Whichever vs. Whatever : Quelle est la différence ?
Whatever c'est pour n'importe quelque chose sans limite, et Whichever c'est pour n'importe lequel parmi une petite liste bien définie.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'whichever' for a limited set of choices and 'whatever' when the options are unlimited or unknown.
- Use 'whichever' when choosing from a specific group: 'Pick whichever dress you like.'
- Use 'whatever' for anything at all: 'Do whatever makes you happy.'
- Both words mean 'it doesn't matter which/what' in the context of the sentence.
Overview
whichever et whatever.Whatever est le mot de l'illimité, de l'horizon ouvert. Il signifie « n'importe quoi » ou « quoi que ce soit », sans aucune restriction. À l'inverse, whichever est le mot de la sélection.whatever) et « choisis l'une de ces deux routes » (whichever). Comprendre cette nuance, c'est comprendre comment l'esprit anglophone catégorise les choix, et c'est ce que nous allons décortiquer ensemble pour que tu ne fasses plus jamais l'erreur.- Avec
whatever, tu indiques que le nom qui suit peut être n'importe lequel dans l'univers entier.
Whatever movie you want to watch is fine with me. (N'importe quel film au monde, peu importe lequel).- Avec
whichever, tu indiques que le nom fait partie d'une liste restreinte.
We have Netflix or Disney+; whichever service you prefer is fine. (Ici, le choix est limité à deux options).Whatever: « N'importe quoi ».
Eat whatever you like. (Mange ce que tu veux dans le frigo, tout est permis).Whichever: « N'importe lequel (parmi ceux-là) ».
There are two pens on the desk; take whichever you prefer. (Prends celui que tu veux parmi les deux).whatever. Si je te montre deux robes sur un cintre et que je te dis « Prends n'importe laquelle », c'est whichever.whichever et whatever suit une logique assez flexible, mais il y a des schémas que tu dois connaître pour sonner juste. Ces mots introduisent souvent ce qu'on appelle des noun clauses (des propositions nominales), qui agissent comme un bloc sujet ou objet dans ta phrase.Whatever/Whichever + Nom + Sujet + Verbe.Whatever car he buys, it will be fast.(Peu importe la voiture qu'il achète...)Whichever flight you choose, make sure it's direct.(Peu importe le vol que tu choisis parmi ceux qu'on a vus...)
Whatever/Whichever + Sujet + Verbe.I will do whatever it takes.(Je ferai tout ce qu'il faudra).You can have whichever is cheaper.(Tu peux prendre celui qui est le moins cher parmi les deux).
No matter)whatever ou whichever est souvent séparée par une virgule du reste de la phrase.Whatever happens, stay calm.(Quoi qu'il arrive, reste calme).Whichever team wins, the fans will celebrate.(Peu importe l'équipe qui gagne — sous-entendu, entre les deux qui jouent — les fans fêteront ça).
that après ces mots. On ne dit pas *Whatever that you want. C'est une erreur classique quand on traduit trop littéralement du français « quoi que ce soit que tu veuilles ». En anglais, le whatever contient déjà la notion du « que ».Whatever quand :- 1Le choix est infini ou inconnu : Tu ne sais pas ce qui va se passer ou ce qui est disponible.
Please send me whatever information you have on this client. (Tu ne sais pas précisément ce qu'ils ont, tu veux tout).- 1Tu exprimes une indifférence totale : Tu te fiches de l'issue, peu importe le domaine.
Let's watch whatever is on TV. (On s'en fiche, on veut juste un bruit de fond).- 1Pour des vérités générales : Des proverbes ou des faits.
Whatever goes up must come down. (Tout ce qui monte finit par redescendre).- 1En tant qu'adverbe d'insistance (très courant à l'oral) : Pour dire « du tout » après une négation.
I have no interest whatever in his problems. (Je n'ai aucun intérêt, mais alors aucun, pour ses problèmes).Whichever quand :- 1Le choix est restreint et défini : Les options sont sous tes yeux ou ont été nommées juste avant.
We have sparkling water and still water. You can have whichever you prefer. (Le choix est limité à deux).- 1Tu donnes des instructions précises : Quand il y a un nombre fini de chemins ou de méthodes.
Press whichever button starts the machine. (Il y a peut-être 3 ou 4 boutons, pas 1000).- 1Pour comparer deux ou trois choses spécifiques :
There are two trains to London. Whichever one you take, it's a two-hour trip.whatever pour un choix entre deux options.Take whatever one you want alors qu'il n'y en a que deux, ça sonne très bizarre. L'auditeur va se demander : « Mais n'importe laquelle parmi quoi ? Il n'y en a que deux ! ».- *Faux :*
I have a red pen and a blue pen. Take whatever. - *Juste :*
I have a red pen and a blue pen. Take whichever (one) you want.
whichever quand il est déterminant.*whichever of day. Non, c'est comme en français : whichever day.- *Faux :*
Whichever of route you take... - *Juste :*
Whichever route you take...ouWhichever of these routes you take....
Whatever!Whatever! à quelqu'un est perçu comme très agressif ou dédaigneux, un peu comme un adolescent qui lève les yeux au ciel en disant « C'est ça, cause toujours ».- *Conseil :* Si tu veux être poli et dire que le choix ne te dérange pas, dis plutôt :
Either is fineouI don't mind, whichever you prefer.
whatever et any.Any s'utilise pour dire « n'importe lequel » dans une phrase simple, tandis que whatever introduit souvent une action ou une condition.Take any book.(Prends un livre, n'importe lequel).Take whatever book you like.(Prends n'importe quel livre que tu aimes — iciwhateverintroduit la propositionyou like).
Do whatever you want. |Choose whichever of these two. |Pick any card from the deck. |Either day is fine for me. |No matter what he says, don't go. |Whichever vs Either :Either signifie l'un ou l'autre. Whichever est plus proche de « celui que tu veux parmi les deux ». La nuance est subtile : either se concentre sur la possibilité, whichever sur l'acte de choisir.Whatever vs Anything :Anything est un pronom simple. Whatever est plus complexe car il peut introduire une proposition entière.I'll eat anything.(Je mangerai n'importe quoi — je n'ai pas de limites).I'll eat whatever you cook.(Je mangerai tout ce que tu cuisineras — ici, le choix est lié à l'action de cuisiner).
whichever est plus formel que whatever ?whichever est souvent plus utilisé car on traite généralement d'options définies (des contrats, des dates de réunion, des budgets).whatever au bureau peut parfois paraître un peu trop vague ou désinvolte.whichever pour des personnes ?Whichever candidate has the most experience will get the job. C'est tout à fait correct car le groupe de candidats est limité. Par contre, on utilisera whoever pour un sens plus général (ex: Whoever stole my bike is in trouble).whichever one ?one après whichever (ou whatever) est très courant à l'oral pour renforcer le côté « sélection ».There are two cakes. Whichever one you choose, you'll love it. Cela sonne très naturel.whichever. C'est le petit détail qui fera dire à ton interlocuteur : « Wow, son anglais est vraiment bon ! ».Usage as Determiner vs. Pronoun
| Type | Whichever | Whatever |
|---|---|---|
|
Determiner (+ Noun)
|
Whichever *dress* you pick...
|
Whatever *decision* you make...
|
|
Pronoun (Alone)
|
Pick whichever is cheaper.
|
Do whatever you want.
|
|
With 'of'
|
Whichever of these...
|
Whatever of his work remains... (Rare)
|
|
Subject Position
|
Whichever is best will win.
|
Whatever you say is true.
|
|
Object Position
|
I'll take whichever.
|
I'll do whatever.
|
Meanings
These words are used to indicate that the specific identity of a person, thing, or choice is not important or is unknown.
Limited Choice
Used when there is a restricted number of options available to choose from.
“There are two flights; take whichever is cheaper.”
“Whichever path you take on this mountain, you will reach the top.”
Unlimited Choice
Used when the options are open-ended, unknown, or infinite.
“Whatever you decide, I will support you.”
“Eat whatever you want from the fridge.”
Indifference (Slang)
Used as a one-word response to show that the speaker does not care or is dismissive.
“'We're going to be late!' 'Whatever.'”
“I don't care, whatever.”
Reference Table
| Mot | Signification | Type de choix | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`whatever`
|
N'importe quoi ; peu importe ce que
|
Illimité, ouvert
|
Order `whatever` you want from the menu.
|
|
`whichever`
|
N'importe lequel ; peu importe lequel
|
Limité, spécifique
|
We have tea or coffee; take `whichever` you prefer.
|
|
`whatever`
|
Comme déterminant
|
Illimité
|
`Whatever` decision you make is fine with me.
|
|
`whichever`
|
Comme déterminant
|
Limité
|
`Whichever` road we take, we'll get there eventually.
|
|
`whatever`
|
Comme pronom
|
Illimité
|
"What should I wear?" "`Whatever`, it's a casual party."
|
|
`whichever`
|
Comme pronom
|
Limité
|
Of the two options, choose `whichever` seems best.
|
|
`whatever`
|
Usage argotique
|
Indifférence
|
"You forgot to do the dishes!" "`Whatever`."
|
|
`whichever`
|
Usage argotique
|
N/A
|
This is not used as a slang term for indifference.
|
Spectre de formalité
I shall be satisfied with whichever option you deem appropriate. (Making a decision)
I'm fine with whichever one you choose. (Making a decision)
Whichever is fine by me. (Making a decision)
Whatever, man. (Making a decision)
Comparaison : Whichever vs. Whatever
Choisir le bon mot
Le choix est-il issu d'un petit groupe d'options spécifiques ?
Mots pour faire des choix
Choix limité
- Whichever Choisis-en un dans cette liste
Choix illimité
- Whatever Choisis n'importe quoi
Quand les utiliser
Whichever
- • Deux options
- • Une courte liste
- • Articles de menu spécifiques
- • Ces deux-là, celui-là
Whatever
- • Tout est possible
- • Suggestions ouvertes
- • Peu importe quoi
- • Possibilités illimitées
Exemples par niveau
Eat whatever you want.
Take whichever book you like.
Whatever you say is fine.
Pick whichever color you want.
You can come whatever time you like.
Whichever bus comes first, we will take it.
I will do whatever I can to help.
Buy whichever of those two shirts is cheaper.
Whichever route we take, it will take at least an hour.
Whatever the reason for his delay, we must start now.
You can choose whichever of the three options suits you best.
Whatever happens at the party, stay with your friends.
Whichever candidate is elected, they will face a difficult task.
He seems to succeed at whatever he turns his hand to.
Whichever way you look at it, the plan is risky.
I'm happy to go to whichever restaurant you've booked.
Whatever the merits of the argument, the timing was poor.
Whichever of the two theories you subscribe to, the data remains the same.
She remains cheerful, whatever the circumstances.
Whichever path they chose, they were bound to encounter resistance.
The company will survive, whatever the cost to its reputation.
Whichever of the myriad possibilities occurs, we are prepared.
He was free to do whatever he pleased with the inheritance.
Whichever side of the debate one falls on, the complexity is undeniable.
Facile à confondre
Learners often use 'which' when they should use 'whichever' to show that the choice doesn't matter.
Learners use 'what' as a relative pronoun in ways that sound non-standard.
Mixing up things/choices with people.
Erreurs courantes
Take whatever of these two.
Take whichever of these two.
Whatever you want it is okay.
Whatever you want is okay.
I like whichever.
I like whatever.
Whichever you do?
Whatever are you doing?
Whichever you want to eat tonight?
What do you want to eat tonight?
He eats whichever.
He eats whatever.
Whatever shirt of these two is better?
Which shirt of these two is better?
Whichever happens, I'm ready.
Whatever happens, I'm ready.
I'll buy whichever one you want from the whole store.
I'll buy whatever you want from the whole store.
Whatever of the two options is fine.
Whichever of the two options is fine.
Whichever the case may be...
Whatever the case may be...
He was happy with whichever.
He was happy with whatever.
Whatever one you choose...
Whichever one you choose...
Structures de phrases
You can ___ whichever ___ you like.
Whatever happens, ___.
Whichever of the ___ you choose, ___.
I'm happy to do whatever ___.
Real World Usage
Whatever you want to do is cool with me.
I am happy to work whichever shift the team needs most.
Whichever item you choose, shipping is free.
I'll have whatever the chef recommends.
Whichever train we take, we'll need to change at London.
Whatever, I don't agree with this post at all.
Le test des 'deux options'
whichever est presque toujours la bonne réponse. Par exemple : We have two options, choose whichever you like.
Le "Whatever" qui clashe
Whatever tout seul, ça peut paraître super impoli ou désintéressé. C'est comme dire 'je m'en fiche'. À éviter dans les conversations polies ou pro. Imagine qu'on te dit : You forgot to do the dishes!et tu réponds :
Whatever.L'emphase avec '-ever'
Un signe des temps
Whatever. en mode argot est devenu hyper populaire dans les années 90, grâce à des films comme 'Clueless'. Aujourd'hui, c'est un raccourci universel, un peu daté, pour exprimer l'indifférence ou l'agacement des ados dans le monde anglophone. Tu l'entends souvent quand quelqu'un est blasé : "I don't care, whatever."Smart Tips
Always use 'whichever'. It makes you sound much more like a native speaker.
Use 'whatever' to show that their options are completely open.
Use 'whichever' followed by a noun to be clear about the choices.
Be careful with 'Whatever.' Use 'Anyway...' instead to be more polite.
Prononciation
Stress Pattern
The primary stress is on the second syllable of the base word, but the '-ever' suffix is often spoken quickly.
The 'T' in Whatever
In American English, the 't' in 'whatever' often sounds like a soft 'd' (flap T).
Dismissive Whatever
What-ever! ↘
Falling intonation on the last syllable shows annoyance or indifference.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Whichever is for 'Which' (choices), Whatever is for 'What' (anything).
Association visuelle
Imagine a small box with three toys (Whichever) versus a giant open field with everything in the world (Whatever).
Rhyme
If the choices are few, whichever will do. If the options are any, whatever for the many.
Story
A king told his son, 'You can marry whichever of these three princesses you love.' The son replied, 'I will do whatever makes me happy, even if I don't marry at all!'
Word Web
Défi
Look around your room. Pick two objects and say a sentence with 'whichever.' Then think of a dream and say a sentence with 'whatever.'
Notes culturelles
The single word 'Whatever' became a famous catchphrase for teenagers in the 90s to show they didn't care about what adults were saying. It is still used today but can be very rude.
In professional settings, using 'whichever' sounds more precise and helpful than 'whatever', which can sound lazy.
Using 'whatever you want' is a common way to show hospitality to guests in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing their comfort over yours.
The suffix '-ever' comes from the Old English 'æfre', meaning 'always' or 'at any time'.
Amorces de conversation
If you could travel to any country, whatever the cost, where would you go?
Between tea and coffee, whichever you prefer, how do you take it?
Whatever happened to your favorite childhood toy?
Whichever of your friends is the funniest, what is their best joke?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
You can have the chocolate or vanilla ice cream. Pick ___ you like more.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
Between the train and the bus, you can take whatever is cheaper.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesThere are two flights to Paris. We can take ___ one you prefer.
___ you do, don't press the red button!
Find and fix the mistake:
You can have whatever of these three cakes.
It doesn't matter what he says, I don't believe him.
1. Whichever road we take... / 2. Whatever you decide...
Select the formal option.
I'm happy to eat ___ is in the fridge.
'Whichever' is used for an unlimited number of choices.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesThe store is huge. You can buy ___ you find.
There are three colors available: red, green, or blue. Choose ___ one you like best.
You have two invitations. You should go to whatever party sounds more fun.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'It doesn't matter what you cook, I'll eat it.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the type of choice with the correct word:
A: 'What should I do now?' B: '___ you want. I don't have a preference.'
Choose the correct sentence:
Whichever happens, we must stay calm.
Translate into English: 'Choose the jacket you like more: the red one or the black one.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence halves:
Score: /13
FAQ (8)
No, for people we use `whoever` or `whomever`. For example: 'Whoever wins the race gets a trophy.'
Not necessarily, but it is more *precise*. Using it correctly shows a better command of English logic.
It is better to say `whichever one` if you are referring to a specific item, but `whatever one` is sometimes heard in very casual speech.
It means 'or something similar.' For example: 'We can go to the park or whatever.'
No. It is only rude when used as a one-word response to dismiss someone. In a sentence like 'Whatever you want is fine,' it is perfectly polite.
Use `whichever of` before a plural noun or pronoun, like 'Whichever of these books...' or 'Whichever of them...'
In very informal speech, people say 'Whatever are you doing?' to show surprise, but it's not standard for normal questions.
`Any` is a determiner, while `whichever` often starts a whole clause. 'Take any book' vs 'Take whichever book you like.'
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
cualquiera / lo que sea
English forces a choice between 'which' and 'what' roots; Spanish often uses 'cual' roots for both.
n'importe lequel / quoi que
French uses a phrase ('it doesn't matter') whereas English uses a single word with a suffix.
welcher auch immer / was auch immer
German keeps the parts separate ('was auch immer') while English merges them into one word.
どれでも (dore-demo) / 何でも (nani-demo)
The logic of limited vs. unlimited sets is almost identical to English.
أيّاً كان (ayyan kana) / مهما (mahma)
Arabic often uses verbal structures or particles rather than a simple suffix.
无论哪个 (wúlùn nǎge) / 无论什么 (wúlùn shénme)
Chinese requires the 'no matter' equivalent to be stated explicitly at the start of the clause.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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