Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about things that have happened to an object when the result is important now.
- Use 'has been' for singular objects like 'The car has been washed'.
- Use 'have been' for plural objects like 'The windows have been cleaned'.
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb after 'been'.
Overview
has been done 형태는 우리말의 시제 체계와 구조적으로 다르기 때문에 더욱 어렵게 다가올 수 있습니다. 하지만 이 문법을 제대로 이해하고 나면, 여러분의 영어 표현력은 한 단계 더 세련되게 변할 것입니다.has been done 구조로 표현됩니다.- 1현재완료 (
have/has + p.p.): 과거의 일이 현재까지 영향을 미치거나 막 완료되었음을 나타냅니다. - 2수동태 (
be + p.p.): 주어가 동작을 하는 것이 아니라, 동작을 받는 대상임을 나타냅니다.
have/has + been + p.p.라는 형태가 탄생합니다. 여기서 been은 be 동사의 과거분사(p.p.) 형태입니다. 즉, 현재완료의 틀(have + p.p.) 안에 수동태의 핵심인 be 동사를 집어넣은 것이죠.The package has been delivered. |The cafe has been closed라고 표현하여 '누군가에 의해 문이 닫혔고, 지금도 닫혀 있는 상태'임을 명확히 합니다. 이러한 사고의 전환이 현재완료 수동태 정복의 첫걸음입니다.have와 has만 잘 구분해주면 됩니다.The meeting has been rescheduled.(회의 일정이 변경되었습니다.)All the tickets have been sold.(모든 티켓이 팔렸습니다.)The software has been updated.(소프트웨어가 업데이트되었습니다.)
has, 복수(they, we, the files)이거나 I, You이면 have를 사용합니다.*hasn't나 haven't를 일상 대화에서 훨씬 더 많이 사용합니다.The problem hasn't been solved yet.(문제가 아직 해결되지 않았습니다.)The results haven't been announced.(결과가 아직 발표되지 않았습니다.)My application hasn't been reviewed.(제 지원서가 아직 검토되지 않았습니다.)
Has the email been sent?(이메일이 발송되었나요?)Have the rooms been cleaned?(방들이 청소되었나요?)How many times has this movie been seen?(이 영화는 몇 번이나 상영되었나요?)
arrived나 happened 같은 단어는 has been arrived라고 쓸 수 없습니다. 한국어로는 «도착되어졌다»가 말이 되는 것 같아도 영어에서는 절대 불가하다는 점을 꼭 기억하세요.My bike has been stolen!(내 자전거가 도난당했어!) - 누가 훔쳤는지는 모르지만, 자전거가 없어졌다는 사실과 그 결과가 지금 나를 당황하게 만든다는 점이 중요합니다.The street has been paved.(도로가 포장되었습니다.) - 구청 직원이 했는지 공사 업체가 했는지는 중요하지 않습니다. 도로 상태가 좋아졌다는 결과가 핵심입니다.
The project has been successfully completed.(프로젝트가 성공적으로 완료되었습니다.) - 우리 팀이 했다는 사실보다 '프로젝트 완료'라는 성과 자체에 초점을 맞춥니다.Your order has been shipped.(주문하신 상품이 배송되었습니다.) - 쇼핑몰 앱 알림에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 문구입니다. 배송 담당자가 누구인지는 알 필요 없죠.
New safety regulations have been implemented.(새로운 안전 규정이 시행되었습니다.)Significant changes have been made to the curriculum.(교육과정에 중대한 변화가 생겼습니다.)
Mistakes have been made.(실수가 있었습니다.) -네가 실수했어(You made a mistake)
라고 말하면 공격적으로 들릴 수 있지만, 이렇게 표현하면 상황 자체에 집중하게 되어 훨씬 부드러워집니다.The deadline has been missed.(마감 기한을 지키지 못했습니다.)
been을 빼먹는 실수 (능동태와의 혼동)been을 생략하면 주어가 직접 그 행동을 한다는 뜻이 되어버립니다.- 잘못된 표현:
The report has finished.(보고서가 무언가를 끝냈다?) - 옳은 표현:
The report has been finished.(보고서가 완료되었다.) - 이유: 한국어에서는 «보고서 끝났어»라고 주격 조사 '가/이'를 써서 능동처럼 말하기 때문에 생기는 간섭 현상입니다. 영어에서는 보고서가 스스로를 끝낼 수 없으므로 반드시
been이 필요합니다.
was done)와의 혼동- 과거 수동태:
The window was broken yesterday.(창문이 어제 깨졌다. 지금은 고쳐졌는지 알 수 없음.) - 현재완료 수동태:
The window has been broken.(창문이 깨져서 지금도 깨진 상태로 있다.) - 이유: 한국어의 «~되었다»는 과거와 현재완료의 의미를 모두 포함할 수 있기 때문입니다. '지금 현재의 상태'를 보여주고 싶다면 반드시
has been을 쓰세요.
- 잘못된 표현:
The letter has been wrote. - 옳은 표현:
The letter has been written. - 이유:
write-wrote-written의 3단 변화 중 마지막 형태를 써야 하는데, 익숙한 과거형wrote를 써버리는 경우입니다. 주요 불규칙 동사의 p.p. 형태는 반드시 암기해야 합니다.
I have fixed the car. | 내가 차를 고쳤고, 지금 차는 고쳐진 상태임. (행위자 '나' 강조) |The car has been fixed. | 차가 고쳐졌고, 지금 탈 수 있음. (대상 '차'와 결과 강조) |The car was fixed. | 과거 어느 시점에 차를 고쳤음. (지금 상태는 언급하지 않음) |The car is fixed. | 차가 고쳐진 상태임. (동작의 완료보다는 현재의 '상태' 그 자체) |Your coffee was made라고 하면 과거의 사실만 말하는 느낌이지만, Your coffee has been made라고 하면 «방금 다 만들어져서 지금 여기 있습니다»라는 현재와의 연결성이 훨씬 강해집니다.has been done 뒤에 by + 사람을 꼭 써야 하나요?by를 사용합니다. (예: This book has been loved by millions of readers.)has been done을 쓸 수 있나요?He has been promoted to manager.(그는 매니저로 승진되었습니다.)I have been invited to the party.(나는 파티에 초대받았습니다.)
already나 yet 같은 부사는 어디에 넣나요?have/has와 been 사이에 넣습니다.The work has already been done.(그 일은 이미 완료되었습니다.)The email hasn't yet been sent.(이메일이 아직 발송되지 않았습니다.)
has been done은 처음에는 복잡해 보이지만, '완료된 결과가 지금도 유효함'을 나타내는 아주 효율적인 장치입니다. 오늘 배운 내용을 바탕으로 여러분의 일상이나 업무 보고에서 사물을 주어로 한 문장을 하나씩 만들어 보세요. «내 숙제 다 했어»를 My homework has been finished라고 생각해보는 것만으로도 여러분의 영어 뇌는 빠르게 발달할 것입니다. 수고하셨습니다, 선생님은 여러분의 도전을 응원합니다!Present Perfect Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 (Been) | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
informed
|
I have been informed.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
chosen
|
You have been chosen.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
been
|
seen
|
It has been seen.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
invited
|
We have been invited.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
warned
|
They have been warned.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the object and the current state of that object.
Recent News/Events
Reporting something that just happened where the 'who' is less important than the 'what'.
“A new law has been passed by the government.”
“The missing cat has been found!”
Changes over time
Describing how something has been modified or improved up to the present moment.
“The kitchen has been renovated recently.”
“The software has been updated to version 2.0.”
Unspecified Actor
Used when we don't know who did the action or it is obvious.
“My bike has been stolen!”
“The trash has been taken out.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 능동태 (현재완료) | 수동태 (현재완료) |
|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have eaten
|
have been eaten
|
|
He / She / It
|
has eaten
|
has been eaten
|
|
The team
|
has finished the project
|
The project has been finished
|
|
Someone
|
has stolen my phone
|
My phone has been stolen
|
|
Many people
|
have seen the film
|
The film has been seen by many people
|
|
They
|
have informed us
|
We have been informed
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The requested documentation has been submitted for your review. (Workplace communication)
The documents have been sent. (Workplace communication)
The files have been sent over. (Workplace communication)
Sent it! (Implicit passive) (Workplace communication)
수동태: 현재완료 핵심 정리
형태
- has/have 조동사
- been 'to be'의 과거분사
- V3 본동사 (과거분사)
언제 사용할까
- Agent unknown 누가 했지? 몰라!
- Agent unimportant 누가 했는지는 안 중요해.
- Focus on action/result '무엇이' 핵심이야.
- Formal/objective 뉴스, 보고서
예시
- The email has been sent. 보내졌는데 누가?
- My phone has been fixed. 이제 작동해!
능동태 vs. 수동태 (현재완료) 비교
수동태 현재완료를 사용해야 할까?
과거에 완료되었고 현재와 관련 있는 행동인가요?
행동의 주체가 불분명하거나, 중요하지 않거나, 명확한가요?
일반적인 사용 사례
뉴스 & 보고서
- • 보도된 범죄
- • 발표된 발견
- • 승인된 정책
일반적인 진술
- • 변경됨
- • 해결된 문제
- • 달성된 진전
주체가 명확할 때
- • 완료된 숙제
- • 요리된 저녁 식사
- • 업데이트된 웹사이트
대상 강조
- • 받은 상
- • 저질러진 실수
- • 보낸 이메일
수준별 예문
The window has been broken.
The window is now in pieces.
The food has been cooked.
The food is ready to eat.
The letters have been sent.
The letters are in the mail.
The car has been washed.
The car is clean now.
Has the mail been delivered yet?
Did the mail arrive?
The keys have been lost.
Someone lost the keys.
The room has not been cleaned.
The room is still dirty.
Many books have been written about him.
People wrote many books about him.
The meeting has been rescheduled for tomorrow.
The time of the meeting changed.
All the tickets have already been sold.
There are no tickets left.
The suspect has been arrested by the police.
The police caught the person.
The software has been updated to fix the bugs.
The program was improved.
It has been argued that the policy is ineffective.
Some people say the policy doesn't work.
The ancient ruins have been preserved for centuries.
The ruins were kept in good condition.
Several complaints have been received regarding the noise.
People complained about the noise.
The contract has been signed by both parties.
Both sides agreed and signed.
The implications of this discovery have been widely discussed.
Many people talked about what this means.
Considerable progress has been made in the field of AI.
AI has improved a lot.
The budget has been slashed due to the economic crisis.
They cut the budget significantly.
The tradition has been handed down through generations.
Families passed this tradition on.
The nuances of the text have been meticulously analyzed.
They looked at every small detail of the writing.
It has been widely posited that the universe is expanding.
Scientists suggest the universe is getting bigger.
The candidate's reputation has been irrevocably tarnished.
The person's name is ruined forever.
The infrastructure has been overhauled to meet modern standards.
They completely rebuilt the systems.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'has been' when they should use 'was' for a specific time.
Mixing up 'is being done' (now) and 'has been done' (finished).
Forgetting 'been' makes the object the actor.
자주 하는 실수
The car has washed.
The car has been washed.
The books have been write.
The books have been written.
The window was been broken.
The window has been broken.
He has been tell.
He has been told.
The homework have been done.
The homework has been done.
Has been the mail delivered?
Has the mail been delivered?
The cake has been ate.
The cake has been eaten.
The report has been being finished.
The report has been finished.
The trees have been plant yesterday.
The trees were planted yesterday.
It has been said me.
I have been told.
The data has been analyzed since two hours.
The data has been analyzed for two hours.
The problem has been solved by now.
The problem should have been solved by now.
문장 패턴
The ___ has been ___.
Have the ___ been ___ yet?
It has been ___ that ___.
___ has just been ___.
Real World Usage
A new cure for the virus has been discovered.
The meeting has been moved to Room 302.
My account has been hacked!
The flight has been delayed by two hours.
Your order has been picked up.
I have been given many responsibilities in my previous role.
'Been'을 찾아보세요!
The package has been delivered.
'Been'을 잊지 마세요!
'By'는 언제 쓸까요?
격식 있는 어조 vs. 캐주얼한 어조
The meeting has been postponed.
'지금'과의 연관성이 중요해요
Smart Tips
Use the Present Perfect Passive to sound professional and focus on the project's progress.
Use 'has been' to describe the change without needing to know who did it.
Use the passive to avoid sounding like you are accusing someone directly.
Always double-check the V3 form. It's the most common place for mistakes.
발음
The weak 'been'
In natural speech, 'been' is often pronounced as /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
When using 'I've been' or 'It's been', the stress is usually on the past participle, not the auxiliary.
Rising intonation for questions
Has the mail been delivered? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
암기하기
기억법
Remember 'H.B.P.' — Has Been Participle. It's like a 'Happy Birthday Party' for the object!
시각적 연상
Imagine a 'Finished' stamp being pressed onto a box. The box is the subject, and the stamp is the 'has been done' part. The box doesn't move itself; someone else stamps it.
Rhyme
If the work is through and the result is new, 'Has been done' is the tense for you!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He sees a broken window. He says, 'The window has been broken.' He sees an empty safe. He says, 'The money has been stolen.' He doesn't know who did it yet, but he sees the results everywhere.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room. Find three things that have changed today and say them in the passive. (e.g., 'The bed has been made.')
문화 노트
British speakers use the Present Perfect Passive much more frequently than Americans for recent events.
In scientific and academic writing, this tense is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone.
Used to avoid direct blame. Instead of 'You didn't pay the bill,' a company will say 'The bill hasn't been paid.'
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English 'beon' (to be) and 'weorthan' (to become).
대화 시작하기
Has your city been changed much in the last five years?
Have you ever been told a secret you couldn't keep?
Has any of your work been published online?
What's the best gift you've ever been given?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The email ___ sent an hour ago.
Find and fix the mistake:
My phone has stole from my bag.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'The new rules have been announced.'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesThe letters ___ (send) already.
Check the status of the project.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car has been wash yesterday.
Someone has stolen my bike.
Match them:
A: Is the report ready? B: Yes, it ___.
'The window has been broken.'
yet / not / the / been / bill / has / paid
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesAll the tickets for the concert ___ sold out.
The package has deliver to the wrong address.
Which of these sentences is grammatically correct?
Translate: 'Many mistakes have been made.'
Arrange these words into a meaningful sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The new policy ___ implemented successfully.
Their car have been repaired at the garage.
Select the grammatically correct sentence:
Translate: 'The window has been broken.'
Rearrange these words:
Match the verbs with their Past Participle forms:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes! You can say 'The book has been written by a famous author.' However, we usually omit it if the person isn't important.
'Was done' is for a specific past time (e.g., yesterday). 'Has been done' is for an unspecified time or when the result is important now.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, the sentence is active. 'The dog has fed' means the dog gave food to someone else!
Yes, especially when talking about news, chores, or things that have gone wrong (like 'My phone has been stolen').
Absolutely. 'The winner has just been announced' is a very common way to report recent news.
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. You can't say 'He has been slept.'
Swap the subject and 'has/have'. For example: 'Has the car been washed?'
It is neutral. It can be used in both formal emails and casual conversation.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ha sido + participio
Spanish participles must match the gender and number of the subject.
a été + participe
French uses 'être' for some active perfect tenses, which can confuse learners.
ist ... worden
German uses 'become' (werden) instead of 'been' (sein) to form the passive.
-te iru (resultative state)
Japanese often avoids the passive where English requires it, preferring active verbs with unspecified subjects.
Internal Passive (Fu'ila)
There is no auxiliary verb for 'have' or 'been' in the Arabic passive.
bèi (被) + verb
Chinese does not conjugate verbs for tense or person.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
04:26 The solution to our energy problems is … a toaster - Rachel Yang
07:56 The salmon dilemma
09:35 Apple Cider Beef Pot Roast | Food Wishes
PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step
Arnel's Everyday English
Active and Passive Voice Tricks | Active Voice and Passive Voice in English Grammar | ChetChat
ChetChat
Passive Voice | English Grammar Lessons For Beginners | Spoken English For Beginners
WOW English
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### 개요 수동태는 영어에서 행위의 주체(agent)가 알려지지 않았거나, 중요하지 않거나, 혹은 의도적으로 생략될 때 사용되는...
수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
### Overview 영어에서 `He is said to be...`와 같은 수동태 전달 구문(Passive Reporting Structures)은 정보, 의견, 또는 믿...
