B1 · 중급 챕터 8

Advanced Passive Forms and Natural Phrasing

4 총 규칙
47 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your English by mastering advanced passive constructions and natural, conversational phrasing.

  • Construct sentences using Present Perfect and Future passive forms.
  • Apply modal verbs to passive structures for added nuance.
  • Understand the natural use of terminal prepositions in English questions.
Sound more sophisticated and natural every day.

배울 내용

Ready to make your English sound more natural and sophisticated? In this chapter, you'll master how to use passive forms with modal verbs and even understand why sentences sometimes end with prepositions. Soon, you’ll be expressing ideas with greater flexibility and sounding truly confident!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe completed and future tasks using the passive voice.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Construct natural-sounding questions that end with prepositions.

챕터 가이드

Overview

As a B1 English learner, you've already built a solid foundation in the language. Now, it's time to refine your expression and unlock a whole new level of fluency and sophistication. This chapter,
Advanced Passive Forms and Natural Phrasing,
is designed to help you do exactly that.
We’ll explore how to use passive structures not just correctly, but naturally, making your English sound more confident and authentic.
You'll discover how to leverage passive forms with modal verbs like can be done to discuss possibilities and necessities without always stating who is doing the action. We'll also delve into the Present Perfect Passive and Future Simple Passive, which are fantastic tools for focusing on results and future outcomes. Additionally, we’ll tackle one of the most common hangups for learners: ending sentences with prepositions.
You'll learn that this isn't a mistake but often a hallmark of natural, modern English. Mastering these aspects of B1 English grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas with greater flexibility and ease. Get ready to sound truly like a native speaker!

How This Grammar Works

At its core, the passive voice shifts the focus of a sentence from the doer of an action to the receiver or result of that action. This is incredibly useful when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious, allowing you to highlight what really matters. For B1 learners, understanding the nuances of the passive voice with various tenses and modal verbs is crucial for advanced communication.
Let's start with the Present Perfect Passive. We form it with has/have been + past participle. It's used for actions completed in the recent past that have a result now, where the action itself or its outcome is more important than who did it.
For example,
The new policies have been approved by the board
emphasizes the approval, not necessarily the individuals on the board. Similarly, the Future Simple Passive uses will be + past participle to talk about actions that will be completed in the future, again, with the focus on the action or result.
The new bridge will be completed by next year,
tells us about the bridge's future state, regardless of which construction company builds it.
Next, we introduce Passive Voice with Modal Verbs. This is incredibly versatile! You combine a modal verb (like *can, should, must, might, could*) with be + past participle.
This structure allows you to express possibility (
The problem can be solved easily
), necessity (
The rules must be followed
), or advice (
The report should be reviewed before submission
). This adds great flexibility to your English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing. Finally, addressing the fear of ending with prepositions: It's a natural and common feature of English, especially in questions or when an object is implied.
Instead of
With whom are you going?
, a native speaker would almost always say,
Who are you going with?
It sounds much more natural and less formal.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Missing the 'be' verb in passive constructions.
* ✗ The window broken.
* ✓ The window was broken.
* Explanation: All passive structures require a form of 'to be' (e.g., *is, was, will be, has been, can be*) before the past participle.
  1. 1✗ Overusing the passive voice when the active voice would be clearer or more natural.
* ✗ The ball was kicked by the boy.
* ✓ The boy kicked the ball.
* Explanation: While passive is useful, sometimes the active voice is simpler and more direct. Use passive strategically to shift focus, not as a default.
  1. 1✗ Unnecessarily restructuring sentences to avoid ending with a preposition, making them sound overly formal or awkward.
* ✗ To whom are you speaking?
* ✓ Who are you speaking to?
* Explanation: In everyday conversation, ending a question or a relative clause with a preposition is perfectly natural and common. Embrace it!

Real Conversations

A

A

The project proposal has been sent to the client. Have you seen their feedback yet?
B

B

Not yet. It will be reviewed by the team tomorrow morning, so we should get comments then.
A

A

I can't find my keys anywhere!
B

B

Don't worry, they can be found if we look carefully. Did you check your jacket pocket?
A

A

Who was that meeting with? I saw you talking for ages.
B

B

Oh, that was Maya, my new colleague. We were discussing the upcoming event.

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use the Present Perfect Passive?

You should use it to talk about an action that was completed recently and has a result now, especially when the person who did the action is unknown or less important than the action itself. For example,

My laptop has been repaired
focuses on the laptop being fixed, not who fixed it.

Q

Is it always acceptable to end a sentence with a preposition?

In informal and most common English communication, yes! It's very natural, especially in questions (

What are you looking for?
) or certain clauses. Only in very formal writing or speech might you prefer to avoid it.

Q

Are advanced passive forms common in everyday speech?

Absolutely! While sometimes seen as formal, structures like

It can be done
or
The message has been received
are frequently used to express ideas efficiently and naturally without always naming the doer of the action.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these English advanced passive forms and natural phrasing patterns constantly, often without even thinking about them. The passive voice is a tool for emphasis and clarity, allowing speakers to navigate conversations smoothly. While formal writing might sometimes place prepositions before the object (e.g.,
The person with whom I spoke
), everyday conversation overwhelmingly favors ending sentences with prepositions.
There are no significant regional differences in this usage; it's a common feature across all major English accents and dialects.

주요 예문 (6)

1

The new cafe `has been opened` on Main Street.

메인 스트리트에 새 카페가 문을 열었어요.

수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)
2

My Instagram account `has been hacked`!

내 인스타그램 계정이 해킹당했어요!

수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)
3

The new bridge will be completed by next year.

새 다리는 내년까지 완공될 거예요.

영어 수동태: 미래 단순 (될 것이다)
4

Your application will be reviewed soon.

당신의 지원서는 곧 검토될 예정입니다.

영어 수동태: 미래 단순 (될 것이다)
5

The new features `can be tested` by next week.

새로운 기능들은 다음 주까지 테스트될 수 있습니다.

조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)
6

Sensitive information `must be protected` carefully.

민감한 정보는 신중하게 보호되어야 합니다.

조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

'Been'을 찾아보세요!

'has been' 또는 'have been' 뒤에 과거분사(V3)가 보인다면, 현재완료 수동태일 가능성이 높아요. 이건 행동의 주체보다 «결과»에 집중한다는 중요한 힌트랍니다.
The package has been delivered.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)
💡

'Will Be'를 찾아보세요

'will be' 다음에 과거분사(V3)가 오면 미래 수동태예요. 이 조합이 바로 미래 수동태를 찾는 황금 열쇠랍니다.
The package will be delivered.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 수동태: 미래 단순 (될 것이다)
💡

동작의 대상에 집중하기

이 문법은 '누가' 했는지보다 '무엇이' 어떻게 되었는지에 집중하고 싶을 때 딱 좋아요. 누가 그랬는지 모르거나 중요하지 않을 때, 좀 더 객관적이고 돌려 말하는 느낌을 줄 수 있어요: "Remember, the passive voice shifts attention away from the 'doer'. If the agent is unknown, unimportant, or you want to keep things general, passive with modals is your friend. It helps you sound less accusatory and more objective."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)
💡

자연스러움을 믿으세요

일상 대화에서는 전치사를 문장 끝에 두는 게 훨씬 원어민스러워요. 억지로 순서를 바꾸지 말고
Who are you talking to?
라고 말해 보세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 전치사로 끝나는 문장: 누구와 함께 있나요?

핵심 어휘 (5)

renovated updated or repaired scheduled planned for a time prohibited not allowed inquired asked about accessible easy to reach

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Office Planning

Review Summary

  • has/have been + past participle
  • will be + past participle
  • modal + be + past participle
  • Question word + ... + preposition?

자주 하는 실수

The report cannot finish itself! You need the 'been' to make it passive.

Wrong: The report has finished.
정답: The report has been finished.

Always include 'be' when using the future passive.

Wrong: It will finished tomorrow.
정답: It will be finished tomorrow.

While 'To whom' is correct in formal writing, 'Who... to' is the natural, modern way to speak.

Wrong: To whom are you speaking?
정답: Who are you speaking to?

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress in this chapter. Keep practicing these structures in your daily emails!

Listen to a news report and note the passive sentences.

Continue to: 문장을 매끄럽게 잇는 마법: 사람과 사물 상세히 설명하기

빠른 연습 (10)

수동태 문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 선택하세요.

The email ___ sent an hour ago.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has been
주어 'The email'은 단수이므로 'has'를 씁니다. 'Sent'는 과거분사입니다. 따라서 'has been sent'가 올바른 수동태 형태입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)

문장을 완성하는 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

The new rules ___ announced next week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: will be announced
미래 단순 수동태는 'will + be + 과거분사' 구조를 가져요. 'Announced'는 'announce'의 과거분사입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 수동태: 미래 단순 (될 것이다)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The report will send by tomorrow.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The report will be sent by tomorrow.
'send'의 과거분사는 'sent'입니다. 수동태 구조는 'will be' + 과거분사를 필요로 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 수동태: 미래 단순 (될 것이다)

문장을 완성하는 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

The report ______ by noon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: must be submitted
조동사('must') 뒤에는 'be'와 주동사의 과거분사(V3) 형태('submit' -> 'submitted')가 와야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

My phone has stole from my bag.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone has been stolen from my bag.
현재완료 수동태는 'has/have + been + 과거분사' 형태를 사용합니다. 'Stole'은 단순 과거형이고, 과거분사는 'stolen'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The package can be delivered tomorrow.
조동사 수동태의 올바른 구조는 '조동사 + be + 과거분사(V3)'예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The instructions should follow carefully.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The instructions should be followed carefully.
수동태는 'be' + 과거분사(V3)가 필요해요. 'Followed'가 'follow'의 V3 형태랍니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사가 있는 수동태 (~될 수 있다)

현재완료 수동태를 올바르게 사용한 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The documents have been filed by the assistant.
주어 'The documents'는 복수이므로 과거분사 'filed' 앞에 'have been'이 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 현재완료 (~되어왔다)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Whom did you go to the concert with?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Who did you go to the concert with?
전치사('with')가 문장 끝에 올 때는 'whom' 대신 주격인 'who'를 쓰는 게 훨씬 자연스러워요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 전치사로 끝나는 문장: 누구와 함께 있나요?

질문을 완성하기 위해 알맞은 전치사를 고르세요.

Which movie are you talking ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: about
'talk'는 어떤 주제에 대해 말할 때 'about'과 함께 쓰여요. 질문 끝에 자연스럽게 위치합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 전치사로 끝나는 문장: 누구와 함께 있나요?

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

과거에 완료되었고 '지금'과 관련된 행동에 초점을 맞추는 거예요. 누가 그 행동을 했는지는 말할 필요가 없거나 중요하지 않을 때 쓰죠. 예를 들어, 'The window has been broken'은 누가 창문을 깼는지보다는 창문의 '현재 상태'를 강조해요.
주어가 단수일 때는 'has', 복수일 때는 'have'를 쓰고, 그 뒤에 'been', 그리고 동사의 과거분사(V3)를 붙이면 돼요. 공식은 Subject + has/have + been + V3랍니다.
미래에 일어날 행동에 대해 말할 때, 누가 그 행동을 하는지보다 행동 자체나 행동을 받는 대상에 초점을 맞추고 싶을 때 사용해요. 예를 들어,
The task will be finished.
주어 + will + be + 과거분사 (V3) 형태로 만들어요. 예를 들어,
The email will be sent.
기본 구조는 주어 + 조동사 + be + 과거분사(V3)예요. 예를 들어, 'The problem can be solved'(그 문제는 해결될 수 있다)나 'The report should be written'(그 보고서는 작성되어야 한다)처럼요.
조동사('can', 'should', 'must' 등) 다음에는 항상 동사원형이 와야 해요. 그리고 수동태에서는 그 동사원형이 바로 'be'이기 때문이죠. 'am', 'is', 'are'로는 절대 변하지 않는답니다.
이전 챕터
Focusing on Actions with the Passive Voice
다음 챕터
문장을 매끄럽게 잇는 마법: 사람과 사물 상세히 설명하기
로드맵으로 돌아가기