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

我很难受。

I feel very unwell/bad.

Subject + 很 + 难受

他不难受。

He does not feel bad.

Negation with '不'

你难受吗？

Do you feel unwell?

Question with '吗'

我肚子难受。

My stomach is uncomfortable.

Body part + 难受

老师，我很难受。

Teacher, I feel very unwell.

Direct address

喝点水，别难受了。

Drink some water, don't feel bad.

Imperative '别...了'

今天我很想哭，很难受。

I want to cry today, I feel very bad.

Linking two feelings

感冒了，身体难受。

Got a cold, body feels uncomfortable.

Cause and effect

这双鞋太小了，穿起来很难受。

These shoes are too small; they are uncomfortable to wear.

V + 起来 + 很难受

没考好，我心里很难受。

I didn't do well on the exam; I feel bad in my heart.

心里 + 难受

药很苦，喝了很难受。

The medicine is bitter; it feels bad after drinking it.

Verb phrase + 很难受

你哪里难受？告诉我。

Where do you feel uncomfortable? Tell me.

Interrogative '哪里'

听到这个坏消息，大家都很难受。

Hearing this bad news, everyone feels very bad.

Subject (group) + 很 + 难受

天气太闷了，让人很难受。

The weather is too stuffy, it makes one feel very uncomfortable.

让 + Person + 难受

他生病了，全身都难受。

He is sick; his whole body feels uncomfortable.

全身 + 都 + 难受

别难受了，明天会更好的。

Don't feel bad; tomorrow will be better.

Standard comforting phrase

我难受得吃不下饭。

I feel so bad that I can't eat.

难受 + 得 + Complement

看着他离开，我心里特别难受。

Watching him leave, I felt especially bad in my heart.

Present participle phrase as cause

他因为弄丢了手机而感到难受。

He feels bad because he lost his phone.

因为...而 + 感到难受

那种难受的感觉一直伴随着我。

That uncomfortable feeling has been accompanying me all along.

难受 as an attributive adjective

要是你不去，他会很难受的。

If you don't go, he will feel very bad.

Conditional '要是...会'

这种药吃了以后，胃就不那么难受了。

After taking this medicine, the stomach won't feel that bad anymore.

不那么 + 难受

虽然很难受，但我还是坚持完成了工作。

Although I felt very unwell, I still persisted in finishing the work.

虽然...但是...

看到小猫受伤，他心里真难受。

Seeing the kitten injured, he felt really bad in his heart.

Seeing [event] + 心里 + 难受

他那番讽刺的话让我难受了好几天。

His sarcastic remarks made me feel bad for several days.

难受 + Duration (好几天)

在这个充满压力的环境下工作，真让人难受。

Working in this high-pressure environment is truly uncomfortable.

让人 + 难受 as a evaluation

他难受地低下了头，一言不发。

He lowered his head in distress, not saying a word.

难受 + 地 (adverbial)

这种进退两难的处境最让人难受。

This dilemma is the most distressing situation.

Superlative '最'

心里有什么难受的事，就跟我说说吧。

If there's anything distressing in your heart, just talk to me.

难受 used to describe a 'thing' (事)

那种被误解的滋味真的很令人难受。

The feeling of being misunderstood is truly distressing.

滋味 (taste/feeling) + 令人难受

他难受得在床上翻来覆去。

He was so uncomfortable that he tossed and turned in bed.

Idiom '翻来覆去' as complement

虽然他嘴上不说，但看得出他心里很难受。

Although he doesn't say it, one can tell he feels very bad in his heart.

看得出 (can tell) + Clause

这种精神上的难受远比肉体上的疼痛更折磨人。

This mental distress is far more agonizing than physical pain.

Comparison structure '远比...更'

眼睁睁看着机会溜走，那种难受是无法言说的。

Watching the opportunity slip away, that kind of distress is unspeakable.

无法言说 (beyond words)

他极力掩饰内心的难受，强颜欢笑地面对客人。

He tried his best to hide his inner distress, facing the guests with a forced smile.

极力 (to the best of one's ability) + 掩饰 (hide)

这种由于文化冲突带来的难受，需要时间去化解。

This discomfort brought about by cultural conflict needs time to be resolved.

Due to (由于) ... brought about (带来)

每当想起那段往事，他总会感到一阵难受。

Whenever he thinks of those past events, he always feels a wave of distress.

一阵 (a burst/wave of)

在那种压抑的氛围下，每个人都感到莫名地难受。

In that oppressive atmosphere, everyone felt inexplicably uncomfortable.

莫名地 (inexplicably)

他这种欲言又止的样子，看着真让人难受。

His hesitation to speak is really painful to watch.

欲言又止 (wanting to speak but stopping)

这种难受并非源于外部压力，而是源于内心的挣扎。

This distress does not stem from external pressure, but from internal struggle.

并非...而是 (not... but rather)

余华的小说常描写底层人物那种无望的难受。

Yu Hua's novels often depict the hopeless suffering of people at the bottom of society.

Literary analysis context

这种深深的难受，已经渗透进了他的骨髓。

This deep distress has already seeped into his very marrow.

Metaphorical usage '渗透进...骨髓'

他以一种近乎自虐的方式，去体验那种难受的极致。

In an almost masochistic way, he experienced the extreme of that distress.

极致 (ultimate/extreme)

在宏大的历史叙事中，个人的难受往往被忽略了。

In grand historical narratives, individual suffering is often overlooked.

Passive voice '被忽略'

这种难受感，是他创作灵感的源泉。

This sense of distress is the source of his creative inspiration.

难受感 (noun form)

他试图在哲学中寻找慰藉，以摆脱这种挥之不去的难受。

He tried to find solace in philosophy to rid himself of this lingering distress.

挥之不去 (unshakable/lingering)

这种难受并非一时的情绪波动，而是长期的心理积淀。

This distress is not a temporary emotional fluctuation, but a long-term psychological accumulation.

积淀 (accumulation/sedimentation)

面对时代的巨变，他内心充满了无力感和难受。

Facing the great changes of the era, his heart was filled with a sense of helplessness and distress.

Abstract noun pairing

ترکیب‌های رایج

心里难受

身体难受

真难受

特别难受

别难受了

难受得想哭

让人难受

感到难受

有点难受

全身难受

عبارات رایج

难受想哭

— Feeling so bad one wants to cry. Common in internet slang.

丢了钱包，真难受想哭。

心里特别难受

— Feeling especially distressed or sad.

看到灾区的画面，我心里特别难受。

哪里难受？

— Where does it feel bad? (Standard doctor's question).

医生问我：'你哪里难受？'

别提多难受了

— Words can't describe how bad it feels.

被他当众拒绝，别提多难受了。

难受极了

— Extremely uncomfortable or distressed.

没能见到他最后一面，我难受极了。

这种滋味真难受

— This 'taste' (feeling) is really hard to bear.

被人背叛的滋味真难受。

一阵难受

— A sudden wave of discomfort or sadness.

想起往事，心头涌起一阵难受。

让人心里难受

— To make someone feel bad in their heart.

这部电影的结局真让人心里难受。

全身都不难受

— Used to describe a lack of any physical discomfort (often in health contexts).

病好了，现在全身都不难受了。

有什么好难受的？

— What is there to feel bad about? (Often used to challenge someone's sadness).

不就是输了一场球吗？有什么好难受的？

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

难受 vs 难看

Refers to appearance (ugly), not feeling.

难受 vs 难听

Refers to sound (unpleasant), not feeling.

难受 vs 难过

Very similar, but '难过' is almost exclusively emotional, while '难受' is both physical and emotional.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"坐立难安"

— Feeling so uncomfortable/anxious one can neither sit nor stand.

他在等手术结果，急得坐立难安。

Formal/Idiomatic

"撕心裂肺"

— Extreme emotional pain, as if the heart is being torn and lungs split.

她哭得撕心裂肺，让人难受。

Literary/Dramatic

"痛不欲生"

— So much pain one doesn't want to live.

痛不欲生的打击让他很难受。

Formal

"百感交集"

— Mixed feelings, often including a sense of '难受' or regret.

重回故地，他百感交集，心里很难受。

Formal

"忧心忡忡"

— Deeply worried and anxious.

面对公司的危机，他忧心忡忡，很难受。

Formal

"愁眉苦脸"

— To wear a sad, distressed face.

别整天愁眉苦脸的，看着让人难受。

Neutral

"心如刀割"

— Feeling as if the heart is being cut by a knife.

听到这个死讯，他心如刀割，难受极了。

Literary

"闷闷不乐"

— Depressed, unhappy, and silent.

他这几天一直闷闷不乐，肯定心里有难受的事。

Neutral

"如坐针毡"

— Feeling as if sitting on a rug of needles (extreme discomfort/anxiety).

在严肃的面试中，他如坐针毡，非常难受。

Idiomatic

"悲痛欲绝"

— Overwhelmed with grief.

她悲痛欲绝的样子真让人难受。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

难受 vs 不舒服

Both mean 'uncomfortable'.

'不舒服' is milder and more common for general physical malaise. '难受' is stronger and often used for emotional pain.

坐久了腿不舒服。 vs. 看到他受伤我很难受。

难受 vs 痛苦

Both involve pain.

'痛苦' is much more intense and formal. '难受' is a daily feeling; '痛苦' is a major suffering.

胃难受。 vs. 战争带来的痛苦。

难受 vs 伤心

Both mean feeling bad emotionally.

'伤心' is specifically sadness/grief. '难受' can be sadness, but also guilt, regret, or physical sickness.

丢了狗很伤心。 vs. 这里的空气让我很难受。

难受 vs 委屈

Both are negative emotions.

'委屈' specifically means you feel you've been treated unfairly. '难受' is a general bad feeling.

被冤枉很委屈。 vs. 想到没能帮忙，心里很难受。

难受 vs 尴尬

Both can be 'uncomfortable'.

'尴尬' is social awkwardness. '难受' is the internal feeling of distress caused by that awkwardness.

叫错名字很尴尬。 vs. 尴尬的气氛让人难受。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

我 + 很 + 难受。

我很难受。

[Body Part] + 很难受。

我的头很难受。

别 + 难受 + 了。

别难受了。

难受 + 得 + [Verb Phrase]。

难受得想哭。

[Event] + 让 + 我 + 很难受。

没考好让我很难受。

心里 + 感到 + 一阵 + 难受。

心里感到一阵难受。

这种 + [Noun] + 令人 + 难受。

这种压抑令人难受。

并非...而是...难受。

并非生病，而是心里难受。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

难受感 (nánshòugǎn - the feeling of discomfort)

فعل‌ها

受 (shòu - to receive/endure)

صفت‌ها

难受 (nánshòu - uncomfortable)

难看 (nánkàn - ugly)

难听 (nántīng - unpleasant sound)

مرتبط

感受

接受

忍受

承受

难过

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely common in both spoken and written Chinese.

اشتباهات رایج

我是难受。 → 我很难受。
Chinese adjectives do not need the copula '是' when serving as the predicate.
这道题很难受。 → 这道题很难。
Use '难' for difficult tasks. Use '难受' for feelings.
他难受我。 → 他让我很难受。
'难受' is an adjective and cannot take a direct object. Use '让' (make) to show cause.
这件衣服很难受。 → 这件衣服穿着很难受。
To say clothing is uncomfortable, it's better to add '穿着' (wearing) to clarify physical discomfort.
我感冒了，心里很难受。 → 我感冒了，身体很难受。
'心里' refers to emotions. For a cold, use '身体' (body) or just '很难受'.

نکات

Avoid '是'

Don't say '我是难受'. Say '我很难受'. In Chinese, adjectives function like verbs in this context.

Physical vs. Emotional

If someone looks sick, ask '哪里难受?'. If they look sad, ask '为什么难受?'.

Degree Complements

Use '难受得...' to explain the result, like '难受得想哭' or '难受得坐不住'.

Comforting Others

Saying '别难受了' is a standard way to show empathy and encourage someone to feel better.

Tones Matter

Make sure 'shòu' is a clear falling tone (4th tone). If you use the 1st tone, it sounds like 'hard to gather' (难收).

The 'Heart' Connection

Chinese often locates emotions in the heart (心里), so '心里难受' is the most common way to express emotional pain.

Meme Awareness

If you hear '蓝瘦' (lán shòu), it's a funny, intentional mispronunciation of '难受'!

Character Practice

Practice the character '难'. It is used in many other words like '困难' (difficulty) and '难道' (rhetorical marker).

Medical Use

In a hospital, '难受' is a polite way to describe any vague symptom you can't quite name.

Strength

Remember: 不舒服 < 难受 < 痛苦. Use the right one for the right level of pain.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Nan' as 'No' and 'Shou' as 'Show.' When you feel 'Nan-shou,' you have 'No Show' of happiness because you feel so bad.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person trying to carry a heavy box labeled 'LIFE.' The box is 'hard' (难) to 'receive/carry' (受), so they look '难受'.

شبکه واژگان

Sickness Sadness Heartbreak Nausea Guilt Regret Humid Weather Tight Shoes

چالش

Try to use '难受' in three different ways today: once for a physical feeling, once for an emotional feeling, and once to comfort a friend.

ریشه کلمه

The word is a compound of '难' (nán) and '受' (shòu). '难' can be traced back to Oracle Bone Script, originally referring to a type of bird, but later evolving to mean 'difficult.' '受' originally depicted two hands passing a container, meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept.'

معنای اصلی: The literal combination means 'difficult to receive' or 'hard to endure.'

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

بافت فرهنگی

While not a taboo word, using '难受' to describe someone else's situation can sometimes sound patronizing if not used with genuine empathy.

English speakers often distinguish strictly between 'I'm sick' and 'I'm sad.' Chinese speakers use '难受' to cover both, which can sometimes lead to confusion for learners who think the speaker is physically ill when they are actually emotionally distressed.

The song '难受' by various Mandopop artists. The '蓝瘦香菇' (Blue Thin Mushroom) internet meme from 2016. Frequent use in the novel 'To Live' (活着) by Yu Hua.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At the Doctor's

我肚子难受。
你哪里难受？
全身都难受。
吃了药就不难受了。

Breakups/Sadness

我心里很难受。
别难受了。
他让我很难受。
难受得想哭。

Bad Weather

天气太热，很难受。
空气不好，很难受。
潮湿让人难受。
真难受。

Travel/Motion Sickness

我晕车，很难受。
坐飞机很难受。
我想吐，很难受。
全身酸痛，真难受。

Social Awkwardness

在那儿待着很难受。
气氛让人难受。
感到很别扭、难受。
别提多难受了。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你今天看起来不太好，是不是哪里难受？"

"如果心里难受，你可以跟我聊聊。"

"你觉得这种天气难受吗？"

"看到那种新闻，你会觉得难受吗？"

"刚才那个人说的话，是不是让你很难受？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一次你感到身体非常难受的经历。 (Write about a time you felt physically very uncomfortable.)

当你心里难受的时候，你会做什么来让自己好受一点？ (What do you do to feel better when you are distressed?)

描述一个让你感到难受的环境（比如很吵的地方）。 (Describe an environment that makes you feel uncomfortable.)

你觉得身体难受和心里难受，哪种更难忍受？ (Do you think physical or emotional distress is harder to bear?)

写一段话安慰一个心里难受的朋友。 (Write a paragraph to comfort a friend who feels bad.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال