A1 · 초급 챕터 29

Giving Commands

6 총 규칙
60 예문
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power to lead, guide, and instruct others using the Arabic imperative mood.

  • Form basic commands from three-letter verb roots.
  • Adapt your instructions based on who you are talking to.
  • Master the subtle suffix changes for groups and pairs.
Command the room and lead the way in Arabic!

배울 내용

Hey there! Ready to learn how to tell people what to do in Arabic? In this exciting chapter, we're diving into the world of Arabic imperative verbs, so you can confidently give commands and instructions. We'll start with simple examples like 'write' (اُکتُب) and 'drink' (اِشرَب), and you'll quickly see how easy it is to transform regular verbs into powerful commands. Then, you'll discover how to precisely direct your commands: whether you're addressing a single man (اِفعَل), a woman (اِفعَلی), two people (اِفعَلا), or even a group of women (اُکتُبنَ) or men (اِفعَلوا). All these variations come with small, logical changes to the verb, much like pieces of a puzzle fitting perfectly together. Imagine you're in a bustling market in Marrakech, wanting to say 'Look here!' (اُنظُر هُنا), or in a friendly gathering, wanting to say 'Listen up, everyone!' (اِسمَعوا). These practical skills will empower you to communicate clearly and swiftly in everyday situations. Don't worry, this part is easier than you think and will give you a huge confidence boost. Let's conquer Arabic together!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to form the basic masculine singular command for any regular verb.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to distinguish between masculine and feminine commands in spoken Arabic.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to address a group of people with the correct plural imperative suffix.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to an exciting journey into Arabic grammar A1! In this chapter, we're unlocking the power of Arabic imperative verbs, giving you the tools to confidently give commands and instructions in Arabic. This is a fundamental skill for any beginner learner at the CEFR A1 level, and mastering it will significantly boost your ability to communicate effectively in everyday situations.
Forget complex conjugations for a moment; we're focusing on direct, actionable language.
Understanding how to form and use commands in Arabic is incredibly practical. Whether you're asking for help, giving directions, or simply encouraging someone, these verbs are your go-to. We'll start with simple, high-frequency examples like اُکتُب (uktub - write!) and اِشرَب (ishrab - drink!), showing you just how straightforward it is to transform a regular verb into a powerful instruction.
This guide is designed to make learning giving commands in Arabic intuitive and fun, laying a solid foundation for more advanced studies.
By the end of this chapter, you’ll not only recognize Arabic imperative verbs but also be able to use them with precision. Imagine yourself confidently saying 'Look here!' (اُنظُر هُنا) in a bustling market or 'Listen up, everyone!' (اِسمَعوا) in a friendly gathering. These practical skills will empower you to interact more authentically and quickly in Arabic-speaking environments, proving that learning A1 Arabic can be immediately rewarding.

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, Arabic imperative verbs are all about telling someone to do something. Unlike English, where we often just use the base form of the verb (e.g., go, eat), Arabic verbs change their form based on who you're addressing: a single man, a single woman, two people, or a group. This chapter covers the Imperative Mood in Arabic, showing you how these crucial transformations work.
Let's break down the different forms, starting with the basic Giving Commands (Masculine). For a single male, the imperative usually begins with an 'i' or 'u' sound (often from a hamzat al-waṣl) followed by the root letters. For example, from the verb كَتَبَ (kataba - he wrote), we get اُکتُب (uktub - write!
[to a man]). Similarly, from شَرِبَ (shariba - he drank), it becomes اِشرَب (ishrab - drink! [to a man]).
Next, for Arabic Imperative: Giving Commands to a Woman, we simply add a ي (yā') sound at the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) becomes اُکتُبی (uktubī - write! [to a woman]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبی (ishrabī - drink!
[to a woman]). This small change makes a big difference in addressing someone correctly.
When you're talking to two people, regardless of gender, you use the Commands for Two People (Dual Imperative). Here, an ا (alif) is added to the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) transforms into اُکتُبا (uktubā - write!
[to two people]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبا (ishrabā - drink! [to two people]).
For a group of men, or a mixed group, we use the Arabic Group Commands: Addressing 'You All' (-ū). This involves adding a وا (wāw alif) to the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) becomes اُکتُبوا (uktubū - write!
[to men/group]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبوا (ishrabū - drink! [to men/group]).
Finally, for Commands for Women: Plural (Uktubna), when addressing a group of only women, we add نَ (nūnal-niswa) to the end. This makes اُکتُب (uktub) become اُکتُبنَ (uktubna - write! [to women]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبنَ (ishrabna - drink!
[to women]). These logical additions are like puzzle pieces, ensuring your command is precise and respectful.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: اِشرَبُ (ishrabu)
Correct: اِشرَب (ishrab)
*Explanation:* The imperative singular masculine form does not end with a dammah (ُ). It should have a sukoon (ْ) on the last letter, indicating the command form.
  1. 1Wrong: اُکتُبين (uktubīn)
Correct: اُکتُبی (uktubī)
*Explanation:* When commanding a single woman, the correct ending is a long 'ī' sound, represented by the letter ي (yā'), not ين (yā' nūn). The ن (nūn) is dropped in the imperative.
  1. 1Wrong: اِجلِسوا (ijlisū) for two people
Correct: اِجلِسا (ijlisā)
*Explanation:* The وا (wāw alif) ending is for a group of men or mixed group. For two people (dual), the correct ending is ا (alif).

Real Conversations

A

A

يا أحمَد، اِجلِس هُنا. (Yā Aḥmad, ijlis hunā.)
B

B

شُكراً يا أُستاذ. (Shukran yā ustādh.)

(A: Ahmed, sit here.

B

B

Thank you, teacher.)
A

A

مريم، اِشرَبي الشاي الساخن. (Maryam, ishrabī ash-shāy as-sākhin.)
B

B

حسناً، سأشرب. (Ḥasanan, sa-ashrab.)

(A: Maryam, drink the hot tea.

B

B

Okay, I will drink.)
A

A

يا أولاد، اِذهَبوا إلى الباب. (Yā awlād, idhhabū ilā al-bāb.)
B

B

نعم يا أبي. (Naʿam yā abī.)

(A: Children, go to the door.

B

B

Yes, father.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I form the imperative verb in Arabic from a root?

You generally take the present tense form addressing you (masculine singular), drop the initial ta- prefix, and adjust the end vowel/add a prefix vowel (hamzat al-wasl) and suffix (for gender/number).

Q

Are there irregular imperative verbs in Arabic?

Yes, like in many languages, some verbs, especially those with weak letters (wāw, alif, yā'), have slight irregularities in their imperative forms, but the core patterns for gender/number usually remain.

Q

What's the difference between commanding a man and a woman in Arabic?

To command a man (singular), the verb ends with a sukoon (or a deleted weak letter). To command a woman (singular), you add a ي (yā') to the end, resulting in an 'ī' sound.

Q

Can I use imperative verbs for polite requests in Arabic?

While they are direct commands, the tone of voice, context, and adding words like مِن فَضلِك (min faḍlik - please) can soften them into polite requests.

Cultural Context

In Arabic-speaking cultures, using imperative verbs is common and generally accepted, especially in familiar contexts or when giving clear instructions. However, politeness is highly valued. While direct commands like اِذهَب (idhhab - go!) are grammatically correct, adding مِن فَضلِك (min faḍlik - please [to a man]) or مِن فَضلِكِ (min faḍliki - please [to a woman]) is always recommended in formal or less familiar situations to maintain respect and courtesy.
The choice of ending (for gender and number) is also a sign of respect and proper address.

주요 예문 (8)

1

uktub risaala(tan) li-Sadiiqika.

친구에게 메시지를 써!

명령법: 사람들에게 지시하기! (uktub, ishrab)
2

ishrabii al-maa'a, anti ta'baana.

물 마셔, 너 피곤해. (여자한테 말할 때)

명령법: 사람들에게 지시하기! (uktub, ishrab)
3

Iftaḥ al-bāb min faḍlik.

문 좀 열어주세요.

명령하기 (남성형): '이거 해!' (if'al)
4

Unẓur ilā hādhihi al-ṣūrah!

이 사진 좀 봐!

명령하기 (남성형): '이거 해!' (if'al)
5

اِجْلِسِي `ijlisī`

여기 앉아주세요.

아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기
6

اِفْتَحِي `iftaḥī`

라일라, 문 열어.

아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기
7

يا شَباب، اشْرَبُوا العَصير!

얘들아, 주스 마셔!

아랍어 복수 명령형: '여러분'에게 말하기 (-ū)
8

تَابِعُوا حِسابِي على إنستغرام.

내 인스타그램 계정 팔로우하세요.

아랍어 복수 명령형: '여러분'에게 말하기 (-ū)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

부탁할 땐 '제발'을 붙여주세요

아랍어 명령은 아주 직접적이에요. 상대방이 부담스러워하지 않게, 부탁할 때는 'min faDlik' (부탁합니다)를 꼭 붙여주세요. «اِجْلِسْ هُنا مِنْ فَضْلِكَ» (Ijlis hunaa min faDlika)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령법: 사람들에게 지시하기! (uktub, ishrab)
💡

'너'를 떼어낸다고 생각하세요

명령형은 '너'를 나타내는 접두사 تَـ를 현재형 동사에서 떼어내는 거라고 생각하면 쉬워요. «تَكْتُبُ» (너는 쓴다)에서 تَـ를 빼고 اُكْتُبْ (써!)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령하기 (남성형): '이거 해!' (if'al)
💡

'이' 소리에 귀 기울여 보세요

아랍어 드라마나 영화를 볼 때, 남자 등장인물이 여자에게 말하는 장면에 집중해 보세요. 동사 끝에 나는 '이' 소리를 찾아보세요. 귀를 훈련하는 좋은 방법이에요. «اكتبي!»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기
💡

'너희들' 규칙

친구들 모임에 남자 한 명이라도 있다면, 이 '남자 복수형'을 써야 해요. 일상생활에서 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 복수형이에요! «اشْرَبُوا!»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 복수 명령형: '여러분'에게 말하기 (-ū)

핵심 어휘 (6)

كَتَبَ to write (kataba) شَرِبَ to drink (shariba) دَخَلَ to enter (dakhala) خَرَجَ to exit (kharaja) جَلَسَ to sit (jalasa) قَرَأَ to read (qara'a)

Real-World Preview

school

At the Language School

Review Summary

  • Alif + Root + Sukun
  • Alif + Root + ī
  • Alif + Root + ū

자주 하는 실수

Learners often forget to remove the present tense prefix 'ta-' and add the initial Alif.

Wrong: تَكْتُب (Taktub)
정답: اُكْتُب (Uktub)

Using the feminine suffix '-ī' when addressing a male subject.

Wrong: اِجْلِسِي يَا أَحْمَد (Ijlisī yā Ahmad)
정답: اِجْلِس يَا أَحْمَد (Ijlis yā Ahmad)

Shortening the feminine plural suffix incorrectly or forgetting the Sukun on the final root letter.

Wrong: اُكْتُبُن (Uktubun)
정답: اُكْتُبْنَ (Uktubna)

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

Next Steps

You've just gained a massive amount of communicative power! Being able to direct actions is a huge milestone in your Arabic journey. Keep practicing these forms with friends—they'll be impressed by your accuracy!

Mirror Talk: Give yourself 5 different commands in the mirror.

Recipe Writing: Write 3 steps for making tea using imperative verbs.

빠른 연습 (10)

두 친구에게 말할 때 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ya Ali wa Omar, ijlisaa huna.
알리와 오마르는 두 명이니까, 이중 명령형 ijlisaa를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 두 사람을 위한 명령형 (쌍수)

'쓰다'의 올바른 명령형으로 빈칸을 채우세요.

يا أحمد، ___ الدرس.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اُكْتُبْ
اُكْتُبْ은 '쓰다' 동사의 남성 단수 명령형이에요. 남자 사람인 아흐마드에게 쓰라고 말할 때 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령하기 (남성형): '이거 해!' (if'al)

여성에게 '물 마셔!'라고 올바르게 말하는 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اِشْرَبِي الْمَاءَ.
اِشْرَبِي는 한 명의 여성에게 명령할 때 쓰는 올바른 명령형이에요. اِشْرَبْ은 남성에게, اِشْرَبْنَ은 여성 복수에게 쓰는 거예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

يَا مَرْيَم، اِفْتَحْ النَّافِذَةَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يَا مَرْيَم، اِفْتَحِي النَّافِذَةَ.
명령은 마리암(Maryam)에게 하는 것이므로, 동사는 남성형 اِفْتَحْ (iftaḥ)가 아닌 여성 명령형 اِفْتَحِي (iftaḥī)가 되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기

그룹은 모두 여성이지만, 말하는 사람이 잘못된 성별을 사용했어요.

Find and fix the mistake:

يَا فَتَيَات، اُدْخُلُوا الغُرْفَة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يَا فَتَيَات، اُدْخُلْنَ الغُرْفَة.
'Udhkhulū'는 남성 복수형이에요. 'fatayāt'(어린 여자들)에게 말하는 것이므로, 'Udhkhulna'를 사용해야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 여성에 대한 명령: 복수형 (Uktubna)

남자에게 '책을 열어라'라고 올바르게 말하는 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct command:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اِفْتَحْ الكتاب.
اِفْتَحْ은 남성 단수 주어에 대한 명령형이에요. اِفْتَحِي는 여성을 위한 것이고, تَفْتَحُ는 현재형 평서문이지 명령이 아니에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령하기 (남성형): '이거 해!' (if'al)

친구 사라에게 수업을 쓰라고 말해 보세요.

يَا سَارَة، ... الدَّرْسَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اُكْتُبِي
사라(Sara)는 한 명의 여성이므로, 여성 명령형인 اُكْتُبِي (uktubī)를 사용해야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 명령형: 여성에게 명령하기

세 명의 여자 친구에게 '앉아' (j-l-s)라고 말하고 있어요.

어떤 명령이 맞을까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اِجْلِسْنَ (Ijlisna)
옵션 1은 남성 복수형이에요. 옵션 3은 단수 여성형이고요. 옵션 2는 여성 복수를 나타내는 '-na'로 끝나요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 여성에 대한 명령: 복수형 (Uktubna)

여러 명에게 올바른 명령형은 무엇일까요?

___ (Listen) to the teacher!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: isma'uu
접미사 '-uu'는 남성/혼성 복수형을 나타내요. 'isma''는 단수 남성, 'isma'ii'는 단수 여성이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령법: 사람들에게 지시하기! (uktub, ishrab)

동사를 명령형으로 바꿔보세요.

Ya Ahmed, ___ (to write) your name here.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: uktub
아흐메드에게 뭔가 하라고 말하는 중이에요. 명령형 'uktub' (써!)가 필요해요. 'Yaktubu'는 '그가 쓴다'예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 명령법: 사람들에게 지시하기! (uktub, ishrab)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

아니요, '가자'는 달라요. 보통 'Yalla'나 'linadhhab' («우리 가자»)를 써요. 명령형은 오직 '너'한테만 쓰는 거예요.
약한 글자 (w, y, a)는 게을러서, 명령형에서는 단어를 짧게 하려고 자주 사라져요. 'Qaala' (그가 말했다)는 'Qul' («말해!»)이 돼요.
아랍어 남성 단수 명령형은 한 명의 남자에게 명령이나 지시를 할 때 쓰는 동사 형태예요. 예를 들어, 남동생에게 '읽어'라고 말하려면 명령형 اِقْرَأْ (iqraʾ)를 사용해요.
아랍어 동사는 누가 언제 행동하는지에 따라 형태가 바뀌어요. 명령형은 사실을 말하거나 질문하는 것이 아니라, 직접적인 명령을 내린다는 것을 명확히 해줘요.
한 명의 여성에게 명령하거나 요청, 지시를 할 때 사용하는 특별한 동사 형태예요. 보통 남성 명령형 뒤에 ـي (-i) 접미사를 붙여서 만들어요. «اكتُبِي!»
간단해요. 한 명의 여성에게 직접 말하고 있다면 무조건 사용해야 해요. 예를 들어, 여동생이나 여자 친구, 여자 동료에게 말할 때요. «يا صديقتي، اكتُبِي.»