Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Perfect Passive Gerund describes an action that was done to someone in the past, acting as a noun in the sentence.
- Use 'having been' + past participle for past passive actions (e.g., 'having been told').
- Place 'not' before 'having' to make it negative (e.g., 'not having been invited').
- Use it after verbs or prepositions that require a gerund (e.g., 'He complained about having been ignored').
Overview
having been + 过去分词 结构，是英语中一个非常精妙的语法工具，用于清晰地表达事件的先后顺序。它的核心功能是表明一个被动的动作在主句的动作或状态发生之前已经完成。它回答了这样一个问题：“在发生这件事之前，（主语）已经经历了什么？”Having been reviewed, the report is now ready.”（审阅完毕后，报告现在可以了）。前者是简单的顺序，后者则明确地将完成的审阅作为报告准备就绪的必要前提。being done) 不同，后者描述的是一个正在进行或普遍的被动经历（例如：She hates being interrupted. 她讨厌被打断），而完美式被动语态的动名词则强调动作的终结性。例如：She was relieved after having been told the truth.（在被告知真相后，她松了一口气。）这里的“告知”已经结束，而“松了一口气”是其结果。这种时间上的区分不仅仅是风格上的点缀，更是高级英语中清晰、逻辑性沟通的基本要素。掌握这种形式能让你构建出不仅语法复杂，而且信息密度更高、逻辑更连贯的句子，这是专业和学术写作的标志。- 1
having(完成时态标记)：在英语语法中，“完成时态”表示在另一时间点之前完成的动作。当have以动名词形式having出现时，它就承载了这种完成的含义。它充当了一个时间锚点，从主语动词的角度确立了动作的完成性。在Having finished the project...（完成项目后...）中，“完成”这个动作已经做完了。
- 1
been(被动语态标记)：这是to be的过去分词。它在这里的出现是明确的被动语态标记。它表明动名词结构的主语是动作的接受者，而不是执行者。例如：The car was washed.（车被洗了。）这里的“车”是动作的接受者。Been在这个动名词结构中起着同样的作用。
- 1
Past Participle(词汇意义)：这是携带核心动作的主要动词形式（例如：told,seen,revised,promoted）。它具体说明了施加在主语上的动作是什么。
having（已完成） + been（被动） + past participle（动作本身），就构成了一个强大而单一的意义单元：一个在过去已完成的被动动作。考虑这个例子：He was proud of having been promoted.（他对获得晋升感到自豪。）这里的“自豪”是现在的感受，但它是对过去已完成的“被晋升”这一事件的反应，并且在这个事件中，他是动作的接受者。verb + -ing | 主语执行动作。动作正在进行或是一个普遍真理。 | He enjoys running. (他喜欢跑步。) | 他是跑步的执行者。这个动作是普遍性的。 |having + past participle | 主语在另一事件之前执行并完成了一个动作。 | Having run the marathon, he felt exhausted. (跑完马拉松后，他感到筋疲力尽。) | 他是跑步的执行者。跑步动作在感到筋疲力尽之前已经完成。 |being + past participle | 主语接受动作。动作正在进行或是一个普遍的经历。 | She dislikes being watched. (她不喜欢被注视。) | 别人在看她。这种经历是普遍的或正在进行的。 |having been + past participle | 主语在另一事件之前接受并完成了一个动作。 | Having been watched all day, she felt uneasy. (被注视一整天后，她感到不安。) | 别人注视了她。注视的动作已经结束，不安是其结果。 |having been + 过去分词。这个公式不会改变。你唯一需要做的就是为你想要使用的主要动词提供正确的过去分词形式。-ed 来构成。这是该模式最直接的应用。The files were finally organized after having been misplaced for weeks.（文件在丢失数周后终于被整理好。）(misplace → misplaced)Having been reviewed by three separate editors, the article was ready for publication.（这篇文章经过三位独立编辑的审阅，已准备好发表。）(review → reviewed)He complained about having been overcharged for the meal.（他抱怨这顿饭被多收了钱。）(overcharge → overcharged)
She was upset about having been given the wrong information.（她对收到错误信息感到不安。）(give → given)Having been chosen for the team, he felt immense pressure to perform well.（入选球队后，他感到巨大的表现压力。）(choose → chosen)The suspect was released after having been held for 48 hours without charge.（嫌疑人在未经指控被拘留48小时后获释。）(hold → held)
having been found, having been told, having been written）作为一个单一的名词短语（即动名词）发挥作用。这意味着它可以是句子的主语、介词的宾语，或者是更大状语的一部分。having been approved |having been denied |having been informed |having been written |having been seen |having been taken |having been built |having been forgotten |Having been trained in emergency procedures, the flight attendant remained calm during the turbulence.（由于接受过紧急程序培训，这位空乘在颠簸期间保持了镇静。）(先前的培训导致了她的镇静。)Having been notified of the data breach, the company immediately contacted its customers.（在被告知数据泄露后，公司立即联系了客户。）(通知促使了联系。)The politician, having been defeated in the election, announced his retirement from public life.（这位政治家在选举中落败后，宣布退出公众生活。）(落败导致了退休。)
He was fined for having been caught driving without a license.（他因被抓到无证驾驶而被罚款。）(介词for将罚款与原因联系起来。)She was praised by her boss after having been tasked with the most difficult client.（她因被委派负责最难缠的客户而受到老板的称赞。）I have no memory of having been told about the meeting.（我一点也不记得被告知过会议的事情。）He was under investigation on suspicion of having been paid illegal funds.（他因涉嫌收取非法资金而接受调查。）
She was ecstatic about having been offered the job in Paris.（获得巴黎的工作机会让她欣喜若狂。）(她的欣喜若狂是已完成的工作机会这一结果。)He is still bitter about having been left off the team.（他仍然对未能入选球队感到愤愤不平。）(他的愤愤不平源于过去已完成的被排除在外的事件。)They were relieved after having been found by the rescue team.（被救援队找到后，他们松了一口气。）(松了一口气发生在被找到这一动作完成之后。)
after it had been... 或 because it was...），从而使句子更加精炼和优雅。这是高级书面语篇的一个关键特征。- 而不是：
After the theory was disproven by new data, it was abandoned by most of the scientific community.
（在理论被新数据证伪后，它被科学界大多数人放弃了。） - 更简洁：
Having been disproven by new data, the theory was abandoned by most of the scientific community.（该理论被新数据证伪后，被科学界大多数人放弃了。） - 而不是：
The building was declared unsafe because it had been damaged in the earthquake.
（由于在地震中受损，该建筑被宣布不安全。） - 更简洁：
The building, having been damaged in the earthquake, was declared unsafe.（该建筑在地震中受损后，被宣布不安全。）
being done)being done 来表示正在进行或普遍性的被动动作。使用 having been done 来表示在主句动词发生之前已完成的动作。- 错误：
I'm frustrated about having been ignored in these meetings.（我对在这些会议中被忽视感到沮丧。）(虽然语法上可能，但如果忽视发生在*每个*会议中，这是一个普遍的、重复发生的动作。being ignored更自然。) - 对于普遍抱怨的正确用法：
I'm frustrated about being ignored in these meetings. - 对于特定过去事件的正确用法：
He was frustrated after the meeting because of having been ignored when he raised his hand.（会议后他感到沮丧，因为当他举手时被忽视了。）(这里的“忽视”是一个单一的、已完成的事件，导致了他的沮丧。)
- 错误：
*He complained about having been give the wrong address. - 错误：
*Having been took by surprise, she didn't know what to say. - 正确：
He complained about having been given the wrong address. - 正确：
Having been taken by surprise, she didn't know what to say.
beenbeen 会将结构从被动语态变为主动语态，从而完全改变含义。这暗示了主语是动作的执行者，而不是接受者。- 错误：
*She was proud of having chosen for the scholarship.(这句话的意思是她自己选择了奖学金。) - 正确：
She was proud of having been chosen for the scholarship.(这句话的意思是她被选中获得奖学金。)
- 过于正式：
Having been told the movie starts at 8, I arrived a bit early.（被告知电影8点开始，我来得有点早。） - 更自然：
Someone told me the movie starts at 8, so I arrived a bit early.（有人告诉我电影8点开始，所以我来得有点早。）或者I was told the movie starts at 8, so...（被告知电影8点开始，所以我……）
having been done 而不是 being done？having been done。如果被动动作是正在进行的，或者是一个普遍的、重复发生的经历，就用 being done。having been done 结构可以放在句子的开头吗？having been done 听起来会太正式吗？after having been done 有什么区别？after having been done 明确地使用了介词 after 来强调时间顺序，即“在...之后”。而 having been done 本身就隐含了这种“之前完成”的意味，使得句子更简洁。在很多情况下，它们可以互换使用，但 having been done 更加紧凑和书面化。Perfect Passive Gerund Structure
| Polarity | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 | Main Verb (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
having
|
been
|
told
|
having been told
|
|
Negative
|
not having
|
been
|
told
|
not having been told
|
|
Question
|
About having
|
been
|
told?
|
Are you upset about having been told?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
Having been
|
None
|
This form is never contracted in formal English.
|
|
Not having been
|
None
|
Avoid contracting 'not' with 'having' in this specific structure.
|
Meanings
A verb form that functions as a noun, representing a completed action that was performed upon the subject at an earlier time.
Expressing Regret or Complaint
Used to describe past mistreatment or missed opportunities that cause current negative feelings.
“She expressed regret at having been passed over for the promotion.”
“I am tired of having been treated like a child by the management.”
Legal and Formal Reporting
Used in formal documents to refer to past events that have been officially recorded or verified.
“The defendant denied having been seen at the crime scene.”
“The report mentions the building having been inspected twice last year.”
Gratitude and Recognition
Used to acknowledge past help or honors received.
“I am grateful for having been given this opportunity to speak.”
“She was honored for having been chosen as the representative.”
Reference Table
| 语法结构 | 含义 | 例句 | 时间侧重点 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Active Perfect Gerund
|
主语在另一件事之前主动完成了动作
|
`Having written` the report, she relaxed.
|
主语先做了某事，然后做了别的
|
|
Passive Gerund
|
主语承受正在进行或一般的动作
|
She dislikes `being interrupted`.
|
主语通常或正在承受动作
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund
|
主语在另一件事之前承受了已完成的动作
|
`Having been told` the news, he cried.
|
主语先被做了某事，然后发生了别的
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund
|
对过去发生的被动事件的反应
|
He appreciated `having been chosen`.
|
对已经发生在他身上的事表示感激
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund + Preposition
|
明确被动事件的先后顺序
|
After `having been interviewed`, I felt calm.
|
面试结束这个动作发生在感到冷静之前
|
|
Perfect Passive Gerund (Negative)
|
没能承受某个已完成的动作
|
She regretted `not having been invited`.
|
遗憾在过去那个时间点没被邀请
|
正式程度
I wish to express my dissatisfaction regarding having been ignored by the staff. (Customer service complaint)
I'm upset about having been ignored. (Customer service complaint)
It sucks having been ignored like that. (Customer service complaint)
Getting ghosted after having been hyped up is trash. (Customer service complaint)
完成式被动动名词：‘发生在我身上’的先前时刻
构成要素
- Having Perfect Aspect
- Been Passive Voice
- Past Participle Main Verb
核心概念
- 先前完成 Action finished BEFORE another event
- 主语承受 Action happens TO the subject
使用场景
- 反应/感受 After a past passive event
- 介词之后 e.g., 'after having been...'
- 正式写作 Adding precision
Being Done vs. Having Been Done: 时间点是关键！
我需要用到 'Having Been Done' 吗？
主要动作是被动的吗（主语承受动作）？
这个被动动作是在另一个事件或时间点之前完成的吗？
常搭配 Perfect Passive Gerund 的动词
情感/情绪动词
- • regretted having been...
- • annoyed at having been...
- • proud of having been...
- • happy about having been...
沟通类动词
- • after having been told...
- • about having been informed...
- • without having been consulted...
- • despite having been promised...
普通动作
- • after having been seen...
- • before having been done...
- • having been accepted...
- • having been chosen...
按水平分级的例句
I like having been helped.
I like that someone helped me before.
He is sad about having been left.
He is sad because someone left him.
Thank you for having been kind.
Thank you for being kind to me in the past.
She is happy about having been picked.
She is happy because they chose her.
He talked about having been invited to the party.
He mentioned that someone invited him earlier.
She was angry about not having been told the truth.
She was mad because no one told her the truth before.
They were proud of having been chosen for the team.
They felt good because the coach picked them.
I don't remember having been seen there.
I don't think anyone saw me there in the past.
The actor complained about having been misquoted in the article.
The actor was unhappy because the journalist wrote the wrong words.
She regretted having been persuaded to buy the expensive car.
She felt bad that someone convinced her to buy it.
He apologized for having been distracted during the lesson.
He said sorry because he wasn't paying attention earlier.
We were relieved at having been rescued from the storm.
We felt better because someone saved us.
The politician denied having been briefed on the security threat.
The politician said he was never given the information.
Having been warned about the risks, they decided to proceed anyway.
Because they were warned before, they knew the danger.
She was frustrated by having been overlooked for the lead role.
She was upset because they didn't consider her for the part.
The company was fined for having been found guilty of pollution.
The company had to pay money because they broke the law.
The CEO's resignation, having been prompted by the scandal, was inevitable.
The scandal caused the CEO to quit.
He spoke eloquently about having been marginalized by society for years.
He talked about his experience of being ignored by people.
The manuscript shows signs of having been edited by multiple authors.
It looks like many people changed the text in the past.
Not having been informed of the changes, the staff continued as usual.
Because no one told the staff, they didn't change anything.
The protagonist's existential dread stems from having been uprooted from his homeland.
His fear comes from being forced to leave his country.
The treaty was criticized for having been negotiated behind closed doors.
People didn't like that the deal was made in secret.
She attributed her success to having been mentored by the industry's finest.
She said she succeeded because great people taught her.
The ruins bear witness to the city having been besieged for over a decade.
The old buildings show that the city was under attack for a long time.
容易混淆
Learners forget 'been', changing the meaning from passive to active.
Using 'being done' for past events.
常见错误
I like having helped.
I like having been helped.
He is happy about having not been invited.
He is happy about not having been invited.
She denied having being told.
She denied having been told.
I regret being told that yesterday.
I regret having been told that yesterday.
句型
I am grateful for having been ___.
She denied having been ___ at the scene.
Real World Usage
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to lead that project.
The tenant complained about having been evicted without notice.
Tired of having been treated like an option when I made you a priority.
The data is unreliable due to the sensors having been calibrated incorrectly.
The patient reports having been diagnosed with asthma in childhood.
The claim was rejected due to the car having been left unlocked.
想想“在那之前”
Having been told the news, she felt much better.
别和主动语态搞混
having done；如果是被别人做了某事，才用 having been done。 Having been chosen for the team, he was thrilled.
搭配介词更地道
She was angry about having been lied to.
让你的表达更高级
The document, having been signed, was sent back.
Smart Tips
Replace 'I'm sorry that I was...' with 'I apologize for having been...'.
Check if the action is still happening. If it's 100% over, use 'having been'.
Always use 'having been' if the denial is about a specific past event.
Use a perfect passive gerund to delete 'that' and 'because'.
发音
The 'H' in Having
In rapid speech, the 'h' in 'having' is often dropped, sounding like 'avin'.
Reduction of 'Been'
The word 'been' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'bin'.
Stress on 'Not'
I'm angry about NOT having been told.
Emphasizes the lack of information.
记住它
记忆技巧
H.B.P. - Having Been Past. If it happened to you before, use these three for sure!
视觉联想
Imagine a 'Past' stamp being pressed onto a 'Passive' envelope. The stamp is 'Having' and the envelope is 'Been + V3'.
Rhyme
To show the past was done to you, 'Having been' is what you do!
Story
A detective finds a note. It says 'I regret having been caught.' The detective knows the thief is talking about the past arrest, not the current one.
Word Web
挑战
Write three sentences about your last job using 'having been'. Example: 'I enjoyed having been challenged by my boss.'
文化笔记
British speakers use this form frequently in formal letters of complaint to maintain a polite but firm distance.
In US business, this form is used in performance reviews to highlight past achievements objectively.
Global academic English relies on this form to discuss historical theories that were later disproven.
The gerund evolved from Old English verbal nouns ending in -ung/-ing. The perfect and passive additions developed in Middle English as the language became more analytical.
对话开场白
Have you ever regretted having been persuaded to do something?
How do you feel about having been raised in your hometown?
Can you mention a time you were proud of having been chosen for a task?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
She regretted ___ the important email.
After being informed of the cancellation, he left.
选择正确的句子：
翻译成英文：'Ella estaba feliz de haber sido elegida para el papel.'
Score: /4
练习题
8 exercisesHe was disappointed about not ___ to the wedding.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
He denied having being seen at the bank.
He was punished for ___.
The word 'not' comes after 'having' in the perfect passive gerund.
A: Why is she so happy? B: She's thrilled about ___ for the scholarship.
Identify the form:
Active: 'Having seen' -> Passive: ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy, ___ by the board, was implemented last week.
He was accused of stolen the company's data.
选择正确的句子：
翻译成英文：'Después de haber sido despedido, él buscó un nuevo empleo.'
将单词排列成句：
将主句与正确的形式匹配：
She expressed relief at ___ a second chance.
She remembered being interviewed for the job a year ago.
选择正确的句子：
翻译成英文：'Ella se quejaba de haber sido tratada injustamente.'
将单词排列成句：
匹配情景：
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
'Being done' is for current or general actions. 'Having been done' is for specific actions that are already finished.
Yes! For example: 'Having been warned, I was careful.' However, in that case, it is technically a 'Perfect Participle', not a gerund.
Yes, when followed by a past participle (V3), it is always passive.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, 'having told' means you told someone else.
It is less common in casual speech but very common in professional and academic English.
Yes, but 'there' is an adverb, so this is the perfect active form of 'to be'. For the passive gerund, you need a V3 like 'I regret not having been invited.'
It only works with transitive verbs (verbs that can have an object) because only transitive verbs can be passive.
You usually put it inside a question: 'Are you upset about having been ignored?'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Haber sido + participio
English uses the -ing form after prepositions, while Spanish uses the infinitive.
Avoir été + participe passé
French requires 'de' or 'à' before the infinitive, similar to English prepositions.
[Partizip II] + worden zu sein
Word order is the primary struggle for learners moving between these two.
〜されたこと (sareta koto)
Japanese doesn't have a specific 'perfect' aspect in the same way; the past tense covers it.
كونه قد [verb]
Arabic grammar is root-based and doesn't use auxiliary 'having'.
被...过 (bèi...guò)
Chinese relies on word order and particles rather than verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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