Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about things that have happened to an object when the result is important now.
- Use 'has been' for singular objects like 'The car has been washed'.
- Use 'have been' for plural objects like 'The windows have been cleaned'.
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb after 'been'.
Overview
Your order has been picked up or Your password has been changed? まさにそれが、Present Perfect Passive（現在完了受動態）との出会いだよ。これは、「誰がやったか」よりも「何が起きたか」という*アクション*の方がずっと大事な、最近の出来事について話すときにめっちゃよく使う方法なんだ。ピザを待ってる時、デイブが取ったかサラが取ったかなんてどうでもいいでしょ？大事なのは「ピザがこっちに向かってる」ってことだけ。このガイドでは、ニュースや最新情報、日常の出来事についてプロっぽく話せるように、この構文の作り方を見ていこう。The chef has cooked the meal.（シェフが食事を作った）。でも受動態（passive voice）では、台本をひっくり返すんだ。食事を最初に持ってくる：The meal has been cooked.（食事が作られた）。これだとちょっとプロっぽく感じるし、時にはミステリアスな雰囲気も出る。結果を強調したい時にピッタリなんだ。映画の予告編のナレーションを想像してみて。The world has been changed...（世界は変えられた…）って言った方が、Some guy changed the world,（ある男が世界を変えた）って言うよりずっとカッコいいでしょ？Present Perfect（現在完了形）をあえて使うのは、そのアクションが過去の特定の時間ではなく、今の状況にすごく関連しているからなんだ。きれいな部屋を見て、My room has been cleaned!（部屋が掃除されてる！）って言う時とかね。（自分でやってなくても——親切なルームメイトに感謝だね）。ただ、家事をサボったのを隠すために使っちゃダメだよ。親にはその受動的攻撃的な（passive-aggressive）文法なんてお見通しだからね。How This Grammar Works
The windows have been washed（窓が洗われた）と言ったら、2つのことを伝えてる：1) 洗う作業がつい最近行われた、そして 2) 見て、今すごくピカピカでしょ！ってこと。「実行者（doer）」が誰か明白だったり、不明だったり、あるいは話の主人公じゃない時にこれを使うんだ。Zoomでの技術職の面接を想像してみて。いちいち I have finished the project（私がプロジェクトを完了しました）とは言わないよね。時には The project has been successfully launched（プロジェクトは無事立ち上げられました）と言った方がいい。その方が客観的に聞こえるし、達成したこと自体が際立つからね。インスタのフィルターみたいなもんで、実際のシーンは変えずに写真の視点を変えるんだ。ただ覚えておいて、受動態は怠けるためのものじゃない（名前を出さずに済むけどね）、焦点を正確にするためのものなんだ。
Formation Pattern
The report、The emails）。
has、複数の主語（I, you, we, they）には have を使う。
been を入れること。これが「受動態のマーカー」だ。
done, seen, sent, broken）。
The post has been shared.
The post hasn't been shared. (have/has の後に not を足すだけ)。
Has the post been shared? (主語と have/has を入れ替える)。
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | The app has been updated. |
アプリが更新されました。 |
| Negative | The tickets haven't been booked. |
チケットは予約されていません。 |
| Question | Has the gift been wrapped? |
プレゼントは包装されましたか？ |
| Plural Positive | The photos have been deleted. |
写真は削除されました。 |
When To Use It
- Recent News:
A new planet has been discovered!（新しい惑星が発見されました！）（TikTokのニュースクリップに最適）。 - Results & Consequences:
The flight has been cancelled.（フライトはキャンセルされました。）（悲しいけど、文法的には正しい旅行Vlogだね）。 - When the
Whois a Mystery:My bike has been stolen!（自転車が盗まれた！）（誰がやったか分からないから、能動態は使えないよね）。 - Formal Announcements:
The winners have been announced.（勝者が発表されました。）（まさにオスカー授賞式の雰囲気）。
Has the group chat been muted?（グルチャ、ミュートされた？）なんて質問、深夜2時にみんなしたことあるよね。礼儀正しくしたい時にも使えるんだ。友達に You haven't paid me（まだお金払ってくれてないよ）って言うと、攻めてるみたいに聞こえるでしょ。でも The money hasn't been sent yet（お金がまだ送られてないみたい）と言えば、人じゃなくて取引に焦点がいく。これが英文法の「丁寧なつつき（polite nudge）」ってやつだね。
Common Mistakes
- Skipping
been: これがNo.1のミス。みんなThe car has washed.って言っちゃう。これだと車がバケツとスポンジを持って自分で自分を洗い始めたことになっちゃうよ。ピクサー映画の世界に住んでない限り、beenが必要だ：The car has been washed. - Mixing up
hasandhave: 大事なのは*新しい*主語だということを忘れないで。たとえ私（単数）がthe cookies（複数）について話していても、The cookies HAVE been eaten.と言わなきゃいけない。 - Using it for specific times:
yesterdayやlast weekと一緒にこれを使っちゃダメ。It has been fixed yesterday.とは言えないんだ。それには Simple Past Passive（過去受動態）を使ってね（It was fixed yesterday）。Present Perfect は「今」とのつながりのためのものだから。 - Past Participle confusion: 単純過去形を使わないこと。
The letter has been wroteじゃなくて、The letter has been written.だよ。（不規則動詞の逆襲だ！リストを手元に置いておこう。やつらは英語のラスボスみたいなもんだから）。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
It was done）と混同しちゃうんだ。違いは完全に*時間*と*バイブス*にある。- Simple Past Passive:
The bridge was built in 1990.（橋は1990年に建設された。）（完了した、歴史的な、特定の日付）。 - Present Perfect Passive:
The bridge has been repaired.（橋は修復された。）（最近のことで、今に関連している。たぶん今はもう車で通れる）。
I have done it）。- Active:
I've sent the email.（メールを送ったよ。）（私がこの文のヒーロー）。 - Passive:
The email has been sent.（メールは送信されました。）（メールの旅路こそが重要）。
Quick FAQ
行為者（やった人）を付け足せる？
もちろん！by を使えばいいよ。The song has been covered by many artists.
会話でもよく使う？
めちゃくちゃ使うよ！特に技術的な問題、食事の注文、責任逃れをしたい時にね。
どうやったらカジュアルになる？
短縮形を使おう！The job has been done の代わりに The job's been done と言うんだ。ずっと自然に聞こえるよ。
全部の動詞で使える？
他動詞（目的語をとる動詞）だけだよ。It has been slept. とは言えない。そんなこと言ったら、すごく混乱したロボットみたいに聞こえちゃうよ。
就職面接で使っていい？
絶対にいいよ。成果がよりプロフェッショナルで確実なものに聞こえるからね。
Politeness Levels
- Formal
The client has been informed of the delay.（クライアントには遅延の件が通知されました。）（プロフェッショナルなメールスタイル）。
- Neutral
The laundry has been finished.（洗濯が終わったよ。）（標準的な日常生活）。
- Casual/Slang
The plans've been ditched.（予定はナシになったわ。）（夜遊びについて友達に送るメッセージ）。
Memory Trick
B.B.V. ルールを覚えておこう：Been + Before + Verb 3。V3 動詞の*前（Before）*に been という単語が必要なんだ。been を、過去と今の会話をつなぐ架け橋だと考えよう。
Real Conversations
*At a Café*
Staff
Has your order been taken yet?（ご注文はお決まりですか？）Customer
No, I've been waiting for ten minutes!（いいえ、もう10分も待ってるんですけど！）Staff
I'm so sorry, a waiter has been sent to your table right now.（大変申し訳ありません、ただいまウェイターをテーブルに向かわせました。）*Tech Support*
User
My account has been locked.（アカウントがロックされちゃいました。）Support
Don't worry. A reset link has been sent to your email.（ご心配なく。リセット用のリンクをメールに送信しました。）User
Thanks, it's been received!（ありがとう、届きました！）Progressive Practice
一般的な動詞の V3 を特定しよう（eat -> eaten, write -> written）。
単純な能動態の文を受動態に変換しよう（I have fixed the bug -> The bug has been fixed）。
まだ起きていないことについて否定形を練習しよう（The movie hasn't been released）。
3つの受動態の文を使って、ソーシャルメディアアプリ用の架空のステータス更新を書いてみよう。
Present Perfect Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 (Been) | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
informed
|
I have been informed.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
chosen
|
You have been chosen.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
been
|
seen
|
It has been seen.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
invited
|
We have been invited.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
warned
|
They have been warned.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the object and the current state of that object.
Recent News/Events
Reporting something that just happened where the 'who' is less important than the 'what'.
“A new law has been passed by the government.”
“The missing cat has been found!”
Changes over time
Describing how something has been modified or improved up to the present moment.
“The kitchen has been renovated recently.”
“The software has been updated to version 2.0.”
Unspecified Actor
Used when we don't know who did the action or it is obvious.
“My bike has been stolen!”
“The trash has been taken out.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 能動態 (現在完了) | 受動態 (現在完了) |
|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have eaten
|
have been eaten
|
|
He / She / It
|
has eaten
|
has been eaten
|
|
The team
|
has finished the project
|
The project has been finished
|
|
Someone
|
has stolen my phone
|
My phone has been stolen
|
|
Many people
|
have seen the film
|
The film has been seen by many people
|
|
They
|
have informed us
|
We have been informed
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The requested documentation has been submitted for your review. (Workplace communication)
The documents have been sent. (Workplace communication)
The files have been sent over. (Workplace communication)
Sent it! (Implicit passive) (Workplace communication)
現在完了受動態の基本要素
形
- has/have Auxiliary Verb
- been Past Participle of 'to be'
- V3 Main Verb (Past Participle)
いつ使う？
- 行為者が不明 Who did it? Don't know!
- 行為者が重要でない Don't care who did it.
- 結果に注目 What happened is key.
- フォーマル・客観的 News, reports
例文
- The email has been sent. Sent, but by whom?
- My phone has been fixed. It works now!
能動態 vs 受動態 (現在完了)
現在完了受動態を使うべき？
アクションは過去に完了し、今に関係がある？
「誰が」やったかは不明、または重要じゃない？
よくある利用シーン
ニュース・レポート
- • 事件の報告
- • 発見の発表
- • 政策の承認
一般的な報告
- • 変更の実施
- • 問題の解決
- • 進捗の達成
「誰が」が明白な時
- • 宿題の完了
- • 夕食の準備
- • サイトの更新
対象を強調する時
- • 賞の受賞
- • ミスの発生
- • メールの送信
レベル別の例文
The window has been broken.
The window is now in pieces.
The food has been cooked.
The food is ready to eat.
The letters have been sent.
The letters are in the mail.
The car has been washed.
The car is clean now.
Has the mail been delivered yet?
Did the mail arrive?
The keys have been lost.
Someone lost the keys.
The room has not been cleaned.
The room is still dirty.
Many books have been written about him.
People wrote many books about him.
The meeting has been rescheduled for tomorrow.
The time of the meeting changed.
All the tickets have already been sold.
There are no tickets left.
The suspect has been arrested by the police.
The police caught the person.
The software has been updated to fix the bugs.
The program was improved.
It has been argued that the policy is ineffective.
Some people say the policy doesn't work.
The ancient ruins have been preserved for centuries.
The ruins were kept in good condition.
Several complaints have been received regarding the noise.
People complained about the noise.
The contract has been signed by both parties.
Both sides agreed and signed.
The implications of this discovery have been widely discussed.
Many people talked about what this means.
Considerable progress has been made in the field of AI.
AI has improved a lot.
The budget has been slashed due to the economic crisis.
They cut the budget significantly.
The tradition has been handed down through generations.
Families passed this tradition on.
The nuances of the text have been meticulously analyzed.
They looked at every small detail of the writing.
It has been widely posited that the universe is expanding.
Scientists suggest the universe is getting bigger.
The candidate's reputation has been irrevocably tarnished.
The person's name is ruined forever.
The infrastructure has been overhauled to meet modern standards.
They completely rebuilt the systems.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'has been' when they should use 'was' for a specific time.
Mixing up 'is being done' (now) and 'has been done' (finished).
Forgetting 'been' makes the object the actor.
よくある間違い
The car has washed.
The car has been washed.
The books have been write.
The books have been written.
The window was been broken.
The window has been broken.
He has been tell.
He has been told.
The homework have been done.
The homework has been done.
Has been the mail delivered?
Has the mail been delivered?
The cake has been ate.
The cake has been eaten.
The report has been being finished.
The report has been finished.
The trees have been plant yesterday.
The trees were planted yesterday.
It has been said me.
I have been told.
The data has been analyzed since two hours.
The data has been analyzed for two hours.
The problem has been solved by now.
The problem should have been solved by now.
文型パターン
The ___ has been ___.
Have the ___ been ___ yet?
It has been ___ that ___.
___ has just been ___.
Real World Usage
A new cure for the virus has been discovered.
The meeting has been moved to Room 302.
My account has been hacked!
The flight has been delayed by two hours.
Your order has been picked up.
I have been given many responsibilities in my previous role.
「Been」を見逃さないで！
The email has been sent.
「Been」を忘れずに
The homework has been finished.
「By」を使うタイミング
The book has been translated by a famous author.
フォーマル vs カジュアル
The policy has been approved.
「今」とのつながりが大事
The project has been completed.
Smart Tips
Use the Present Perfect Passive to sound professional and focus on the project's progress.
Use 'has been' to describe the change without needing to know who did it.
Use the passive to avoid sounding like you are accusing someone directly.
Always double-check the V3 form. It's the most common place for mistakes.
発音
The weak 'been'
In natural speech, 'been' is often pronounced as /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
When using 'I've been' or 'It's been', the stress is usually on the past participle, not the auxiliary.
Rising intonation for questions
Has the mail been delivered? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'H.B.P.' — Has Been Participle. It's like a 'Happy Birthday Party' for the object!
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Finished' stamp being pressed onto a box. The box is the subject, and the stamp is the 'has been done' part. The box doesn't move itself; someone else stamps it.
Rhyme
If the work is through and the result is new, 'Has been done' is the tense for you!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He sees a broken window. He says, 'The window has been broken.' He sees an empty safe. He says, 'The money has been stolen.' He doesn't know who did it yet, but he sees the results everywhere.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Find three things that have changed today and say them in the passive. (e.g., 'The bed has been made.')
文化メモ
British speakers use the Present Perfect Passive much more frequently than Americans for recent events.
In scientific and academic writing, this tense is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone.
Used to avoid direct blame. Instead of 'You didn't pay the bill,' a company will say 'The bill hasn't been paid.'
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English 'beon' (to be) and 'weorthan' (to become).
会話のきっかけ
Has your city been changed much in the last five years?
Have you ever been told a secret you couldn't keep?
Has any of your work been published online?
What's the best gift you've ever been given?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesThe letters ___ (send) already.
Check the status of the project.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car has been wash yesterday.
Someone has stolen my bike.
Match them:
A: Is the report ready? B: Yes, it ___.
'The window has been broken.'
yet / not / the / been / bill / has / paid
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesAll the tickets for the concert ___ sold out.
The package has deliver to the wrong address.
Which of these sentences is grammatically correct?
Translate: 'Many mistakes have been made.'
Arrange these words into a meaningful sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The new policy ___ implemented successfully.
Their car have been repaired at the garage.
Select the grammatically correct sentence:
Translate: 'The window has been broken.'
Rearrange these words:
Match the verbs with their Past Participle forms:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! You can say 'The book has been written by a famous author.' However, we usually omit it if the person isn't important.
'Was done' is for a specific past time (e.g., yesterday). 'Has been done' is for an unspecified time or when the result is important now.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, the sentence is active. 'The dog has fed' means the dog gave food to someone else!
Yes, especially when talking about news, chores, or things that have gone wrong (like 'My phone has been stolen').
Absolutely. 'The winner has just been announced' is a very common way to report recent news.
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. You can't say 'He has been slept.'
Swap the subject and 'has/have'. For example: 'Has the car been washed?'
It is neutral. It can be used in both formal emails and casual conversation.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ha sido + participio
Spanish participles must match the gender and number of the subject.
a été + participe
French uses 'être' for some active perfect tenses, which can confuse learners.
ist ... worden
German uses 'become' (werden) instead of 'been' (sein) to form the passive.
-te iru (resultative state)
Japanese often avoids the passive where English requires it, preferring active verbs with unspecified subjects.
Internal Passive (Fu'ila)
There is no auxiliary verb for 'have' or 'been' in the Arabic passive.
bèi (被) + verb
Chinese does not conjugate verbs for tense or person.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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