حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)
recent results و completed actions رو برجسته کنی، مخصوصاً وقتی who (فاعل) مهمتر از what (کار) نیست.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about things that have happened to an object when the result is important now.
- Use 'has been' for singular objects like 'The car has been washed'.
- Use 'have been' for plural objects like 'The windows have been cleaned'.
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb after 'been'.
مرور کلی
Your order has been picked up یا Your password has been changed برات اومده یا نه؟ این همون Present Perfect Passive یا ماضی نقلی مجهوله. این یکی از رایجترین راههاییه که درباره اتفاقات اخیر صحبت میکنیم، جایی که خودِ *عمل* خیلی مهمتر از کسیه که اون کار رو انجام داده.The chef has cooked the meal. اما توی حالت مجهول (passive)، جایگاه رو عوض میکنیم. اول غذا رو میاریم: The meal has been cooked. اینجوری یه جورایی رسمیتر و گاهی هم مرموزتر به نظر میاد و برای وقتی که میخوای روی نتیجه تأکید کنی عالیه.The world has been changed... خیلی خفنتر از Some guy changed the world به نظر میاد، نه؟ ما از Present Perfect مشخصاً به این دلیل استفاده میکنیم که عمل در یک زمان نامشخص در گذشته اتفاق افتاده، اما هنوز به «الان» خیلی ربط داره.My room has been cleaned! (حتی اگه خودت تمیزش نکرده باشی – دمشون گرم هماتاقیهای مهربون). فقط ازش برای پنهان کردن این حقیقت که یادت رفته کارهات رو انجام بدی استفاده نکن؛ پدر و مادرت قشنگ متوجه اون گرامر مجهولِ کنایهآمیزت میشن.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
Passive Voice: Present Perfect درباره ارتباطه. این گرامر عمل گذشته رو به لحظه حال وصل میکنه. اگه بگم The windows have been washed دارم دو تا چیز بهت میگم: ۱) شستن همین اواخر اتفاق افتاده، و ۲) ببین الان چقدر براق شدن!I have finished the project.The project has been successfully launched. اینجوری عینیتر به نظر میاد و خودِ دستاورد رو برجسته میکنه. مثل استفاده از فیلتر توی اینستاگرامه؛ زاویه دید عکس رو عوض میکنه بدون اینکه خودِ صحنه واقعی رو تغییر بده. یادت باشه، مجهول حرف زدن به معنی تنبل بودن نیست (هرچند بهت اجازه میده اسم کسی رو نیاری)، بلکه درباره اینه که روی چه چیزی دقیقاً تمرکز کنی.
الگوی ساخت
The report, The emails).
has و برای فاعلهای جمع (I, you, we, they) از have استفاده کن.
been رو بیاری. این «نشانه مجهول» هست.
done, seen, sent, broken).
The post has been shared.
The post hasn't been shared. (فقط بعد از have/has کلمه not رو اضافه کن).
Has the post been shared? (جای فاعل و have/has رو عوض کن).
جدول صرف
| فرم | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | The app has been updated. |
اپلیکیشن آپدیت شده است. |
| Negative | The tickets haven't been booked. |
بلیطها رزرو نشدهاند. |
| Question | Has the gift been wrapped? |
آیا هدیه کادو شده است؟ |
| Plural Positive | The photos have been deleted. |
عکسها پاک شدهاند. |
کی استفاده کنیم
- Recent News:
A new planet has been discovered!(عالی برای ویدیوهای خبری تیکتاک). - Results & Consequences:
The flight has been cancelled.(ناراحتکننده، اما برای ولاگهای سفر از نظر گرامری درسته). - When the
Whois a Mystery:My bike has been stolen!(چون نمیدونی کی این کار رو کرده، نمیتونی از حالت معلوم استفاده کنی). - Formal Announcements:
The winners have been announced.(قشنگ حس شب اسکار رو میده).
Has the group chat been muted? سوالیه که همه ما ساعت ۲ صبح پرسیدیم. همچنین برای مودبانه حرف زدن هم عالیه.You haven't paid me شبیه حمله به نظر میاد. اما اگه بگی The money hasn't been sent yet تمرکز روی تراکنشه، نه روی اون آدم. این همون «تلنگر مودبانه» در گرامر انگلیسیه.
اشتباهات رایج
- Skipping
been: این اشتباه شماره یکه. مردم میگنThe car has washed. این یعنی ماشین خودش سطل و اسفنج برداشته و شروع کرده به شستن خودش! مگر اینکه توی دنیای انیمیشنهای پیکسار زندگی کنی، وگرنه بهbeenنیاز داری:The car has been washed. - Mixing up
hasandhave: یادت باشه، همه چیز بستگی به فاعل *جدید* داره. حتی اگه من (مفرد) دارم دربارهthe cookies(جمع) حرف میزنم، باید بگم:The cookies HAVE been eaten. - Using it for specific times: با کلماتی مثل
yesterdayیاlast weekاز این گرامر استفاده نکن. نمیتونی بگیIt has been fixed yesterday. برای اون باید ازSimple Past Passiveاستفاده کنی (It was fixed yesterday). ماضی نقلی برای ارتباط با «الان» هست. - Past Participle confusion: از شکل گذشته ساده استفاده نکن. نگیم
The letter has been wrote؛ درستش اینه:The letter has been written.(باز هم افعال بیقاعده! همیشه یه لیست دم دستت داشته باش، اینا مثل غولهای مرحله آخر انگلیسی هستن).
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
It was done) اشتباه میگیرن. فرقشون فقط توی *زمان* و *حس و حاله*.- Simple Past Passive:
The bridge was built in 1990.(تموم شده، تاریخی، تاریخ مشخص). - Present Perfect Passive:
The bridge has been repaired.(اخیراً، مرتبط با الان، شاید الان دیگه بتونی روش رانندگی کنی).
Simple Past Passive مثل یه کتاب تاریخه؛ Present Perfect Passive مثل فید اخباره.- Active:
I've sent the email.(من قهرمان این جملهام). - Passive:
The email has been sent.(سفرِ ایمیل چیزیه که مهمه).
سؤالات رایج
میتونم کسی که کار رو انجام داده رو هم اضافه کنم؟
بله! فقط از by استفاده کن. The song has been covered by many artists.
آیا این توی مکالمه رایجه؟
خیلی زیاد! مخصوصاً برای مشکلات فنی، سفارش غذا و فرار از مقصر جلوه دادن کسی.
چطور غیررسمیترش کنم؟
از مخففها استفاده کن! مثلاً به جای The job has been done بگو The job's been done. خیلی طبیعیتر به نظر میاد.
آیا برای همه فعلها کار میکنه؟
فقط برای فعلهای متعدی (فعلهایی که مفعول میگیرن). نمیتونی بگی It has been slept. اینجوری شبیه یه ربات گیج و منگ به نظر میای.
استفاده ازش توی مصاحبه کاری اوکیه؟
قطعاً. باعث میشه نتایج کارهات حرفهایتر و تثبیتشدهتر به نظر برسه.
سطوح رسمی بودن
- Formal
The client has been informed of the delay. (سبک ایمیلهای حرفهای).
- Neutral
The laundry has been finished. (زندگی روزمره استاندارد).
- Casual/Slang
The plans've been ditched. (پیام دادن به دوستت درباره کنسل شدن برنامه شبگردی).
ترفند حافظه
یادت باشه: Been + Before + Verb 3. تو به کلمه been *قبل* از فعل V3 نیاز داری. به been مثل یه پل نگاه کن که گذشته رو به مکالمه الانت وصل میکنه.
مکالمات واقعی
*At a Café*
Staff
Has your order been taken yet?Customer
No, I've been waiting for ten minutes!Staff
I'm so sorry, a waiter has been sent to your table right now.*Tech Support*
User
My account has been locked.Support
Don't worry. A reset link has been sent to your email.User
Thanks, it's been received!تمرین پیشرونده
شکل سوم (V3) فعلهای رایج رو شناسایی کن (eat -> eaten, write -> written).
جملات معلوم ساده رو به مجهول تبدیل کن (I have fixed the bug -> The bug has been fixed).
حالتهای منفی رو برای چیزهایی که هنوز اتفاق نیفتادن تمرین کن (The movie hasn't been released).
یه آپدیت وضعیت خیالی برای یه اپلیکیشن اجتماعی بنویس و توش از سه تا جمله مجهول استفاده کن.
Present Perfect Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 (Been) | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
informed
|
I have been informed.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
chosen
|
You have been chosen.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
been
|
seen
|
It has been seen.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
invited
|
We have been invited.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
warned
|
They have been warned.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the object and the current state of that object.
Recent News/Events
Reporting something that just happened where the 'who' is less important than the 'what'.
“A new law has been passed by the government.”
“The missing cat has been found!”
Changes over time
Describing how something has been modified or improved up to the present moment.
“The kitchen has been renovated recently.”
“The software has been updated to version 2.0.”
Unspecified Actor
Used when we don't know who did the action or it is obvious.
“My bike has been stolen!”
“The trash has been taken out.”
Reference Table
| نوع فاعل | فعلهای کمکی | جمله مثالی | موقعیت |
|---|---|---|---|
|
مفرد (it/she/he)
|
has been + V3
|
The file has been saved.
|
کار با لپتاپ
|
|
جمع (they/we/you)
|
have been + V3
|
The shoes have been sold.
|
خرید آنلاین
|
|
منفی مفرد
|
hasn't been + V3
|
The update hasn't been installed.
|
اعلان گوشی
|
|
منفی جمع
|
haven't been + V3
|
The messages haven't been read.
|
وضعیت واتساپ/دایرکت
|
|
سوال مفرد
|
Has ... been + V3?
|
Has the pizza been delivered?
|
سفارش غذا
|
|
سوال جمع
|
Have ... been + V3?
|
Have the invites been sent?
|
برنامهریزی مهمونی
|
طیف رسمیت
The requested documentation has been submitted for your review. (Workplace communication)
The documents have been sent. (Workplace communication)
The files have been sent over. (Workplace communication)
Sent it! (Implicit passive) (Workplace communication)
When to use Present Perfect Passive
News
- Arrests A thief has been caught
- Laws A law has been passed
Results
- Chores The floor has been mopped
- Work The report has been sent
Changes
- Renovation The wall has been painted
- Updates The app has been updated
Active vs. Passive
Choosing the Tense
Is the action finished?
Is the time specific (e.g. yesterday)?
Common Verbs in this Tense
Communication
- • Informed
- • Told
- • Asked
- • Sent
Creation
- • Built
- • Made
- • Written
- • Painted
Destruction
- • Broken
- • Stolen
- • Damaged
- • Lost
مثالها بر اساس سطح
The window has been broken.
The window is now in pieces.
The food has been cooked.
The food is ready to eat.
The letters have been sent.
The letters are in the mail.
The car has been washed.
The car is clean now.
Has the mail been delivered yet?
Did the mail arrive?
The keys have been lost.
Someone lost the keys.
The room has not been cleaned.
The room is still dirty.
Many books have been written about him.
People wrote many books about him.
The meeting has been rescheduled for tomorrow.
The time of the meeting changed.
All the tickets have already been sold.
There are no tickets left.
The suspect has been arrested by the police.
The police caught the person.
The software has been updated to fix the bugs.
The program was improved.
It has been argued that the policy is ineffective.
Some people say the policy doesn't work.
The ancient ruins have been preserved for centuries.
The ruins were kept in good condition.
Several complaints have been received regarding the noise.
People complained about the noise.
The contract has been signed by both parties.
Both sides agreed and signed.
The implications of this discovery have been widely discussed.
Many people talked about what this means.
Considerable progress has been made in the field of AI.
AI has improved a lot.
The budget has been slashed due to the economic crisis.
They cut the budget significantly.
The tradition has been handed down through generations.
Families passed this tradition on.
The nuances of the text have been meticulously analyzed.
They looked at every small detail of the writing.
It has been widely posited that the universe is expanding.
Scientists suggest the universe is getting bigger.
The candidate's reputation has been irrevocably tarnished.
The person's name is ruined forever.
The infrastructure has been overhauled to meet modern standards.
They completely rebuilt the systems.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'has been' when they should use 'was' for a specific time.
Mixing up 'is being done' (now) and 'has been done' (finished).
Forgetting 'been' makes the object the actor.
اشتباهات رایج
The car has washed.
The car has been washed.
The books have been write.
The books have been written.
The window was been broken.
The window has been broken.
He has been tell.
He has been told.
The homework have been done.
The homework has been done.
Has been the mail delivered?
Has the mail been delivered?
The cake has been ate.
The cake has been eaten.
The report has been being finished.
The report has been finished.
The trees have been plant yesterday.
The trees were planted yesterday.
It has been said me.
I have been told.
The data has been analyzed since two hours.
The data has been analyzed for two hours.
The problem has been solved by now.
The problem should have been solved by now.
الگوهای جملهسازی
The ___ has been ___.
Have the ___ been ___ yet?
It has been ___ that ___.
___ has just been ___.
Real World Usage
A new cure for the virus has been discovered.
The meeting has been moved to Room 302.
My account has been hacked!
The flight has been delayed by two hours.
Your order has been picked up.
I have been given many responsibilities in my previous role.
قانون "By"
The project has been completed BY my team.
تله "Been"
been رو نذاری، جملهات معلوم میشه. The food has eatenاشتباهه، مگه اینکه پیتزا دندون درآورده باشه و خودش غذا خورده باشه!
تذکر دوستانه
The deadline has been missedخیلی آرومتر از اینه که بگی
You missed the deadline.
Smart Tips
Use the Present Perfect Passive to sound professional and focus on the project's progress.
Use 'has been' to describe the change without needing to know who did it.
Use the passive to avoid sounding like you are accusing someone directly.
Always double-check the V3 form. It's the most common place for mistakes.
تلفظ
The weak 'been'
In natural speech, 'been' is often pronounced as /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
When using 'I've been' or 'It's been', the stress is usually on the past participle, not the auxiliary.
Rising intonation for questions
Has the mail been delivered? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Remember 'H.B.P.' — Has Been Participle. It's like a 'Happy Birthday Party' for the object!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a 'Finished' stamp being pressed onto a box. The box is the subject, and the stamp is the 'has been done' part. The box doesn't move itself; someone else stamps it.
Rhyme
If the work is through and the result is new, 'Has been done' is the tense for you!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He sees a broken window. He says, 'The window has been broken.' He sees an empty safe. He says, 'The money has been stolen.' He doesn't know who did it yet, but he sees the results everywhere.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Find three things that have changed today and say them in the passive. (e.g., 'The bed has been made.')
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers use the Present Perfect Passive much more frequently than Americans for recent events.
In scientific and academic writing, this tense is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone.
Used to avoid direct blame. Instead of 'You didn't pay the bill,' a company will say 'The bill hasn't been paid.'
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English 'beon' (to be) and 'weorthan' (to become).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Has your city been changed much in the last five years?
Have you ever been told a secret you couldn't keep?
Has any of your work been published online?
What's the best gift you've ever been given?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
Many people ___ to the wedding already.
Choose the best sentence:
The window has been brokenروی حالت/نتیجه فعلی پنجره شکسته تمرکز داره.
Find and fix the mistake:
Your password has changed recently by an unknown device.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe letters ___ (send) already.
Check the status of the project.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car has been wash yesterday.
Someone has stolen my bike.
Match them:
A: Is the report ready? B: Yes, it ___.
'The window has been broken.'
yet / not / the / been / bill / has / paid
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe confirmation email ___ to your inbox.
been / my / has / stolen / phone
Die Hausaufgaben wurden bereits gemacht.
The keys has been found in the park.
Match them up:
Pick the correct question form:
That movie ___ by millions of people.
The project has been finish on time.
Wurde das Abendessen gekocht?
not / the / been / bills / have / paid
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes! You can say 'The book has been written by a famous author.' However, we usually omit it if the person isn't important.
'Was done' is for a specific past time (e.g., yesterday). 'Has been done' is for an unspecified time or when the result is important now.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, the sentence is active. 'The dog has fed' means the dog gave food to someone else!
Yes, especially when talking about news, chores, or things that have gone wrong (like 'My phone has been stolen').
Absolutely. 'The winner has just been announced' is a very common way to report recent news.
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. You can't say 'He has been slept.'
Swap the subject and 'has/have'. For example: 'Has the car been washed?'
It is neutral. It can be used in both formal emails and casual conversation.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ha sido + participio
Spanish participles must match the gender and number of the subject.
a été + participe
French uses 'être' for some active perfect tenses, which can confuse learners.
ist ... worden
German uses 'become' (werden) instead of 'been' (sein) to form the passive.
-te iru (resultative state)
Japanese often avoids the passive where English requires it, preferring active verbs with unspecified subjects.
Internal Passive (Fu'ila)
There is no auxiliary verb for 'have' or 'been' in the Arabic passive.
bèi (被) + verb
Chinese does not conjugate verbs for tense or person.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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Arnel's Everyday English
Active and Passive Voice Tricks | Active Voice and Passive Voice in English Grammar | ChetChat
ChetChat
Passive Voice | English Grammar Lessons For Beginners | Spoken English For Beginners
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Overview تا حالا شده توی X (توییتر سابق) بچرخی و پستی ببینی که میگه: "شایعه شده که بازی جدید GTA هفته دیگه میاد"؟ تو ا...
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### Overview ساختارهای گزارشدهی مجهول (Passive Reporting Structures) که با عبارتهایی نظیر `He is said to be...` شناخت...
