B1 · متوسط فصل 8

چطور مثل یه نیتیو، حرفه‌ای و روون انگلیسی صحبت کنیم؟

4 مجموع قواعد
47 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your English by mastering advanced passive constructions and natural, conversational phrasing.

  • Construct sentences using Present Perfect and Future passive forms.
  • Apply modal verbs to passive structures for added nuance.
  • Understand the natural use of terminal prepositions in English questions.
Sound more sophisticated and natural every day.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام! حاضری انگلیسی‌ت رو از اینی که هست یه پله ببری بالاتر و خیلی شیک‌تر و حرفه‌ای‌تر به نظر بیای؟ تو این فصل قراره یاد بگیری چطوری از حالت‌های مجهول توی زمان‌های «حال کامل» و «آینده» استفاده کنی. مثلاً وقتی می‌خوای بگی «کارها انجام شده» یا «پروژه فردا تموم می‌شه» بدون اینکه بخوای الکی روی فاعل تمرکز کنی، از ساختارهایی مثل has been done یا will be done استفاده می‌کنی. این مهارتیه که وقتی داری گزارش یه کار رو می‌دی یا می‌خوای توی یه محیط کاری روی نتیجه متمرکز باشی، فوق‌العاده به کارت می‌آد. بعدش می‌ریم سراغ ترکیب مجهول با افعال مودال؛ یعنی یاد می‌گیری چطوری با استفاده از can، should و must جمله‌های منعطف‌تری بسازی و مثلاً بگی «این مشکل باید حل بشه». و اما بخش جذاب ماجرا: یاد می‌گیری چطوری مثل یه نیتیو واقعی جمله‌هات رو با حرف اضافه تموم کنی و نترسی! مثلاً به جای جمله‌های سخت و کتابی، خیلی راحت بگی «?Who are you with». آخر این فصل، جمله‌بندی‌هات دیگه اون حالت خشک قدیمی رو نداره و چه توی ایمیل‌های رسمی و چه توی گپ‌وگفت‌های دوستانه، خیلی با اعتمادبه‌نفس‌تر و مسلط‌تر به نظر می‌رسی. بزن بریم که وقتشه انگلیسی‌ت رو حسابی صیقل بدی!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe completed and future tasks using the passive voice.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Construct natural-sounding questions that end with prepositions.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

As a B1 English learner, you've already built a solid foundation in the language. Now, it's time to refine your expression and unlock a whole new level of fluency and sophistication. This chapter,
Advanced Passive Forms and Natural Phrasing,
is designed to help you do exactly that.
We’ll explore how to use passive structures not just correctly, but naturally, making your English sound more confident and authentic.
You'll discover how to leverage passive forms with modal verbs like can be done to discuss possibilities and necessities without always stating who is doing the action. We'll also delve into the Present Perfect Passive and Future Simple Passive, which are fantastic tools for focusing on results and future outcomes. Additionally, we’ll tackle one of the most common hangups for learners: ending sentences with prepositions.
You'll learn that this isn't a mistake but often a hallmark of natural, modern English. Mastering these aspects of B1 English grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas with greater flexibility and ease. Get ready to sound truly like a native speaker!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its core, the passive voice shifts the focus of a sentence from the doer of an action to the receiver or result of that action. This is incredibly useful when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious, allowing you to highlight what really matters. For B1 learners, understanding the nuances of the passive voice with various tenses and modal verbs is crucial for advanced communication.
Let's start with the Present Perfect Passive. We form it with has/have been + past participle. It's used for actions completed in the recent past that have a result now, where the action itself or its outcome is more important than who did it.
For example,
The new policies have been approved by the board
emphasizes the approval, not necessarily the individuals on the board. Similarly, the Future Simple Passive uses will be + past participle to talk about actions that will be completed in the future, again, with the focus on the action or result.
The new bridge will be completed by next year,
tells us about the bridge's future state, regardless of which construction company builds it.
Next, we introduce Passive Voice with Modal Verbs. This is incredibly versatile! You combine a modal verb (like *can, should, must, might, could*) with be + past participle.
This structure allows you to express possibility (
The problem can be solved easily
), necessity (
The rules must be followed
), or advice (
The report should be reviewed before submission
). This adds great flexibility to your English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing. Finally, addressing the fear of ending with prepositions: It's a natural and common feature of English, especially in questions or when an object is implied.
Instead of
With whom are you going?
, a native speaker would almost always say,
Who are you going with?
It sounds much more natural and less formal.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1✗ Missing the 'be' verb in passive constructions.
* ✗ The window broken.
* ✓ The window was broken.
* Explanation: All passive structures require a form of 'to be' (e.g., *is, was, will be, has been, can be*) before the past participle.
  1. 1✗ Overusing the passive voice when the active voice would be clearer or more natural.
* ✗ The ball was kicked by the boy.
* ✓ The boy kicked the ball.
* Explanation: While passive is useful, sometimes the active voice is simpler and more direct. Use passive strategically to shift focus, not as a default.
  1. 1✗ Unnecessarily restructuring sentences to avoid ending with a preposition, making them sound overly formal or awkward.
* ✗ To whom are you speaking?
* ✓ Who are you speaking to?
* Explanation: In everyday conversation, ending a question or a relative clause with a preposition is perfectly natural and common. Embrace it!

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

The project proposal has been sent to the client. Have you seen their feedback yet?
B

B

Not yet. It will be reviewed by the team tomorrow morning, so we should get comments then.
A

A

I can't find my keys anywhere!
B

B

Don't worry, they can be found if we look carefully. Did you check your jacket pocket?
A

A

Who was that meeting with? I saw you talking for ages.
B

B

Oh, that was Maya, my new colleague. We were discussing the upcoming event.

سؤالات رایج

Q

When should I use the Present Perfect Passive?

You should use it to talk about an action that was completed recently and has a result now, especially when the person who did the action is unknown or less important than the action itself. For example,

My laptop has been repaired
focuses on the laptop being fixed, not who fixed it.

Q

Is it always acceptable to end a sentence with a preposition?

In informal and most common English communication, yes! It's very natural, especially in questions (

What are you looking for?
) or certain clauses. Only in very formal writing or speech might you prefer to avoid it.

Q

Are advanced passive forms common in everyday speech?

Absolutely! While sometimes seen as formal, structures like

It can be done
or
The message has been received
are frequently used to express ideas efficiently and naturally without always naming the doer of the action.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing patterns constantly, often without even thinking about them. The passive voice is a tool for emphasis and clarity, allowing speakers to navigate conversations smoothly. While formal writing might sometimes place prepositions before the object (e.g.,
The person with whom I spoke
), everyday conversation overwhelmingly favors ending sentences with prepositions.
There are no significant regional differences in this usage; it's a common feature across all major English accents and dialects.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

The latest episode has been uploaded to Netflix.

جدیدترین قسمت تو نتفلیکس آپلود شده.

حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)
2

Your Uber has been cancelled by the driver.

اوبرت توسط راننده لغو شده.

حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)
3

Your Amazon order is on its way; the package `will be delivered` tomorrow.

بسته فردا تحویل داده میشه.

مجهول در آینده ساده (انجام خواهد شد)
4

Once the tickets go on sale, you `will be notified` via email.

بهت ایمیل میشه اطلاع داده میشه.

مجهول در آینده ساده (انجام خواهد شد)
5

Your order **can be tracked** in the app.

سفارشت رو می‌تونی توی اپ پیگیری کنی.

حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)
6

Passwords **must be changed** every 90 days.

رمز عبور باید هر ۹۰ روز عوض بشه.

حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)
7

Who are you going to the party with?

با کی میری مهمونی؟

پایان دادن به جملات با حروف اضافه: با چه کسی هستی؟
8

That's the book I was telling you about.

اون همون کتابیه که داشتم راجع بهش بهت می‌گفتم.

پایان دادن به جملات با حروف اضافه: با چه کسی هستی؟

نکات و ترفندها (4)

🎯

قانون "By"

اگه خیلی دلت می‌خواد بگی کی کارو انجام داده، آخر جمله 'by' رو اضافه کن.
The project has been completed BY my team.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)
🎯

ترفند 'By'

اگه نمی‌دونی کی کار رو انجام میده یا اصلاً مهم نیست کیه، فقط تا V3 رو بگو و دیگه ادامه نده. اکثر جمله‌های مجهول تو دنیای واقعی by ندارن:
The work will be completed.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مجهول در آینده ساده (انجام خواهد شد)
🎯

آزمون "توسط کی"

اگه بتونی آخر جمله، by zombies رو اضافه کنی و بازم معنی بده، پس جمله مجهوله! مثلاً:
The wall must be painted (by zombies).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)
💡

طبیعی حرف بزن!

توی مکالمه‌های روزمره، از تموم کردن جمله با حرف اضافه نترس. اینجوری حرف زدن و نوشتن‌های غیررسمی‌ت خیلی طبیعی‌تر و روان‌تر به نظر برسه، درست مثل بومی‌ها.
Where are you from?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پایان دادن به جملات با حروف اضافه: با چه کسی هستی؟

واژگان کلیدی (5)

renovated updated or repaired scheduled planned for a time prohibited not allowed inquired asked about accessible easy to reach

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Office Planning

Review Summary

  • has/have been + past participle
  • will be + past participle
  • modal + be + past participle
  • Question word + ... + preposition?

اشتباهات رایج

The report cannot finish itself! You need the 'been' to make it passive.

Wrong: The report has finished.
صحیح: The report has been finished.

Always include 'be' when using the future passive.

Wrong: It will finished tomorrow.
صحیح: It will be finished tomorrow.

While 'To whom' is correct in formal writing, 'Who... to' is the natural, modern way to speak.

Wrong: To whom are you speaking?
صحیح: Who are you speaking to?

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress in this chapter. Keep practicing these structures in your daily emails!

Listen to a news report and note the passive sentences.

Continue to: Identifying People and Things

تمرین سریع (10)

کدوم جمله یه نتیجه تموم‌شده رو نشون میده که فاعلش نامعلومه؟

Choose the best sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The window has been broken.
The window has been broken
روی حالت/نتیجه فعلی پنجره شکسته تمرکز داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)

جمله رو با شکل صحیح مجهول آینده کامل کن.

The results of the test ______ (announce) on Monday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: will be announced
برای ساخت مجهول آینده، از 'will be' به اضافه شکل سوم فعل ('announced') استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مجهول در آینده ساده (انجام خواهد شد)

جای خالی رو با شکل مجهول درست پر کن.

The software ___ (should / update) regularly to stay secure.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: should be updated
ما به مودال 'should' + 'be' + اسم مفعول 'updated' نیاز داریم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)

حرف اضافه درست رو انتخاب کن تا سوال کامل بشه.

Which movie are you talking ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: about
فعل 'talk' وقتی درباره یه موضوع صحبت می‌کنیم، اغلب حرف اضافه 'about' رو میگیره. اینجا 'about' به طور طبیعی آخر سوال قرار می‌گیره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پایان دادن به جملات با حروف اضافه: با چه کسی هستی؟

جمله رو با شکل مجهول صحیح فعل 'invite' کامل کن.

Many people ___ to the wedding already.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have been invited
'People' (مردم) جمعه، پس از 'have' استفاده می‌کنیم. مجهول به 'been' + V3 نیاز داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و درست کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Whom did you go to the concert with?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Who did you go to the concert with?
وقتی حرف اضافه ('with') آخر جمله است، ضمیر باید 'who' باشه (حالت فاعلی)، نه 'whom' (حالت مفعولی). 'With whom...' از نظر گرامری درسته ولی خیلی رسمیه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پایان دادن به جملات با حروف اضافه: با چه کسی هستی؟

اشتباه رو تو این پیام پشتیبانی فنی پیدا کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Your password has changed recently by an unknown device.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Your password has been changed recently.
پسوردها خودشون خودشونو عوض نمی‌کنن؛ 'have been changed' میشن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: حال کامل (انجام شده است)

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The rules must to be followed by everyone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The rules must be followed by everyone.
مودال‌هایی مثل 'must' قبل از فعل 'be' حرف 'to' نمیگیرن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)

جمله مجهول آینده درست رو انتخاب کن.

Which of these is a correct future passive sentence?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Your account will be suspended if you violate the rules.
'Will be suspended' از الگوی فاعل + will be + V3 به درستی پیروی می‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مجهول در آینده ساده (انجام خواهد شد)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This box can be opened easily.
مجهول با مودال‌ها نیاز به 'be' و اسم مفعول 'opened' داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی (می تواند انجام شود)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

The work was done
معمولاً به یه زمان خاص تو گذشته اشاره داره (مثلاً دیروز). اما
The work has been done
یعنی الان تموم شده و نتیجه‌اش به بحث الانمون مربوطه. مثلاً اگه کار دیروز تموم شده باشه و امروز میای سرکار می‌پرسی:
Is the work done?
و مدیرت جواب میده:
Yes, the work has been done.
خب، از نظر گرامری میشه (حال کامل استمراری مجهول)، ولی خیلی نادره و خیلی بدصداست. بهتره بگی
It is being done
یا کلاً از مجهول ساده استفاده کنی. مثلاً:
The house is being built.
این یه مدل گرامره که برای کارهایی استفاده میشه که در آینده برای کسی یا چیزی اتفاق می‌افته. بیشتر تمرکز روی نتیجه‌ست تا اینکه چه کسی کار رو انجام میده. مثلاً: 'The room will be cleaned.'
فقط 'will be' رو میاری بعدش شکل سوم فعل (V3) رو می‌ذاری. برای همه فاعل‌ها هم ثابته (من، تو، او، ما، شما، آن‌ها).
این سومین شکل فعل (V3) هست. برای فعل‌های باقاعده، به -ed ختم میشه (مثلاً worked). فعل‌های بی‌قاعده شکل‌های منحصر به فردی دارن، مثل done، seen یا broken.
بله، ولی have to تغییر شکل میده! میشه
It has to be done
یا
They have to be done
. دقیقاً مثل must be done نیست.
فصل قبلی
Focusing on Actions with the Passive Voice
فصل بعدی
Identifying People and Things
برگشت به نقشه راه