Chapter in 30 Seconds
Unlock the power to lead, guide, and instruct others using the Arabic imperative mood.
- Form basic commands from three-letter verb roots.
- Adapt your instructions based on who you are talking to.
- Master the subtle suffix changes for groups and pairs.
学べること
Hey there! Ready to learn how to tell people what to do in Arabic? In this exciting chapter, we're diving into the world of Arabic imperative verbs, so you can confidently give commands and instructions. We'll start with simple examples like 'write' (اُکتُب) and 'drink' (اِشرَب), and you'll quickly see how easy it is to transform regular verbs into powerful commands. Then, you'll discover how to precisely direct your commands: whether you're addressing a single man (اِفعَل), a woman (اِفعَلی), two people (اِفعَلا), or even a group of women (اُکتُبنَ) or men (اِفعَلوا). All these variations come with small, logical changes to the verb, much like pieces of a puzzle fitting perfectly together. Imagine you're in a bustling market in Marrakech, wanting to say 'Look here!' (اُنظُر هُنا), or in a friendly gathering, wanting to say 'Listen up, everyone!' (اِسمَعوا). These practical skills will empower you to communicate clearly and swiftly in everyday situations. Don't worry, this part is easier than you think and will give you a huge confidence boost. Let's conquer Arabic together!
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命令形:人に指示を出そう! (uktub, ishrab)「命令形」を作るには、動詞の「t-」をまず取って、もし発音しにくければ「u」か「i」の「アリフ」を最初につけます。
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命令する(男性形):「これをしろ!」(if'al)男性に命令するときは、彼の現在形動詞から「تَـ」を取り、「最初の母音」を加えましょう。
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アラビア語の命令形:女性への命令一人の女性に直接命令するときは、男性の命令形にいつも「
ـي」の語尾をつけてくださいね。これは「直接命令」の「女性形」ですよ! -
アラビア語のグループ命令:「皆さん」への呼びかけ (-ū)動詞の始めの文字と「ヌーン」を取って、最後に「サイレント・アリフ」を足すのが、グループに命令する時の「魔法のルール」です。
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女性への命令:複数形 (Uktubna)女性グループに何かを頼むときの魔法の言葉は、「Alif」と「ـْنَ」を覚えよう!
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2人への命令形(双数命令)二人にお願いする時は、現在形から「aa」の音に変えるだけ!「現在形」を「短く」して、「二人」に命令する特別な形です。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to form the basic masculine singular command for any regular verb.
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2
By the end you will be able to distinguish between masculine and feminine commands in spoken Arabic.
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3
By the end you will be able to address a group of people with the correct plural imperative suffix.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
go, eat), Arabic verbs change their form based on who you're addressing: a single man, a single woman, two people, or a group. This chapter covers the Imperative Mood in Arabic, showing you how these crucial transformations work.Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: اِشرَبُ (ishrabu)
- 1✗ Wrong: اُکتُبين (uktubīn)
- 1✗ Wrong: اِجلِسوا (ijlisū) for two people
Real Conversations
A
B
(A: Ahmed, sit here.
B
A
B
(A: Maryam, drink the hot tea.
B
A
B
(A: Children, go to the door.
B
Quick FAQ
How do I form the imperative verb in Arabic from a root?
You generally take the present tense form addressing you (masculine singular), drop the initial ta- prefix, and adjust the end vowel/add a prefix vowel (hamzat al-wasl) and suffix (for gender/number).
Are there irregular imperative verbs in Arabic?
Yes, like in many languages, some verbs, especially those with weak letters (wāw, alif, yā'), have slight irregularities in their imperative forms, but the core patterns for gender/number usually remain.
What's the difference between commanding a man and a woman in Arabic?
To command a man (singular), the verb ends with a sukoon (or a deleted weak letter). To command a woman (singular), you add a ي (yā') to the end, resulting in an 'ī' sound.
Can I use imperative verbs for polite requests in Arabic?
While they are direct commands, the tone of voice, context, and adding words like مِن فَضلِك (min faḍlik - please) can soften them into polite requests.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「~ください」の魔法の言葉
「あなた」を表す部分を「取り除く」と考える
「イー」の音に耳を傾けてみて
みんなへのルール
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
At the Language School
Review Summary
- Alif + Root + Sukun
- Alif + Root + ī
- Alif + Root + ū
よくある間違い
Learners often forget to remove the present tense prefix 'ta-' and add the initial Alif.
Using the feminine suffix '-ī' when addressing a male subject.
Shortening the feminine plural suffix incorrectly or forgetting the Sukun on the final root letter.
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You've just gained a massive amount of communicative power! Being able to direct actions is a huge milestone in your Arabic journey. Keep practicing these forms with friends—they'll be impressed by your accuracy!
Mirror Talk: Give yourself 5 different commands in the mirror.
Recipe Writing: Write 3 steps for making tea using imperative verbs.
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
يا علي، تجلس هنا.
اِجْلِسْ を使う必要があります。元の文は現在形(「あなたは座る」)である تجلس を使っており、「座りなさい!」という命令ではありませんでした。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令する(男性形):「これをしろ!」(if'al)
Find and fix the mistake:
يَا مَرْيَم، اِفْتَحْ النَّافِذَةَ.
اِفْتَحْ』ではなく、女性命令形の『اِفْتَحِي』でなければなりません。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の命令形:女性への命令
Find and fix the mistake:
يا أصدقاء، اذْهَبُونَ إلى المَطْعَم.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語のグループ命令:「皆さん」への呼びかけ (-ū)
正しいグループへの命令形を選びなさい:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語のグループ命令:「皆さん」への呼びかけ (-ū)
___ إِلَى الجَامِعَة! (語根: dh-h-b)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 女性への命令:複数形 (Uktubna)
يا أحمد، ___ الدرس.
اُكْتُبْ は、「書く」という動詞の男性単数命令形です。男性であるアーメドに書くように言うときに使います。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令する(男性形):「これをしろ!」(if'al)
___ (Listen) to the teacher!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令形:人に指示を出そう! (uktub, ishrab)
Ya Ahmed, ___ (to write) your name here.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令形:人に指示を出そう! (uktub, ishrab)
Find and fix the mistake:
Idhhabuu ilaa al-suuq. (Addressing one man)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令形:人に指示を出そう! (uktub, ishrab)
Find and fix the mistake:
يَا فَتَيَات، اُدْخُلُوا الغُرْفَة.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 女性への命令:複数形 (Uktubna)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
ـي」(-i) をつけるのが一般的です。「اُكْتُبِي」(«書きなさい») のようにね。اِفْتَحِي الْبَابَ」(«ドアを開けて») のように。