B1 · 中級 チャプター 8

Advanced Passive Forms and Natural Phrasing

4 トータルルール
47 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your English by mastering advanced passive constructions and natural, conversational phrasing.

  • Construct sentences using Present Perfect and Future passive forms.
  • Apply modal verbs to passive structures for added nuance.
  • Understand the natural use of terminal prepositions in English questions.
Sound more sophisticated and natural every day.

学べること

Ready to make your English sound more natural and sophisticated? In this chapter, you'll master how to use passive forms with modal verbs and even understand why sentences sometimes end with prepositions. Soon, you’ll be expressing ideas with greater flexibility and sounding truly confident!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe completed and future tasks using the passive voice.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Construct natural-sounding questions that end with prepositions.

チャプターガイド

Overview

As a B1 English learner, you've already built a solid foundation in the language. Now, it's time to refine your expression and unlock a whole new level of fluency and sophistication. This chapter,
Advanced Passive Forms and Natural Phrasing,
is designed to help you do exactly that.
We’ll explore how to use passive structures not just correctly, but naturally, making your English sound more confident and authentic.
You'll discover how to leverage passive forms with modal verbs like can be done to discuss possibilities and necessities without always stating who is doing the action. We'll also delve into the Present Perfect Passive and Future Simple Passive, which are fantastic tools for focusing on results and future outcomes. Additionally, we’ll tackle one of the most common hangups for learners: ending sentences with prepositions.
You'll learn that this isn't a mistake but often a hallmark of natural, modern English. Mastering these aspects of B1 English grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas with greater flexibility and ease. Get ready to sound truly like a native speaker!

How This Grammar Works

At its core, the passive voice shifts the focus of a sentence from the doer of an action to the receiver or result of that action. This is incredibly useful when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious, allowing you to highlight what really matters. For B1 learners, understanding the nuances of the passive voice with various tenses and modal verbs is crucial for advanced communication.
Let's start with the Present Perfect Passive. We form it with has/have been + past participle. It's used for actions completed in the recent past that have a result now, where the action itself or its outcome is more important than who did it.
For example,
The new policies have been approved by the board
emphasizes the approval, not necessarily the individuals on the board. Similarly, the Future Simple Passive uses will be + past participle to talk about actions that will be completed in the future, again, with the focus on the action or result.
The new bridge will be completed by next year,
tells us about the bridge's future state, regardless of which construction company builds it.
Next, we introduce Passive Voice with Modal Verbs. This is incredibly versatile! You combine a modal verb (like *can, should, must, might, could*) with be + past participle.
This structure allows you to express possibility (
The problem can be solved easily
), necessity (
The rules must be followed
), or advice (
The report should be reviewed before submission
). This adds great flexibility to your English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing. Finally, addressing the fear of ending with prepositions: It's a natural and common feature of English, especially in questions or when an object is implied.
Instead of
With whom are you going?
, a native speaker would almost always say,
Who are you going with?
It sounds much more natural and less formal.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Missing the 'be' verb in passive constructions.
* ✗ The window broken.
* ✓ The window was broken.
* Explanation: All passive structures require a form of 'to be' (e.g., *is, was, will be, has been, can be*) before the past participle.
  1. 1✗ Overusing the passive voice when the active voice would be clearer or more natural.
* ✗ The ball was kicked by the boy.
* ✓ The boy kicked the ball.
* Explanation: While passive is useful, sometimes the active voice is simpler and more direct. Use passive strategically to shift focus, not as a default.
  1. 1✗ Unnecessarily restructuring sentences to avoid ending with a preposition, making them sound overly formal or awkward.
* ✗ To whom are you speaking?
* ✓ Who are you speaking to?
* Explanation: In everyday conversation, ending a question or a relative clause with a preposition is perfectly natural and common. Embrace it!

Real Conversations

A

A

The project proposal has been sent to the client. Have you seen their feedback yet?
B

B

Not yet. It will be reviewed by the team tomorrow morning, so we should get comments then.
A

A

I can't find my keys anywhere!
B

B

Don't worry, they can be found if we look carefully. Did you check your jacket pocket?
A

A

Who was that meeting with? I saw you talking for ages.
B

B

Oh, that was Maya, my new colleague. We were discussing the upcoming event.

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use the Present Perfect Passive?

You should use it to talk about an action that was completed recently and has a result now, especially when the person who did the action is unknown or less important than the action itself. For example,

My laptop has been repaired
focuses on the laptop being fixed, not who fixed it.

Q

Is it always acceptable to end a sentence with a preposition?

In informal and most common English communication, yes! It's very natural, especially in questions (

What are you looking for?
) or certain clauses. Only in very formal writing or speech might you prefer to avoid it.

Q

Are advanced passive forms common in everyday speech?

Absolutely! While sometimes seen as formal, structures like

It can be done
or
The message has been received
are frequently used to express ideas efficiently and naturally without always naming the doer of the action.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing patterns constantly, often without even thinking about them. The passive voice is a tool for emphasis and clarity, allowing speakers to navigate conversations smoothly. While formal writing might sometimes place prepositions before the object (e.g.,
The person with whom I spoke
), everyday conversation overwhelmingly favors ending sentences with prepositions.
There are no significant regional differences in this usage; it's a common feature across all major English accents and dialects.

重要な例文 (6)

1

The new bridge will be completed by next year.

新しい橋は来年までに完成するでしょう。

英語受動態：未来形（〜されるだろう）
2

Your application will be reviewed soon.

あなたの申請書は近いうちに審査されます。

英語受動態：未来形（〜されるだろう）
3

The new features `can be tested` by next week.

新機能は来週までにテストできます。

助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)
4

Sensitive information `must be protected` carefully.

機密情報は慎重に保護されなければなりません。

助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)
5

Who are you going to the party with?

誰とパーティーに行くの？

前置詞で終わる文：誰といるの？
6

That's the book I was telling you about.

それが君に話していた本だよ。

前置詞で終わる文：誰といるの？

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「Been」を見逃さないで！

has been や have been の後に過去分詞（V3）が続いていたら、それは現在完了受動態です。動作の「結果」に注目しているサインですよ。
The email has been sent.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 受動態：現在完了 (～された)
💡

「Will Be」を見つけよう

「will be」の後に過去分詞（V3）が来たら、それが未来単純受動態です！この組み合わせが構造を見抜くゴールデンチケットになりますよ。「The report will be finished.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語受動態：未来形（〜されるだろう）
💡

行動の受け手に注目する

誰が行動したかではなく、何がされたかに注目したい時に使います。誰が行ったか不明、重要でない、または一般論として話したいときに便利です。例えば、犯人を特定しない報告で「The window was broken.」のように使います。これにより、非難がましくなく、客観的なトーンになります。「It helps you sound less accusatory and more objective.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)
💡

自然さを大切に

日常の英語では、文末に前置詞があっても気にしないでくださいね。ネイティブスピーカーのように、もっと自然で流暢な話し方や書き方になりますよ。「Who are you talking to?」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞で終わる文：誰といるの？

重要な語彙 (5)

renovated updated or repaired scheduled planned for a time prohibited not allowed inquired asked about accessible easy to reach

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Office Planning

Review Summary

  • has/have been + past participle
  • will be + past participle
  • modal + be + past participle
  • Question word + ... + preposition?

よくある間違い

The report cannot finish itself! You need the 'been' to make it passive.

Wrong: The report has finished.
正解: The report has been finished.

Always include 'be' when using the future passive.

Wrong: It will finished tomorrow.
正解: It will be finished tomorrow.

While 'To whom' is correct in formal writing, 'Who... to' is the natural, modern way to speak.

Wrong: To whom are you speaking?
正解: Who are you speaking to?

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress in this chapter. Keep practicing these structures in your daily emails!

Listen to a news report and note the passive sentences.

Continue to: 表現の幅が広がる！関係代名詞で「あの人・その物」を詳しく説明しよう

クイック練習 (7)

文章の間違いを見つけて訂正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Whom did you go to the concert with?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Who did you go to the concert with?
前置詞（'with'）が文末にある場合、代名詞は 'who'（主格）であるべきで、'whom'（目的格）ではありません。「With whom...」は文法的に正しいですが、非常にフォーマルです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞で終わる文：誰といるの？

文中の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

The report will send by tomorrow.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The report will be sent by tomorrow.
「send」の過去分詞は「sent」です。受動態の構造は「will be」+過去分詞を必要とします。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語受動態：未来形（〜されるだろう）

質問を完成させる正しい前置詞を選びましょう。

Which movie are you talking ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: about
動詞「talk」は、あるトピックについて話すときに、しばしば前置詞「about」を伴います。ここでは、「about」が自然に質問の最後に置かれています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞で終わる文：誰といるの？

正しい形を選んで文を完成させましょう。

The new rules ___ announced next week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: will be announced
未来単純受動態の構造は「will + be + 過去分詞」です。「announced」は「announce」の過去分詞です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語受動態：未来形（〜されるだろう）

文章を完成させる正しい形を選びましょう。

The report ______ by noon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: must be submitted
助動詞（'must'）の後は、「be」を使い、その後に主動詞の過去分詞（V3）形（'submit' → 'submitted'）を続けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)

助動詞を使った受動態が正しく使われている文はどれですか？

正しい文を選びましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The package can be delivered tomorrow.
助動詞を使った受動態の正しい構造は「modal + be + past participle (V3)」です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)

文章の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

The instructions should follow carefully.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The instructions should be followed carefully.
受動態には「be」+過去分詞（V3）が必要です。「Followed」は「follow」のV3形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞を伴う受動態 (〜されることがある)

Score: /7

よくある質問 (6)

過去に完了し、今に影響があるアクションを、誰がやったか言わずに伝えることです。例えば
The window has been broken
は、誰が割ったかより「窓が割れている」今の状態を強調します。
主語に合わせて has（単数）か have（複数・I・you）を使い、その後に been と 過去分詞 (V3) を続けます。 主語 + has/have + been + V3 の形ですね。
行動そのもの、または行動の受け手に焦点を当てる未来の行動について話す時に使います。誰がその行動を行うかは重要ではありません。例えば、「The task will be finished」のように使います。
構造は「Subject + will + be + 過去分詞 (V3)」です。例えば、「The email will be sent」となります。
基本的な構造は、「Subject + modal verb + be + past participle (V3)」です。例えば、「The problem can be solved」や「The report should be written」のように使います。
助動詞（can, should, mustなど）の後には常に動詞の原形が続きます。受動態の場合、その原形は「be」です。この構造では「am」「is」「are」に変化することはありません。
前のチャプター
Focusing on Actions with the Passive Voice
次のチャプター
表現の幅が広がる！関係代名詞で「あの人・その物」を詳しく説明しよう
ロードマップに戻る