A1 · 初級 チャプター 28

Future Plans and Intentions

3 トータルルール
30 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock tomorrow by mastering simple prefixes and particles to express your plans and dreams.

  • Transform present verbs into future actions using 'sa-' and 'sawfa'.
  • Express intentions and desires using the particle 'an'.
  • Negate future plans confidently using 'lan'.
Your future in Arabic starts right here, right now!

学べること

Hey there, friend! In this chapter, you're about to take a huge leap in your Arabic learning journey. Guess what you'll master? How to talk about the future! That means you'll learn exactly how to say “I will do something” or “I intend to do this.” It's super easy, I promise! First, we'll dive into how to turn any present tense verb into a future one, just by adding a tiny سـ or the word سوف right before it. Suddenly, you'll be able to say “I will go,” “I will eat,” and so on! Imagine chatting with your friends in Arabic about your plans for tomorrow or the weekend. Like saying, “Tomorrow I will go shopping” or “I'm going to have coffee with my friend.” Next, we'll explore something cool called the “Mansoub mood.” This comes in handy when you want to say “to do something” (like “I want to go” - أريد أن أذهب) or firmly state “I will not do something” (like “I will never lie” - لن أكذب أبدًا). There's a small change at the end of the verb, but don't worry, it's really simple, and I'll show you how to use it like a pro. Picture this: you're ordering food at an Arabic restaurant, and you want to say, “I will eat this dish,” or “I won't eat that one.” Or perhaps you want to tell an Arabic-speaking friend, “I want to completely master Arabic!” By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently express your simple future plans, talk about your aspirations, and even say what you won't do. Talking about the future in Arabic will be a breeze for you! Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate any regular present tense verb into the future using the 'sa-' prefix.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Distinguish between immediate and distant future plans using 'sa-' and 'sawfa'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Form sentences expressing purpose or negation using the Mansoub (subjunctive) mood.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language adventurer! Welcome to a super exciting chapter in your Arabic grammar A1 journey. Get ready to unlock the power of talking about the future!
This guide is specifically designed to help you master how to express your plans and intentions, making you a more confident speaker right from the start. Understanding how to say
I will do something
or
I intend to do this
is a fundamental skill for any A1 Arabic learner, and by the end of this, you’ll be planning your next Arabic adventure with ease. We'll explore simple yet effective ways to transform your present tense verbs into future statements, and introduce you to the versatile Mansoub mood – a key concept for expressing desires and firm declarations.
This chapter builds a crucial foundation for real-world conversations. Imagine telling a new friend about your weekend plans, ordering food, or simply expressing what you hope to achieve. Mastering the Arabic future tense and the Mansoub mood will empower you to do just that.
We'll demystify the tiny but mighty سـ (sa) and the word سوف (sawfa) which are your instant future-makers. You'll also learn how to use essential words like أن (an - to) and لن (lan - will not) to shape your intentions. This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about gaining the tools to truly communicate your thoughts and aspirations in Arabic.
Let's make talking about the future a breeze!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core of how you'll start expressing your future plans and intentions in Arabic. First up, we'll tackle the Arabic Future Tense: Saying 'Will' (سـ / سوف). This is incredibly straightforward!
To turn any present tense verb into a future one, you have two main options at A1 level: you can either attach the prefix سـ (sa-) directly to the beginning of the present tense verb, or you can place the word سوف (sawfa) before the present tense verb. Both convey will or is going to. For example, if the present tense verb for I go is أذهب (adhhabu), to say I will go, you can say سأذهب (sa-adhhabu) or سوف أذهب (sawfa adhhabu). Both are correct and widely understood, though سـ is often used for more immediate future or simply as a common alternative.
Next, we explore The 'Mansoub' Mood: Saying 'To', 'So That', and 'Will Not'. This is where you learn to express intentions, desires, and firm negations. The Mansoub mood is triggered by certain words that come before the verb.
The most common ones you'll encounter are أن (an), meaning to or that, and لن (lan), meaning will not or never. When these words precede a present tense verb, they cause a slight, predictable change to the verb's ending. For singular verbs (like I go, he goes, she goes), the final vowel sound often changes to a Fatha (ـَ). For example,
I want to go
becomes أريد أن أذهبَ (ureedu an adhhab-a).
Notice the Fatha on the ب (bā’). Similarly,
I will not go
becomes لن أذهبَ (lan adhhab-a). This subtle change is key to forming grammatically correct sentences when expressing desires or firm negations.
Mastering these two concepts will significantly boost your ability to communicate future plans and intentions in Arabic.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: أنا أذهب غداً. (Ana adhhabu ghadan.)
Correct: أنا سأذهب غداً. (Ana sa-adhhabu ghadan.) OR أنا سوف أذهب غداً. (Ana sawfa adhhabu ghadan.)
*Explanation:* While 'ghadan' (tomorrow) implies future, in Arabic, you still need the future marker سـ or سوف with the verb for a clear future tense. Simply using the present tense is ambiguous.
  1. 1Wrong: أريد أن أذهبُ. (Ureedu an adhhabu.)
Correct: أريد أن أذهبَ. (Ureedu an adhhab-a.)
*Explanation:* When أن (an - to) precedes a present tense verb, it puts the verb in the Mansoub mood, meaning the final vowel of the verb changes from a Damma (ـُ) to a Fatha (ـَ) for most singular verbs. Forgetting this slight change is a common A1 error.

Real Conversations

A

A

ماذا ستفعل غداً؟ (Mādhā sa-taf’alu ghadan?) (What will you do tomorrow?)
B

B

سأذهب إلى السوق لشراء بعض الخضروات. (Sa-adhhabu ilā as-sooqi li-shirā’ ba’d al-khadrawāt.) (I will go to the market to buy some vegetables.)
A

A

هل تريد أن تشرب القهوة معي؟ (Hal tureedu an tashraba al-qahwa ma’ee?) (Do you want to drink coffee with me?)
B

B

نعم، أريد أن أشربَ القهوة معك! (Na’am, ureedu an ashraba al-qahwa ma’ak!) (Yes, I want to drink coffee with you!)
A

A

لن أعمل يوم الجمعة. (Lan a’malu yawm al-jum’ah.) (I will not work on Friday.)
B

B

هذا جيد! هل ستستريح؟ (Hadhā jayyid! Hal sa-tastarīh?) (That's good! Will you rest?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between سـ and سوف in Arabic future tense?

Both سـ and سوف indicate the future tense in Arabic. سـ is generally used for a more immediate future or simply as a quicker way to express will, while سوف can imply a slightly more distant or certain future, but for A1 learners, they are largely interchangeable.

Q

How do I say

I want to do something
in Arabic?

You use the structure أريد أن (ureedu an) followed by the present tense verb in the Mansoub mood. For example,

I want to eat
is أريد أن آكلَ (ureedu an ākul-a).

Q

Does the Arabic verb change when I say I will not?

Yes, when you use لن (lan - will not) before a present tense verb, the verb goes into the Mansoub mood, which typically means its final vowel will change to a Fatha (ـَ) for singular verbs. For instance,

I will not go
is لن أذهبَ (lan adhhab-a).

Q

Can I use future tense for immediate plans in Arabic?

Absolutely! Both سـ and سوف are perfect for expressing immediate plans, such as

I will call you in five minutes
(سأتصل بك بعد خمس دقائق).

Cultural Context

When discussing future plans in Arabic-speaking cultures, you'll very often hear the phrase إن شاء الله (in shaa' Allah), meaning if God wills or God willing. It's a deeply ingrained cultural expression used after stating any future intention, from
I will meet you tomorrow
to
I will travel next year.
It reflects humility and the belief that all outcomes are ultimately by divine will. While not a grammatical rule, using إن شاء الله shows respect and cultural awareness, making your future plans sound more natural to native speakers.

重要な例文 (6)

1

سأشرب القهوة الآن.

今コーヒーを飲みます。

アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)
2

سوف أسافر إلى مصر في الصيف.

夏にエジプトへ旅行します。

アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)
3

سأطلب أوبر الآن.

今すぐUberを頼むよ。

未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)
4

سأرسل لك رسالة على واتساب.

WhatsAppでメッセージを送るね。

未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)
6

Lan na'kula fi hadha al-mat'am.

このレストランでは食べません。

マンスーブ形(接続法):アラビア語で「~すること」「~ないだろう」と言う方法

ヒントとコツ (3)

🎯

「5分でルール」

「5分で」のように、すぐやることを伝える時は「سـ」を使いましょう。より自然に聞こえますよ。「سأكون هناك في خمس دقائق.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)
🎯

90対10のルール

日常会話で使うなら、「سـ」がおすすめです。早く言えるし、現代的で自然です。「سوف」は、深い話や5年後の計画を話す時に使いましょう。«سأذهب.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)
⚠️

アリフに注目!

男性複数形の「n」を落とす時、「waw」の後にサイレントの「alif」を付け加えるのが一般的です。発音はしませんが、見た目がかっこいいですよ!「يكتبوا」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: マンスーブ形(接続法):アラビア語で「~すること」「~ないだろう」と言う方法

重要な語彙 (7)

غَدًا tomorrow (ghadan) أُسْبُوع week (usbu') يَذْهَبُ he goes (yadhabu) [Root: ذ-ه-ب] يَأْكُلُ he eats (ya'kulu) [Root: أ-ك-ل] أَنْ to / that ('an) لَنْ will not (lan) يُسَافِرُ he travels (yusafiru) [Root: س-ف-ر]

Real-World Preview

utensils

Planning Dinner

Review Summary

  • سـ + Present Verb
  • سَوْفَ + Present Verb
  • أَنْ / لَنْ + Verb (ends in -a)

よくある間違い

Using 'laa' (present 'no') instead of 'lan' (future 'will not'). In Arabic, 'lan' is specifically for future negation.

Wrong: لَا أَذْهَبُ غَدًا (Laa adhhabu ghadan)
正解: لَنْ أَذْهَبَ غَدًا (Lan adhhaba ghadan)

Trying to put the pronoun between 'sa-' and the verb. The prefix must touch the verb directly.

Wrong: سَ أَنَا أَذْهَبُ (Sa ana adhhabu)
正解: سَأَذْهَبُ (Sa-'adhhabu)

Forgetting to change the final 'u' to an 'a' (fat-ha) after the particle 'an'. This is the core of the Mansoub mood.

Wrong: أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَذْهَبُ (Urīdu 'an 'adhhabu)
正解: أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَذْهَبَ (Urīdu 'an 'adhhaba)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a whole new dimension of time! Keep practicing these future forms, and soon you'll be planning your whole life in Arabic. You're doing amazing!

Write a 5-sentence 'Bucket List' of things you will do in the next 5 years.

Record yourself saying three things you 'will not' do this weekend.

クイック練習 (9)

「彼は最終的に旅行するだろう」という文として文法的に正しいものを選んでください。

正しい未来形の文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سوف يسافر يوماً ما.
「سوف」の後に現在形動詞(يسافر)が来る必要があります。過去形(سافر)と一緒に使うのは誤りです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)

「私たちは旅行するだろう」と正しく言う文はどれですか?

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سوف نسافر
「سوف」の後には現在形動詞(نسافر)が来なければなりません。「سافرنا」は過去形なので間違いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)

正しい動詞の形で空欄を埋めましょう。

أريد أن ____ إلى البيت (I want to go home)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أذهبَ (adhhaba)
「an」(أن)があるので、動詞の語尾はFatha (a)で終わる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: マンスーブ形(接続法):アラビア語で「~すること」「~ないだろう」と言う方法

間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

يجب أن تدرسين (Yajib an tadrusina)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يجب أن تدرسي
女性(anti)に話しかける場合、「an」は語尾の「nun」を落とすようにします。そのため「tadrusi」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: マンスーブ形(接続法):アラビア語で「~すること」「~ないだろう」と言う方法

文法的に正しい文はどれですか?

「彼らは遊びません」の正しい形を選びましょう:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: لن يلعبوا (Lan yal'abu)
複数形の動詞の場合、「lan」は語尾の「nun」(n)を落とすようにします。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: マンスーブ形(接続法):アラビア語で「~すること」「~ないだろう」と言う方法

この文の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

سوف أكلت التفاحة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سوف آكل التفاحة.
間違いは過去形の「أكلت」を使ったことです。「سوف」と一緒に使うには、現在形の「آكل」(私は食べる)に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)

この未来形の文の間違いを直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

سوفأذهب إلى النادي غداً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both of the above.
間違いは、「سوف」と動詞を一つに書いてしまったことです。接頭辞の「سـ」を使う(سأذهب)か、スペースを入れる(سوف أذهب)ことで修正できます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)

動詞「私は勉強する」(أدرس)に、近い未来の接頭辞を付けてください。

___ أدرس للامتحان الليلة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سـ
行動が「今夜」(近い未来)なので、接頭辞「سـ」が最も自然な選択です。これは「أدرس」に直接付いて「سأدرس」となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来について話す:意志と予定 (سـ / سوف)

「私は遊ぶだろう」(近い未来)を言うために、空白を埋めてください。

____ ألعب كرة القدم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سـ
近い未来を示すためには、接頭辞「سـ」が動詞「ألعب」(私は遊ぶ)に直接くっつきます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の未来形:「Will」の言い方 (سـ / سوف)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

「سـ」は近い未来(今日や明日など)に使われますが、「سوف」は遠い未来やよりフォーマルな場面で使われます。「سوف أرى صديقي الأسبوع المقبل.」(来週友達に会う予定です。)
いいえ、A1レベルでは、動詞の語尾は現在形と同じままで大丈夫です。
いいえ、変わりません。否定未来の「لن」とは違い、「سـ」や「سوف」を使う肯定未来では、動詞は通常の現在形(語尾は通常「u」の音)のままです。例えば、「أكتب」(書く)は「سأكتب」のままです。«سأكتب»
はい、使えます!「سوف」は遠い未来に好まれますが、「سـ」も時期に関係なく、確定的な計画であればとてもよく使われます。来年の計画に「سـ」を使っても「間違い」ではありませんよ。«سأذهب العام القادم.»
「Mansoub」は文字通り「立てられた」という意味で、文字の上に立つ「Fatha」の母音を指します。これは伝統的な文法用語なんですよ。
いいえ!「an」(أن)は現在形の接続法にのみ使われます。過去の出来事を繋ぐ場合は、全く別の構造になります。