कर्मवाच्य: वर्तमान पूर्ण काल (कर दिया गया है)
has/have + been + V3 when the doer is unknown or less important.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about things that have happened to an object when the result is important now.
- Use 'has been' for singular objects like 'The car has been washed'.
- Use 'have been' for plural objects like 'The windows have been cleaned'.
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb after 'been'.
Overview
Passive Voice का उपयोग करना केवल एक नियम नहीं है, बल्कि यह बात करने का एक नज़रिया (perspective) है। जब हम Present Perfect Passive (has been done) की बात करते हैं, तो हमारा पूरा ध्यान उस काम या परिणाम (result) पर होता है जो अभी-अभी या हाल ही में पूरा हुआ है। हिंदी भाषी होने के नाते, हम अपनी रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत में अनजाने में ही बहुत बार Passive Voice का उपयोग करते हैं। जैसे जब हम कहते हैं, «दिवाली की सफ़ाई हो गई है» या «चाय बन गई है», तो हमारा ध्यान इस पर नहीं है कि सफ़ाई किसने की या चाय किसने बनाई, बल्कि इस पर है कि काम पूरा हो चुका है।Present Perfect Passive का मुख्य उद्देश्य 'कर्ता' (doer) के बजाय 'कर्म' (object या recipient) को प्रधानता देना है। यह तब और भी महत्वपूर्ण हो जाता है जब हमें यह नहीं पता होता कि काम किसने किया, या जब काम करने वाला व्यक्ति महत्वपूर्ण नहीं होता। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आप ऑफिस में हैं और कहना चाहते हैं कि «रिपोर्ट जमा कर दी गई है», तो आप The report has been submitted कहेंगे। यहाँ रिपोर्ट का जमा होना ज़्यादा ज़रूरी है, न कि वह व्यक्ति जिसने उसे क्लिक करके भेजा। इस संरचना को सीखने से आपकी English ज़्यादा professional, सटीक और natural लगने लगती है, खासकर formal situations जैसे कि emails, news reporting, और official announcements में।Active और Passive के बीच के बुनियादी अंतर को देखना होगा।- 1Active Voice (SVO): यहाँ Subject (कर्ता) सबसे पहले आता है।
I have cleaned the room.(मैंने कमरा साफ़ कर दिया है।)- यहाँ focus 'I' (मुझ) पर है।
- 1Passive Voice (OVS - English structure): यहाँ Object (जिस पर काम हुआ) सबसे पहले आता है।
The room has been cleaned.(कमरा साफ़ कर दिया गया है।)- यहाँ focus 'The room' पर है।
Passive बनाते हैं, तो हम अक्सर 'जाना' क्रिया का प्रयोग सहायक क्रिया के रूप में करते हैं (जैसे: किया 'गया' है, भेजा 'गया' है)। English में, यही काम been करता है।The letter has been sent. |Sent (Past Participle - V3) |has been |has या have का चुनाव किया जाता है।Present Perfect Passive बनाने का एक निश्चित फ़ॉर्मूला है। इसे सही ढंग से इस्तेमाल करने के लिए आपको क्रिया के तीसरे रूप (Past Participle या V3) की अच्छी जानकारी होनी चाहिए।Subject (Recipient) + has/have + been + V3 (Past Participle)Has been: Singular subjects के लिए (He, she, it, any singular noun जैसेthe car,the bill)।Have been: Plural subjects औरI,Youके लिए (I, we, you, they, plural nouns जैसेthe students,the orders)।
been | V3 | Example Sentence |The project | has | been | completed | The project has been completed. |The invitations | have | been | sent | The invitations have been sent. |I | have | been | promoted | I have been promoted! |has/have और been के बीच में not लगाया जाता है।Subject + has/have + not + been + V3The bill hasn't been paid yet.(बिल अभी तक जमा नहीं किया गया है।)The results have not been announced.(परिणाम घोषित नहीं किए गए हैं।)
has/have को वाक्य के शुरू में ले आते हैं।Has/Have + Subject + been + V3?Has the car been repaired?(क्या कार ठीक हो गई है?)Have the guests been informed?(क्या मेहमानों को सूचित कर दिया गया है?)
Passive में बदली जा सकती हैं जिनके साथ 'Object' (कर्म) होता है। इन्हें Transitive Verbs कहते हैं। जैसे sleep, go, arrive जैसी क्रियाओं का Passive नहीं बनता क्योंकि आप यह नहीं कह सकते कि He has been arrived।
Present Perfect Passive सबसे सटीक बैठता है:The street light has been broken.(स्ट्रीट लाइट तोड़ दी गई है।)- यहाँ
by someoneकहने की ज़रूरत नहीं है क्योंकि वह अज्ञात है।
The match has been called off due to rain.(बारिश के कारण मैच रद्द कर दिया गया है।)- यहाँ मैच का रद्द होना खबर है, उसे किसने रद्द किया (अंपायर या बोर्ड) वह कम महत्वपूर्ण है।
Active Voice कभी-कभी बहुत सीधा या कठोर लग सकता है। Passive इसे थोड़ा विनम्र और professional बनाता है।Active:I have finished the work.
Passive:The work has been finished.(काम पूरा कर लिया गया है।)
You have made a mistake(तुमने गलती की है) थोड़ा बुरा लग सकता है। इसके बजाय आप कह सकते हैं:
A mistake has been made in the calculations.(गणना में एक गलती हो गई है।)- इससे आप बिना किसी का नाम लिए समस्या की ओर इशारा कर सकते हैं।
Our city has been transformed in the last five years.(पिछले पांच वर्षों में हमारा शहर पूरी तरह बदल गया है।)
Present Perfect Passive में कुछ खास तरह की गलतियाँ करते हैं, जो मुख्य रूप से हिंदी से सीधे अनुवाद (Literal Translation) के कारण होती हैं:The work has finished।- गलती:
The work has finished.(इसका मतलब हुआ कि काम ने खुद को खत्म कर लिया, जो कि असंभव है।) - सही:
The work has been finished.
been लगाना अनिवार्य है।- गलती:
The documents has been signed. - सही:
The documents have been signed.(क्योंकिdocumentsबहुवचन है।)
Past Simple (V2) और Past Participle (V3) में उलझ जाते हैं।- गलती:
The letter has been wrote. - सही:
The letter has been written.
Passive Voice में हमेशा V3 का ही प्रयोग करें, चाहे टेंस कोई भी हो।by me या by them कहना ज़रूरी नहीं होता और यह सुनने में थोड़ा अजीब (unnatural) लग सकता है।- Unnatural:
The tea has been made by me. - Natural:
The tea has been made.(अगर सबको पता है कि आपने ही बनाई है, तोby meकहने की ज़रूरत नहीं है।)
Present Perfect Active, Present Perfect Passive और Simple Past Passive के बीच भ्रमित हो जाते हैं। नीचे दी गई टेबल से यह अंतर स्पष्ट हो जाएगा:Sub + has/have + V3 | कर्ता (Doer) पर | The chef has prepared the meal. (शेफ ने खाना तैयार कर लिया है।) |Sub + has/have + been + V3 | परिणाम (Result) पर | The meal has been prepared. (खाना तैयार कर लिया गया है।) |Sub + was/were + V3 | अतीत के समय (Past time) पर | The meal was prepared an hour ago. (खाना एक घंटे पहले तैयार किया गया था।) |Present Perfect Passive (has been done) का संबंध वर्तमान से होता है—यानी खाना अब तैयार है और आप उसे खा सकते हैं। जबकि Simple Past Passive (was done) केवल यह बताता है कि अतीत में कुछ हुआ था, उसका वर्तमान से संबंध होना ज़रूरी नहीं है।Object हो। उदाहरण के लिए, I have gone to the market का Passive नहीं बन सकता क्योंकि go एक Intransitive verb है।The book), तो has been लगाएँ। अगर वह एक से ज़्यादा हैं (जैसे The books), तो have been लगाएँ। I और You के साथ हमेशा have been आता है।Has been done का मतलब है कि काम पूरा हो चुका है (Present Perfect Passive)।Is being done का मतलब है कि काम अभी चल रहा है (Present Continuous Passive)।The road has been repaired (सड़क ठीक हो गई है) vs The road is being repaired (सड़क ठीक की जा रही है)।Active Voice बेहतर है, लेकिन आधुनिक English में, विशेषकर ऑफिस और न्यूज़ में, Passive Voice का अपना एक महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। यह आपकी भाषा को संतुलित और निष्पक्ष (objective) बनाता है।Present Perfect Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 (Been) | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
informed
|
I have been informed.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
chosen
|
You have been chosen.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
been
|
seen
|
It has been seen.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
invited
|
We have been invited.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
warned
|
They have been warned.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the object and the current state of that object.
Recent News/Events
Reporting something that just happened where the 'who' is less important than the 'what'.
“A new law has been passed by the government.”
“The missing cat has been found!”
Changes over time
Describing how something has been modified or improved up to the present moment.
“The kitchen has been renovated recently.”
“The software has been updated to version 2.0.”
Unspecified Actor
Used when we don't know who did the action or it is obvious.
“My bike has been stolen!”
“The trash has been taken out.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + has/have + been + V3
|
The bill has been paid.
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + hasn't/haven't + been + V3
|
The bill hasn't been paid.
|
|
Question
|
Has/Have + subj + been + V3?
|
Has the bill been paid?
|
|
Short Answer (+)
|
Yes, + subj + has/have.
|
Yes, it has.
|
|
Short Answer (-)
|
No, + subj + hasn't/haven't.
|
No, it hasn't.
|
|
With 'Just'
|
Subj + has/have + just + been + V3
|
The cat has just been fed.
|
|
With 'Already'
|
Subj + has/have + already + been + V3
|
The work has already been done.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
The requested documentation has been submitted for your review. (Workplace communication)
The documents have been sent. (Workplace communication)
The files have been sent over. (Workplace communication)
Sent it! (Implicit passive) (Workplace communication)
When to use Present Perfect Passive
News
- Arrests A thief has been caught
- Laws A law has been passed
Results
- Chores The floor has been mopped
- Work The report has been sent
Changes
- Renovation The wall has been painted
- Updates The app has been updated
Active vs. Passive
Choosing the Tense
Is the action finished?
Is the time specific (e.g. yesterday)?
Common Verbs in this Tense
Communication
- • Informed
- • Told
- • Asked
- • Sent
Creation
- • Built
- • Made
- • Written
- • Painted
Destruction
- • Broken
- • Stolen
- • Damaged
- • Lost
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
The window has been broken.
The window is now in pieces.
The food has been cooked.
The food is ready to eat.
The letters have been sent.
The letters are in the mail.
The car has been washed.
The car is clean now.
Has the mail been delivered yet?
Did the mail arrive?
The keys have been lost.
Someone lost the keys.
The room has not been cleaned.
The room is still dirty.
Many books have been written about him.
People wrote many books about him.
The meeting has been rescheduled for tomorrow.
The time of the meeting changed.
All the tickets have already been sold.
There are no tickets left.
The suspect has been arrested by the police.
The police caught the person.
The software has been updated to fix the bugs.
The program was improved.
It has been argued that the policy is ineffective.
Some people say the policy doesn't work.
The ancient ruins have been preserved for centuries.
The ruins were kept in good condition.
Several complaints have been received regarding the noise.
People complained about the noise.
The contract has been signed by both parties.
Both sides agreed and signed.
The implications of this discovery have been widely discussed.
Many people talked about what this means.
Considerable progress has been made in the field of AI.
AI has improved a lot.
The budget has been slashed due to the economic crisis.
They cut the budget significantly.
The tradition has been handed down through generations.
Families passed this tradition on.
The nuances of the text have been meticulously analyzed.
They looked at every small detail of the writing.
It has been widely posited that the universe is expanding.
Scientists suggest the universe is getting bigger.
The candidate's reputation has been irrevocably tarnished.
The person's name is ruined forever.
The infrastructure has been overhauled to meet modern standards.
They completely rebuilt the systems.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use 'has been' when they should use 'was' for a specific time.
Mixing up 'is being done' (now) and 'has been done' (finished).
Forgetting 'been' makes the object the actor.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
The car has washed.
The car has been washed.
The books have been write.
The books have been written.
The window was been broken.
The window has been broken.
He has been tell.
He has been told.
The homework have been done.
The homework has been done.
Has been the mail delivered?
Has the mail been delivered?
The cake has been ate.
The cake has been eaten.
The report has been being finished.
The report has been finished.
The trees have been plant yesterday.
The trees were planted yesterday.
It has been said me.
I have been told.
The data has been analyzed since two hours.
The data has been analyzed for two hours.
The problem has been solved by now.
The problem should have been solved by now.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
The ___ has been ___.
Have the ___ been ___ yet?
It has been ___ that ___.
___ has just been ___.
Real World Usage
A new cure for the virus has been discovered.
The meeting has been moved to Room 302.
My account has been hacked!
The flight has been delayed by two hours.
Your order has been picked up.
I have been given many responsibilities in my previous role.
The 'Been' Bridge
No 'By' Needed
Check the Object
Polite Blame
Smart Tips
Use the Present Perfect Passive to sound professional and focus on the project's progress.
Use 'has been' to describe the change without needing to know who did it.
Use the passive to avoid sounding like you are accusing someone directly.
Always double-check the V3 form. It's the most common place for mistakes.
उच्चारण
The weak 'been'
In natural speech, 'been' is often pronounced as /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
When using 'I've been' or 'It's been', the stress is usually on the past participle, not the auxiliary.
Rising intonation for questions
Has the mail been delivered? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Remember 'H.B.P.' — Has Been Participle. It's like a 'Happy Birthday Party' for the object!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a 'Finished' stamp being pressed onto a box. The box is the subject, and the stamp is the 'has been done' part. The box doesn't move itself; someone else stamps it.
Rhyme
If the work is through and the result is new, 'Has been done' is the tense for you!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He sees a broken window. He says, 'The window has been broken.' He sees an empty safe. He says, 'The money has been stolen.' He doesn't know who did it yet, but he sees the results everywhere.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look around your room. Find three things that have changed today and say them in the passive. (e.g., 'The bed has been made.')
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
British speakers use the Present Perfect Passive much more frequently than Americans for recent events.
In scientific and academic writing, this tense is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone.
Used to avoid direct blame. Instead of 'You didn't pay the bill,' a company will say 'The bill hasn't been paid.'
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English 'beon' (to be) and 'weorthan' (to become).
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Has your city been changed much in the last five years?
Have you ever been told a secret you couldn't keep?
Has any of your work been published online?
What's the best gift you've ever been given?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
The letters ___ (send) already.
Check the status of the project.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car has been wash yesterday.
Someone has stolen my bike.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Is the report ready? B: Yes, it ___.
'The window has been broken.'
yet / not / the / been / bill / has / paid
Score: /8
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesThe letters ___ (send) already.
Check the status of the project.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car has been wash yesterday.
Someone has stolen my bike.
Match them:
A: Is the report ready? B: Yes, it ___.
'The window has been broken.'
yet / not / the / been / bill / has / paid
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesAll the tickets for the concert ___ sold out.
The package has deliver to the wrong address.
Which of these sentences is grammatically correct?
Translate: 'Many mistakes have been made.'
Arrange these words into a meaningful sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The new policy ___ implemented successfully.
Their car have been repaired at the garage.
Select the grammatically correct sentence:
Translate: 'The window has been broken.'
Rearrange these words:
Match the verbs with their Past Participle forms:
Score: /12
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Yes! You can say 'The book has been written by a famous author.' However, we usually omit it if the person isn't important.
'Was done' is for a specific past time (e.g., yesterday). 'Has been done' is for an unspecified time or when the result is important now.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, the sentence is active. 'The dog has fed' means the dog gave food to someone else!
Yes, especially when talking about news, chores, or things that have gone wrong (like 'My phone has been stolen').
Absolutely. 'The winner has just been announced' is a very common way to report recent news.
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. You can't say 'He has been slept.'
Swap the subject and 'has/have'. For example: 'Has the car been washed?'
It is neutral. It can be used in both formal emails and casual conversation.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ha sido + participio
Spanish participles must match the gender and number of the subject.
a été + participe
French uses 'être' for some active perfect tenses, which can confuse learners.
ist ... worden
German uses 'become' (werden) instead of 'been' (sein) to form the passive.
-te iru (resultative state)
Japanese often avoids the passive where English requires it, preferring active verbs with unspecified subjects.
Internal Passive (Fu'ila)
There is no auxiliary verb for 'have' or 'been' in the Arabic passive.
bèi (被) + verb
Chinese does not conjugate verbs for tense or person.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
अंग्रेजी प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट: अतीत को वर्तमान से जोड़ना (बुनियादी गठन)
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पैसिव वॉयस: मूल संरचना (be + V3)
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PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step
Arnel's Everyday English
Active and Passive Voice Tricks | Active Voice and Passive Voice in English Grammar | ChetChat
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Passive Voice | English Grammar Lessons For Beginners | Spoken English For Beginners
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