Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito (tendo sido feito)
sequenciar com clareza ações passivas já finalizadas e elevar sua comunicação em inglês a um nível avançado!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Perfect Passive Gerund describes an action that was done to someone in the past, acting as a noun in the sentence.
- Use 'having been' + past participle for past passive actions (e.g., 'having been told').
- Place 'not' before 'having' to make it negative (e.g., 'not having been invited').
- Use it after verbs or prepositions that require a gerund (e.g., 'He complained about having been ignored').
Overview
Perfect Passive Gerund, estruturado como having been + past participle, é uma dessas ferramentas de elite. No dia a dia, a gente costuma usar frases simples para conectar eventos, mas quando queremos soar mais precisos, elegantes e demonstrar uma relação clara de causa e consequência, essa estrutura é imbatível.Perfect Passive Gerund serve para indicar que uma ação passiva foi completada antes de outra ação ou estado mencionado na oração principal. Ele responde à pergunta: O que já tinha acontecido com o sujeito antes disso?. Em português, a gente costuma traduzir isso como
Tendo sido [feito/visto/dito]ou, de forma mais comum na fala,
Por ter sido....The report was reviewed, and then it was sent(O relatório foi revisado e depois foi enviado), você pode dizer com muito mais autoridade:
Having been reviewed, the report was sent.edge que você precisa no seu inglês.Perfect Passive Gerund, imagine que estamos montando um quebra-cabeça de três peças, onde cada peça traz um significado específico para a frase. Como falantes de português, a gente tem uma vantagem: a lógica é muito parecida com a nossa voz passiva composta, mas o inglês é um pouco mais rigoroso no uso do gerúndio.- 1
having(O Aspecto Perfeito): No inglês, sempre que você vir ohave(ouhaving), pense emconclusão. O aspecto perfeito serve para olhar para trás. Ele estabelece um marco temporal: a ação terminou antes de outra coisa começar. É o nossoTendo. - 2
been(A Voz Passiva): Este é o particípio do verboto be. Sem ele, a frase seria ativa. Obeenindica que o sujeito da frase não fez a ação, mas sim recebeu a ação. É o nossosido. - 3
Past Participle(A Ação em si): É o verbo principal (comotold,seen,chosen,promoted). Ele define o que exatamente aconteceu.
having (concluído) + been (recebido) + past participle (ação) — temos uma unidade que descreve um evento passado que impacta o presente ou o contexto da frase.Gerúndio Composto da Passiva.
- Exemplo:
Tendo sido avisado do perigo, ele não saiu de casa.
- Inglês:
Having been warned of the danger, he didn't leave the house.
tendo sido. A gente prefere falar Como ele foi avisado...ou
Por ter sido avisado....
having been de forma natural em contextos formais, em vez de sempre recorrer ao básico because he was.verb + -ing | Sujeito faz a ação | Agora/Geral | I hate interrupting. |having + past participle | Sujeito fez a ação | Passado concluído | Having finished the work, I left. |being + past participle | Sujeito recebe a ação | Contínuo/Geral | I hate being interrupted. |having been + part. | Sujeito recebeu a ação | Passado concluído | Having been interrupted, I lost my focus. |having + been + past participle.Past Participle (a 3ª coluna daquela famosa lista de verbos). Vamos dividir em dois grupos, como a gente sempre faz:-ed, o particípio também termina.The project, having been approved, finally started.(approve → approved)Having been cleaned, the room looked much better.(clean → cleaned)He felt safer after having been vaccinated.(vaccinate → vaccinated)
Having been shown the evidence, he confessed.(show → shown)She was happy about having been chosen for the job.(choose → chosen)The documents, having been written in a hurry, had many typos.(write → written)Having been forbidden to enter, they stayed outside.(forbid → forbidden)
Perfect Passive Gerund pode aparecer em diferentes lugares na frase, funcionando como um substantivo ou um advérbio:- Como Sujeito (raro, mas possível):
Having been betrayed once was enough for him to lose trust. - Após Preposição:
He complained about having been ignored. - Como Oração Adverbial (no início da frase):
Having been told the truth, she felt relieved.
Perfect Passive Gerund em quatro situações principais:Having been raised in a bilingual family, Julia speaks English and Portuguese fluently.(O fato de ela ter sido criada assim causou a fluência atual).Having been warned about the heavy traffic, we decided to take the subway.(O aviso prévio nos fez mudar de ideia).Having been defeated in the last match, the team practiced twice as hard.(A derrota anterior motivou o treino intenso).
Perfect Passive Gerund é a escolha certa.She was upset about having been overlooked for the promotion.(Ela está chateada *agora* por algo que *já aconteceu*: ela foi ignorada na promoção).He was famous for having been involved in the discovery of the new planet.The athlete was disqualified for having been caught using performance-enhancing drugs.(Aqui, o uso dohaving been caughtenfatiza que a captura aconteceu antes da desqualificação).
eu de agora com o que foi feito comigo no passado.
I feel much more confident after having been mentored by such an expert.(Sinto-me confiante agora, após ter sido mentorado).They were relieved after having been found by the search party.He still carries a lot of anger about having been lied to by his business partner.
because ou after, você usa o gerúndio perfeito passivo para ser direto.- Forma comum:
The software was updated last night, so it is now running much faster.
- Nível C1/Pro:
Having been updated last night, the software is now running much faster. - Forma comum:
The building was damaged in the fire, so it was eventually demolished.
- Nível C1/Pro:
The building, having been damaged in the fire, was eventually demolished.
being done)being para tudo.- O problema:
being doneé para algo que acontece de forma geral ou simultânea.having been doneé para algo concluído no passado. - Erro:
I'm happy about being chosen for the award yesterday.(Se foi ontem, a ação acabou). - Correção:
I'm happy about having been chosen for the award yesterday. - Uso correto do
being:I hate being told what to do.(Eu odeio que me digam o que fazer — em geral, sempre).
been (Voz Ativa vs. Passiva)ter feito e esquece do sido.- Erro:
He was proud of having promoted.(Isso significa que ele promoveu alguém). - Correção:
He was proud of having been promoted.(Isso significa que ele recebeu a promoção).
been, você assume a autoria da ação.Tomei)- Erro:
*Having been took by surprise...(tooké passado simples). - Correção:
Having been taken by surprise...(takené o particípio correto).
Dangling Participle (Sujeitos diferentes)having been precisa ser o mesmo sujeito da oração principal.- Erro:
*Having been repaired, I drove the car home.(Quem foi reparado? Eu ou o carro? Do jeito que está escrito, parece queeufui reparado). - Correção:
Having been repaired, the car was driven home by me.ouThe car, having been repaired, was ready for me to drive.
having done) | Quando o sujeito fez algo no passado. | Ação do sujeito. | Having finished the report, I went home. |having been done) | Quando algo foi feito com o sujeito no passado. | Experiência recebida. | Having been told to leave, I went home. |being done) | Quando o sujeito recebe uma ação constante ou atual. | Estado atual/geral. | I dislike being ignored in meetings. |to have been done) | Após certos verbos (like, want, seem) ou adjetivos. | Necessidade/Desejo. | The car seems to have been stolen. |Having been... e After being...Posso usar After being told?. Sim, pode. A diferença é que o Having been é mais formal e enfatiza fortemente a conclusão e a relação de causa. O After being é um pouco mais comum na fala informal e foca apenas na cronologia.Perfect Passive Gerund é comum no dia a dia?excessivamente educado ou formal demais. Nessas situações, a gente costuma usar Because I was... ou After I was....Having been?I ou The.Having been told e Having been informed?Informed é mais formal que told.Hi, Marcos. Having been assigned the data analysis workstream, I’ve been focusing exclusively on the Q3 reports. However, after having been asked by the director to help with the presentation, I might need to adjust my deadlines.
I am writing to express my frustration. Having been promised a 30-minute delivery time, I was disappointed when the food arrived two hours late. Furthermore, having been told by your support agent that I would receive a refund, I am still waiting for the credit to appear.
Perfect Passive Gerund mostra que você é um falante articulado e sério, o que geralmente ajuda a resolver o problema mais rápido!Having been raised in São Paulo, I’m used to a fast-paced environment. But having been exposed to different cultures during my MBA in London, I’ve learned to appreciate a more collaborative leadership style.
Perfect Passive Gerund é sobre controle narrativo. Ele permite que você organize os fatos do passado de forma que eles justifiquem o seu presente. Pratique trocar alguns de seus Because I was... por Having been... em seus próximos textos e sinta a diferença na autoridade da sua escrita.Perfect Passive Gerund Structure
| Polarity | Auxiliary 1 | Auxiliary 2 | Main Verb (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
having
|
been
|
told
|
having been told
|
|
Negative
|
not having
|
been
|
told
|
not having been told
|
|
Question
|
About having
|
been
|
told?
|
Are you upset about having been told?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
Having been
|
None
|
This form is never contracted in formal English.
|
|
Not having been
|
None
|
Avoid contracting 'not' with 'having' in this specific structure.
|
Meanings
A verb form that functions as a noun, representing a completed action that was performed upon the subject at an earlier time.
Expressing Regret or Complaint
Used to describe past mistreatment or missed opportunities that cause current negative feelings.
“She expressed regret at having been passed over for the promotion.”
“I am tired of having been treated like a child by the management.”
Legal and Formal Reporting
Used in formal documents to refer to past events that have been officially recorded or verified.
“The defendant denied having been seen at the crime scene.”
“The report mentions the building having been inspected twice last year.”
Gratitude and Recognition
Used to acknowledge past help or honors received.
“I am grateful for having been given this opportunity to speak.”
“She was honored for having been chosen as the representative.”
Reference Table
| Estrutura | Significado | Exemplo | Ênfase Temporal |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gerúndio Perfeito Ativo
|
O sujeito completou a ação antes de outra.
|
`Having written` the report, she relaxed.
|
O sujeito *fez* algo, depois outra coisa.
|
|
Gerúndio Passivo
|
O sujeito recebe uma ação contínua/geral.
|
She dislikes `being interrupted`.
|
O sujeito está *recebendo* uma ação de forma geral.
|
|
Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito
|
O sujeito recebeu uma ação *completa* antes de outra.
|
`Having been told` the news, he cried.
|
O sujeito *recebeu* uma ação completa, depois outra coisa.
|
|
Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito
|
Reação a um evento passivo passado.
|
He appreciated `having been chosen`.
|
Reagindo a uma ação *completada* sobre ele.
|
|
Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito + Preposição
|
Esclarece sequência de eventos passivos.
|
After `having been interviewed`, I felt calm.
|
A entrevista completa *precede* a sensação de calma.
|
|
Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito (Negativo)
|
Não ter recebido uma ação completa.
|
She regretted `not having been invited`.
|
A ação *não foi recebida* antes do arrependimento.
|
Espectro de formalidade
I wish to express my dissatisfaction regarding having been ignored by the staff. (Customer service complaint)
I'm upset about having been ignored. (Customer service complaint)
It sucks having been ignored like that. (Customer service complaint)
Getting ghosted after having been hyped up is trash. (Customer service complaint)
Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito: O Momento 'Feito Para Mim' Anterior
Formação
- Having Aspecto Perfeito
- Been Voz Passiva
- Past Participle Verbo Principal
Ideia Chave
- Conclusão Prévia Ação finalizada ANTES de outro evento
- Sujeito Recebe Ação acontece AO sujeito
Contextos de Uso
- Reações/Sentimentos Após um evento passivo passado
- Após Preposições Ex: 'after having been...'
- Escrita Formal Adicionando precisão
"Being Done" vs. "Having Been Done": O Tempo Importa!
Preciso de "Having Been Done"?
A ação principal é passiva (o sujeito a recebe)?
Essa ação passiva foi concluída *antes* de outro evento ou ponto no tempo que você está discutindo?
Verbos Comuns com Gerúndio Passivo Perfeito
Verbos de Sentimento/Emoção
- • regretted having been...
- • annoyed at having been...
- • proud of having been...
- • happy about having been...
Verbos de Comunicação
- • after having been told...
- • about having been informed...
- • without having been consulted...
- • despite having been promised...
Ações Gerais
- • after having been seen...
- • before having been done...
- • having been accepted...
- • having been chosen...
Exemplos por nível
I like having been helped.
I like that someone helped me before.
He is sad about having been left.
He is sad because someone left him.
Thank you for having been kind.
Thank you for being kind to me in the past.
She is happy about having been picked.
She is happy because they chose her.
He talked about having been invited to the party.
He mentioned that someone invited him earlier.
She was angry about not having been told the truth.
She was mad because no one told her the truth before.
They were proud of having been chosen for the team.
They felt good because the coach picked them.
I don't remember having been seen there.
I don't think anyone saw me there in the past.
The actor complained about having been misquoted in the article.
The actor was unhappy because the journalist wrote the wrong words.
She regretted having been persuaded to buy the expensive car.
She felt bad that someone convinced her to buy it.
He apologized for having been distracted during the lesson.
He said sorry because he wasn't paying attention earlier.
We were relieved at having been rescued from the storm.
We felt better because someone saved us.
The politician denied having been briefed on the security threat.
The politician said he was never given the information.
Having been warned about the risks, they decided to proceed anyway.
Because they were warned before, they knew the danger.
She was frustrated by having been overlooked for the lead role.
She was upset because they didn't consider her for the part.
The company was fined for having been found guilty of pollution.
The company had to pay money because they broke the law.
The CEO's resignation, having been prompted by the scandal, was inevitable.
The scandal caused the CEO to quit.
He spoke eloquently about having been marginalized by society for years.
He talked about his experience of being ignored by people.
The manuscript shows signs of having been edited by multiple authors.
It looks like many people changed the text in the past.
Not having been informed of the changes, the staff continued as usual.
Because no one told the staff, they didn't change anything.
The protagonist's existential dread stems from having been uprooted from his homeland.
His fear comes from being forced to leave his country.
The treaty was criticized for having been negotiated behind closed doors.
People didn't like that the deal was made in secret.
She attributed her success to having been mentored by the industry's finest.
She said she succeeded because great people taught her.
The ruins bear witness to the city having been besieged for over a decade.
The old buildings show that the city was under attack for a long time.
Fácil de confundir
Learners forget 'been', changing the meaning from passive to active.
Using 'being done' for past events.
Erros comuns
I like having helped.
I like having been helped.
He is happy about having not been invited.
He is happy about not having been invited.
She denied having being told.
She denied having been told.
I regret being told that yesterday.
I regret having been told that yesterday.
Padrões de frases
I am grateful for having been ___.
She denied having been ___ at the scene.
Real World Usage
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to lead that project.
The tenant complained about having been evicted without notice.
Tired of having been treated like an option when I made you a priority.
The data is unreliable due to the sensors having been calibrated incorrectly.
The patient reports having been diagnosed with asthma in childhood.
The claim was rejected due to the car having been left unlocked.
Pense "Antes Disso"
After having been told, I understood.
Não Confunda com a Voz Ativa
having done). Mantenha suas antenas passivas ligadas! Having completed the task, he rested.
Combine com Preposições
after, before, about, for e by. Praticar frases como after having been... vai fazer com que soe muito mais natural e preciso. He was grateful for having been nominated.
Soe Mais Polido
Having been thoroughly prepared, she aced the interview.
Smart Tips
Replace 'I'm sorry that I was...' with 'I apologize for having been...'.
Check if the action is still happening. If it's 100% over, use 'having been'.
Always use 'having been' if the denial is about a specific past event.
Use a perfect passive gerund to delete 'that' and 'because'.
Pronúncia
The 'H' in Having
In rapid speech, the 'h' in 'having' is often dropped, sounding like 'avin'.
Reduction of 'Been'
The word 'been' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'bin'.
Stress on 'Not'
I'm angry about NOT having been told.
Emphasizes the lack of information.
Memorize
Mnemônico
H.B.P. - Having Been Past. If it happened to you before, use these three for sure!
Associação visual
Imagine a 'Past' stamp being pressed onto a 'Passive' envelope. The stamp is 'Having' and the envelope is 'Been + V3'.
Rhyme
To show the past was done to you, 'Having been' is what you do!
Story
A detective finds a note. It says 'I regret having been caught.' The detective knows the thief is talking about the past arrest, not the current one.
Word Web
Desafio
Write three sentences about your last job using 'having been'. Example: 'I enjoyed having been challenged by my boss.'
Notas culturais
British speakers use this form frequently in formal letters of complaint to maintain a polite but firm distance.
In US business, this form is used in performance reviews to highlight past achievements objectively.
Global academic English relies on this form to discuss historical theories that were later disproven.
The gerund evolved from Old English verbal nouns ending in -ung/-ing. The perfect and passive additions developed in Middle English as the language became more analytical.
Iniciadores de conversa
Have you ever regretted having been persuaded to do something?
How do you feel about having been raised in your hometown?
Can you mention a time you were proud of having been chosen for a task?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
She regretted ___ the important email.
Find and fix the mistake:
After being informed of the cancellation, he left.
Having been informed enfatiza corretamente essa conclusão prévia.Choose the correct sentence:
Being interrupted implica um estado geral, não um evento passado específico que leva ao aborrecimento.Translate into English: 'Ella estaba feliz de haber sido elegida para el papel.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /4
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesHe was disappointed about not ___ to the wedding.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
He denied having being seen at the bank.
He was punished for ___.
The word 'not' comes after 'having' in the perfect passive gerund.
A: Why is she so happy? B: She's thrilled about ___ for the scholarship.
Identify the form:
Active: 'Having seen' -> Passive: ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy, ___ by the board, was implemented last week.
He was accused of stolen the company's data.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Después de haber sido despedido, él buscó un nuevo empleo.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
She expressed relief at ___ a second chance.
She remembered being interviewed for the job a year ago.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella se quejaba de haber sido tratada injustamente.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the scenarios:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
'Being done' is for current or general actions. 'Having been done' is for specific actions that are already finished.
Yes! For example: 'Having been warned, I was careful.' However, in that case, it is technically a 'Perfect Participle', not a gerund.
Yes, when followed by a past participle (V3), it is always passive.
'Been' is the passive marker. Without it, 'having told' means you told someone else.
It is less common in casual speech but very common in professional and academic English.
Yes, but 'there' is an adverb, so this is the perfect active form of 'to be'. For the passive gerund, you need a V3 like 'I regret not having been invited.'
It only works with transitive verbs (verbs that can have an object) because only transitive verbs can be passive.
You usually put it inside a question: 'Are you upset about having been ignored?'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Haber sido + participio
English uses the -ing form after prepositions, while Spanish uses the infinitive.
Avoir été + participe passé
French requires 'de' or 'à' before the infinitive, similar to English prepositions.
[Partizip II] + worden zu sein
Word order is the primary struggle for learners moving between these two.
〜されたこと (sareta koto)
Japanese doesn't have a specific 'perfect' aspect in the same way; the past tense covers it.
كونه قد [verb]
Arabic grammar is root-based and doesn't use auxiliary 'having'.
被...过 (bèi...guò)
Chinese relies on word order and particles rather than verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Passado Perfeito: O Passado 'Anterior' (had + done)
Overview Você já começou uma história e percebeu que pulou uma parte crucial do passado? Imagine que você está contando...
Gerúndios Passivos: Being (recebendo a ação)
### Overview No nível C1, você já não está mais apenas tentando ser entendido; você está buscando precisão, sutileza e...
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