परफेक्ट पैसिव जेरंड (किया जा चुका होना)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Perfect Passive Gerund describes an action that was done to someone in the past, acting as a noun in the sentence.
- Use 'having been' + past participle for past passive actions (e.g., 'having been told').
- Place 'not' before 'having' to make it negative (e.g., 'not having been invited').
- Use it after verbs or prepositions that require a gerund (e.g., 'He complained about having been ignored').
Overview
Perfect Passive Gerund (जिसकी बनावट having been + past participle होती है)। यह एक ऐसा टूल है जो तुम्हारी भाषा को साधारण से असाधारण बना सकता है।After he was promoted, he was very happy. यह बिल्कुल सही है, लेकिन एक Advanced Speaker इसे और भी संक्षिप्त और प्रभावशाली तरीके से कहेगा: Having been promoted, he was very happy. यहाँ having been promoted ही हमारा Perfect Passive Gerund है।being done (Simple Passive Gerund) और having been done (Perfect Passive Gerund) के बीच का सूक्ष्म अंतर क्या है। जहाँ being done वर्तमान या सामान्य स्थिति को दर्शाता है, वहीं having been done उस काम पर ज़ोर देता है जो पूरी तरह समाप्त हो चुका है। यह अंतर ही तुम्हारी Writing और Speaking को एक Professional और Academic टच देता है।Perfect Passive Gerund को समझने के लिए हमें इसके तीन मुख्य स्तंभों को तोड़कर देखना होगा। जैसे एक अच्छी चाय के लिए सही मात्रा में पत्ती, चीनी और दूध चाहिए, वैसे ही इस स्ट्रक्चर के लिए इन तीन चीज़ों का होना ज़रूरी है:- 1
having(The Perfect Aspect): English मेंhaveकाingरूप यानीhaving, पूर्णता (Completion) का प्रतीक है। यह संकेत देता है कि हम जिस काम की बात कर रहे हैं, वह मुख्य क्रिया से पहले ही खत्म हो चुका है। - 2
been(The Passive Marker): यहto beका तीसरा रूप (Past Participle) है। इसके बिना कोई भी पैसिव वाक्य अधूरा है। यह बताता है कि कर्ता काम 'कर' नहीं रहा है, बल्कि कर्ता पर काम 'हो' रहा है। - 3
Past Participle(The Main Action): यह क्रिया का तीसरा रूप (V3) है जो मुख्य कार्य को दर्शाता है (जैसेtold,seen,written)।
- English:
Having been warned, he stayed away. - Hindi: चेतावनी दिए जाने के बाद, वह दूर रहा।
having been अकेले कर देता है।V + ing | कर्ता काम करता है (सामान्य/जारी) | I like teaching. |Having + V3 | कर्ता ने काम पूरा कर लिया है | Having taught, I left. |Being + V3 | कर्ता पर काम हो रहा है | I hate being interrupted. |Having been + V3 | कर्ता पर काम पूरा हो चुका है | Having been told, I knew. |Perfect Passive Gerund को बनाने का तरीका बहुत ही सीधा और 'Rigid' है। इसमें बदलाव की गुंजाइश नहीं होती। इसका फॉर्मूला हमेशा यही रहेगा:Having + Been + Past Participle (V3)Past Participle चुनना है।-ed लगाया जाता है।Approve→Having been approved(मंजूरी मिलने के बाद)Punish→Having been punished(सज़ा मिलने के बाद)Ignore→Having been ignored(नज़रअंदाज़ किए जाने के बाद)
Give→Having been given(दिए जाने के बाद)See→Having been seen(देखे जाने के बाद)Forget→Having been forgotten(भुला दिए जाने के बाद)Take→Having been taken(ले जाए जाने के बाद)
- विषय (Subject) के रूप में:
Having been chosen for the team was his greatest honor.(टीम के लिए चुना जाना उसका सबसे बड़ा सम्मान था।) - Preposition के बाद:
He was relieved after having been found.(मिल जाने के बाद उसने राहत की सांस ली।) - Adverbial Phrase के रूप में:
Having been warned twice, the student was finally suspended.(दो बार चेतावनी दिए जाने के बाद, छात्र को अंततः निलंबित कर दिया गया।)
Having been raised in a bilingual family, she speaks both Hindi and English fluently.
for, about, of, after जैसे शब्दों के बाद इसका बहुत प्रयोग होता है।The company was criticized for having been involved in the scandal.
for के बाद हमने बताया कि आलोचना क्यों हुई।)She is still angry about having been lied to.
- साधारण:
The building was demolished because it had been damaged by the earthquake. - Advanced:
Having been damaged by the earthquake, the building was demolished.
He felt proud of having been invited to speak at the conference.
been को भूल जाना (The Missing 'Been'):been हटा दोगे, तो वाक्य 'Active' बन जाएगा और अर्थ पूरी तरह बदल जाएगा।- गलत:
Having selected for the job, I was happy.(इसका मतलब हुआ कि तुमने किसी को चुना, जबकि तुम कहना चाहते थे कि तुम्हें चुना गया।) - सही:
Having been selected for the job, I was happy.
Simple Passive और Perfect Passive में भ्रम:- गलत:
I enjoy having been praised.(यह तब तक गलत है जब तक तुम यह नहीं कहना चाहते कि तुम्हें 'अतीत में' हुई तारीफ का अब मज़ा आता है।) - सही:
I enjoy being praised.(मुझे तारीफ पाना पसंद है - सामान्य आदत।) - सही:
Having been praised by the CEO, he felt motivated.(CEO द्वारा तारीफ किए जाने के बाद, उसने प्रेरित महसूस किया - एक विशिष्ट घटना जो हो चुकी है।)
having been... से शुरू होने वाले वाक्यांश का कर्ता वही होना चाहिए जो मुख्य वाक्य का है।- गलत:
Having been repaired, the owner drove the car.(यहाँ ऐसा लग रहा है जैसे मालिक की मरम्मत हुई है!) - सही:
Having been repaired, the car was driven by the owner.(यहाँ कार की मरम्मत हुई, और कार ही मुख्य विषय है।)
V2 का उपयोग करना:having been के बाद क्रिया का दूसरा रूप लगा देते हैं।- गलत:
Having been took... - सही:
Having been taken...(हमेशा V3 का ही प्रयोग करें।)
After being इस्तेमाल करें और कब Having been। हालाँकि दोनों का अर्थ लगभग समान है, लेकिन इनमें सूक्ष्म अंतर है।After being + V3 | यह घटना के क्रम (Sequence) पर ज़ोर देता है। | After being told the news, she cried. |Having been + V3 | यह घटना की पूर्णता और उसके 'कारण' (Reason) पर अधिक ज़ोर देता है। | Having been told the news, she knew what to do. |Being + V3 | यह एक साथ होने वाली क्रियाओं या सामान्य नापसंद को दिखाता है। | Being treated like a child is annoying. |Being hit by a ball is painful.(गेंद से चोट लगना दर्दनाक होता है - एक सामान्य सच्चाई।)Having been hit by a ball, he left the field.(गेंद लगने के बाद, वह मैदान छोड़कर चला गया - एक विशेष घटना जो पहले हुई।)
Having been की जगह सिर्फ After being का इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ?After being का अर्थ वही निकलता है और यह बोलने में थोड़ा आसान लगता है। लेकिन Having been अधिक 'Sophisticated' और 'Formal' माना जाता है। IELTS या TOEFL जैसी परीक्षाओं में Having been का सही इस्तेमाल तुम्हें बेहतर स्कोर दिला सकता है।Having been का प्रयोग नकारात्मक वाक्यों में हो सकता है?not को सबसे पहले लगा दें।Not having been informed about the change, I arrived at the old venue. (बदलाव के बारे में सूचित न किए जाने के कारण, मैं पुराने स्थान पर पहुँच गया।)I was told... so I...।
Having been के साथ 'Tense' बदलता है?Having been + V3 अपने आप में स्थिर है। वाक्य का काल (Tense) मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) से तय होता है।Having been warned, he is careful.(Present)Having been warned, he was careful.(Past)Having been warned, he will be careful.(Future)
Perfect Passive Gerund एक ऐसा औज़ार है जो तुम्हारी अंग्रेजी में 'Logic' और 'Flow' लाता है। इसे इस्तेमाल करने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका यह है कि जब भी तुम कोई ऐसी बात कहना चाहो जहाँ अतीत में तुम्हारे साथ (या किसी चीज़ के साथ) कुछ हुआ हो और उसका असर अब दिख रहा हो, तो इस स्ट्रक्चर को याद करो। बस having, been और V3 का तालमेल सही रखो, और तुम एक Expert Speaker की तरह सुनाई दोगे। समझे? समझे? समझे?Perfect Passive Gerund Structure
| Polarity | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 | Main Verb (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
having
|
been
|
told
|
having been told
|
|
Negative
|
not having
|
been
|
told
|
not having been told
|
|
Question
|
About having
|
been
|
told?
|
Are you upset about having been told?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
Having been
|
None
|
This form is never contracted in formal English.
|
|
Not having been
|
None
|
Avoid contracting 'not' with 'having' in this specific structure.
|
Meanings
A verb form that functions as a noun, representing a completed action that was performed upon the subject at an earlier time.
Expressing Regret or Complaint
Used to describe past mistreatment or missed opportunities that cause current negative feelings.
“She expressed regret at having been passed over for the promotion.”
“I am tired of having been treated like a child by the management.”
Legal and Formal Reporting
Used in formal documents to refer to past events that have been officially recorded or verified.
“The defendant denied having been seen at the crime scene.”
“The report mentions the building having been inspected twice last year.”
Gratitude and Recognition
Used to acknowledge past help or honors received.
“I am grateful for having been given this opportunity to speak.”
“She was honored for having been chosen as the representative.”
Reference Table
| स्ट्रक्चर | मतलब | उदाहरण | टाइमिंग पर ज़ोर |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Active Perfect Gerund
|
सब्जेक्ट ने दूसरे एक्शन से पहले एक्शन पूरा किया।
|
`Having written` the report, she relaxed.
|
सब्जेक्ट ने *किया*, फिर कुछ और।
|
|
Passive Gerund
|
सब्जेक्ट को चल रहा/सामान्य एक्शन मिल रहा है।
|
She dislikes `being interrupted`.
|
सब्जेक्ट को एक्शन *मिल रहा* है (सामान्य तौर पर)।
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund
|
सब्जेक्ट को दूसरे एक्शन से पहले एक *पूरा हो चुका* एक्शन मिला।
|
`Having been told` the news, he cried.
|
सब्जेक्ट को *पूरा हो चुका* एक्शन मिला, फिर कुछ और।
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund
|
एक पास्ट पैसिव इवेंट पर प्रतिक्रिया।
|
He appreciated `having been chosen`.
|
उस पर *पूरे हो चुके* एक्शन पर प्रतिक्रिया।
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund + Preposition
|
पैसिव इवेंट्स के क्रम को स्पष्ट करता है।
|
After `having been interviewed`, I felt calm.
|
पूरा हुआ इंटरव्यू शांत महसूस करने से *पहले*।
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund (Negative)
|
एक पूरा हो चुका एक्शन नहीं मिला।
|
She regretted `not having been invited`.
|
पछतावे से *पहले* एक्शन *नहीं मिला*।
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
I wish to express my dissatisfaction regarding having been ignored by the staff. (Customer service complaint)
I'm upset about having been ignored. (Customer service complaint)
It sucks having been ignored like that. (Customer service complaint)
Getting ghosted after having been hyped up is trash. (Customer service complaint)
परफेक्ट पैसिव जेरंड: 'मेरे साथ हुआ' वो पल
बनावट
- Having परफेक्ट पहलू
- Been पैसिव वॉइस
- Past Participle मुख्य क्रिया
मुख्य विचार
- Prior Completion एक्शन दूसरे इवेंट से *पहले* खत्म हुआ
- Subject Receives एक्शन सब्जेक्ट के *साथ* होता है
उपयोग के संदर्भ
- Reactions/Feelings एक पास्ट पैसिव इवेंट के बाद
- After Prepositions जैसे, 'after having been...'
- Formal Writing सटीकता बढ़ाने के लिए
Being Done बनाम Having Been Done: समय मायने रखता है!
क्या मुझे 'Having Been Done' की ज़रूरत है?
क्या मुख्य एक्शन पैसिव है (सब्जेक्ट उसे रिसीव करता है)?
क्या यह पैसिव एक्शन किसी दूसरे इवेंट या समय बिंदु से *पहले* पूरा हो चुका था जिसकी आप बात कर रहे हैं?
परफेक्ट पैसिव जेरंड के साथ सामान्य क्रियाएँ
भावनाओं/एहसासों की क्रियाएँ
- • regretted having been...
- • annoyed at having been...
- • proud of having been...
- • happy about having been...
कम्युनिकेशन की क्रियाएँ
- • after having been told...
- • about having been informed...
- • without having been consulted...
- • despite having been promised...
सामान्य क्रियाएँ
- • after having been seen...
- • before having been done...
- • having been accepted...
- • having been chosen...
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I like having been helped.
I like that someone helped me before.
He is sad about having been left.
He is sad because someone left him.
Thank you for having been kind.
Thank you for being kind to me in the past.
She is happy about having been picked.
She is happy because they chose her.
He talked about having been invited to the party.
He mentioned that someone invited him earlier.
She was angry about not having been told the truth.
She was mad because no one told her the truth before.
They were proud of having been chosen for the team.
They felt good because the coach picked them.
I don't remember having been seen there.
I don't think anyone saw me there in the past.
The actor complained about having been misquoted in the article.
The actor was unhappy because the journalist wrote the wrong words.
She regretted having been persuaded to buy the expensive car.
She felt bad that someone convinced her to buy it.
He apologized for having been distracted during the lesson.
He said sorry because he wasn't paying attention earlier.
We were relieved at having been rescued from the storm.
We felt better because someone saved us.
The politician denied having been briefed on the security threat.
The politician said he was never given the information.
Having been warned about the risks, they decided to proceed anyway.
Because they were warned before, they knew the danger.
She was frustrated by having been overlooked for the lead role.
She was upset because they didn't consider her for the part.
The company was fined for having been found guilty of pollution.
The company had to pay money because they broke the law.
The CEO's resignation, having been prompted by the scandal, was inevitable.
The scandal caused the CEO to quit.
He spoke eloquently about having been marginalized by society for years.
He talked about his experience of being ignored by people.
The manuscript shows signs of having been edited by multiple authors.
It looks like many people changed the text in the past.
Not having been informed of the changes, the staff continued as usual.
Because no one told the staff, they didn't change anything.
The protagonist's existential dread stems from having been uprooted from his homeland.
His fear comes from being forced to leave his country.
The treaty was criticized for having been negotiated behind closed doors.
People didn't like that the deal was made in secret.
She attributed her success to having been mentored by the industry's finest.
She said she succeeded because great people taught her.
The ruins bear witness to the city having been besieged for over a decade.
The old buildings show that the city was under attack for a long time.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners forget 'been', changing the meaning from passive to active.
Using 'being done' for past events.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
I like having helped.
I like having been helped.
He is happy about having not been invited.
He is happy about not having been invited.
She denied having being told.
She denied having been told.
I regret being told that yesterday.
I regret having been told that yesterday.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I am grateful for having been ___.
She denied having been ___ at the scene.
Real World Usage
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to lead that project.
The tenant complained about having been evicted without notice.
Tired of having been treated like an option when I made you a priority.
The data is unreliable due to the sensors having been calibrated incorrectly.
The patient reports having been diagnosed with asthma in childhood.
The claim was rejected due to the car having been left unlocked.
सोचो 'उससे पहले'
After having been told the news, he reacted.
एक्टिव से कन्फ्यूज मत हो
having done) का इस्तेमाल करते। हमेशा पैसिव पर ध्यान दो! Having written the letter, she mailed it.
प्रीपोजिशन के साथ जोड़ो
She felt relieved after having been interviewed.
ज़्यादा पॉलिशड लगो
The report, having been thoroughly reviewed, was submitted.
Smart Tips
Replace 'I'm sorry that I was...' with 'I apologize for having been...'.
Check if the action is still happening. If it's 100% over, use 'having been'.
Always use 'having been' if the denial is about a specific past event.
Use a perfect passive gerund to delete 'that' and 'because'.
उच्चारण
The 'H' in Having
In rapid speech, the 'h' in 'having' is often dropped, sounding like 'avin'.
Reduction of 'Been'
The word 'been' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'bin'.
Stress on 'Not'
I'm angry about NOT having been told.
Emphasizes the lack of information.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
H.B.P. - Having Been Past. If it happened to you before, use these three for sure!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a 'Past' stamp being pressed onto a 'Passive' envelope. The stamp is 'Having' and the envelope is 'Been + V3'.
Rhyme
To show the past was done to you, 'Having been' is what you do!
Story
A detective finds a note. It says 'I regret having been caught.' The detective knows the thief is talking about the past arrest, not the current one.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write three sentences about your last job using 'having been'. Example: 'I enjoyed having been challenged by my boss.'
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
British speakers use this form frequently in formal letters of complaint to maintain a polite but firm distance.
In US business, this form is used in performance reviews to highlight past achievements objectively.
Global academic English relies on this form to discuss historical theories that were later disproven.
The gerund evolved from Old English verbal nouns ending in -ung/-ing. The perfect and passive additions developed in Middle English as the language became more analytical.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Have you ever regretted having been persuaded to do something?
How do you feel about having been raised in your hometown?
Can you mention a time you were proud of having been chosen for a task?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
She regretted ___ the important email.
Find and fix the mistake:
After being informed of the cancellation, he left.
सही वाक्य चुनें:
Translate into English: 'Ella estaba feliz de haber sido elegida para el papel.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /4
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesHe was disappointed about not ___ to the wedding.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
He denied having being seen at the bank.
He was punished for ___.
The word 'not' comes after 'having' in the perfect passive gerund.
A: Why is she so happy? B: She's thrilled about ___ for the scholarship.
Identify the form:
Active: 'Having seen' -> Passive: ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy, ___ by the board, was implemented last week.
He was accused of stolen the company's data.
सही वाक्य चुनें:
Translate into English: 'Después de haber sido despedido, él buscó un nuevo empleo.'
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करें:
सब्जेक्ट्स को सही फॉर्म के साथ मैच करें:
She expressed relief at ___ a second chance.
She remembered being interviewed for the job a year ago.
सही वाक्य चुनें:
Translate into English: 'Ella se quejaba de haber sido tratada injustamente.'
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करें:
परिदृश्यों को मैच करें:
Score: /12
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
'Being done' is for current or general actions. 'Having been done' is for specific actions that are already finished.
Yes! For example: 'Having been warned, I was careful.' However, in that case, it is technically a 'Perfect Participle', not a gerund.
Yes, when followed by a past participle (V3), it is always passive.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, 'having told' means you told someone else.
It is less common in casual speech but very common in professional and academic English.
Yes, but 'there' is an adverb, so this is the perfect active form of 'to be'. For the passive gerund, you need a V3 like 'I regret not having been invited.'
It only works with transitive verbs (verbs that can have an object) because only transitive verbs can be passive.
You usually put it inside a question: 'Are you upset about having been ignored?'
Scaffolded Practice
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In Other Languages
Haber sido + participio
English uses the -ing form after prepositions, while Spanish uses the infinitive.
Avoir été + participe passé
French requires 'de' or 'à' before the infinitive, similar to English prepositions.
[Partizip II] + worden zu sein
Word order is the primary struggle for learners moving between these two.
〜されたこと (sareta koto)
Japanese doesn't have a specific 'perfect' aspect in the same way; the past tense covers it.
كونه قد [verb]
Arabic grammar is root-based and doesn't use auxiliary 'having'.
被...过 (bèi...guò)
Chinese relies on word order and particles rather than verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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