A1 · 入门 章节 29

Giving Commands

6 总规则
60 例句
5 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power to lead, guide, and instruct others using the Arabic imperative mood.

  • Form basic commands from three-letter verb roots.
  • Adapt your instructions based on who you are talking to.
  • Master the subtle suffix changes for groups and pairs.
Command the room and lead the way in Arabic!

你将学到什么

Hey there! Ready to learn how to tell people what to do in Arabic? In this exciting chapter, we're diving into the world of Arabic imperative verbs, so you can confidently give commands and instructions. We'll start with simple examples like 'write' (اُکتُب) and 'drink' (اِشرَب), and you'll quickly see how easy it is to transform regular verbs into powerful commands. Then, you'll discover how to precisely direct your commands: whether you're addressing a single man (اِفعَل), a woman (اِفعَلی), two people (اِفعَلا), or even a group of women (اُکتُبنَ) or men (اِفعَلوا). All these variations come with small, logical changes to the verb, much like pieces of a puzzle fitting perfectly together. Imagine you're in a bustling market in Marrakech, wanting to say 'Look here!' (اُنظُر هُنا), or in a friendly gathering, wanting to say 'Listen up, everyone!' (اِسمَعوا). These practical skills will empower you to communicate clearly and swiftly in everyday situations. Don't worry, this part is easier than you think and will give you a huge confidence boost. Let's conquer Arabic together!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to form the basic masculine singular command for any regular verb.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to distinguish between masculine and feminine commands in spoken Arabic.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to address a group of people with the correct plural imperative suffix.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome to an exciting journey into Arabic grammar A1! In this chapter, we're unlocking the power of Arabic imperative verbs, giving you the tools to confidently give commands and instructions in Arabic. This is a fundamental skill for any beginner learner at the CEFR A1 level, and mastering it will significantly boost your ability to communicate effectively in everyday situations.
Forget complex conjugations for a moment; we're focusing on direct, actionable language.
Understanding how to form and use commands in Arabic is incredibly practical. Whether you're asking for help, giving directions, or simply encouraging someone, these verbs are your go-to. We'll start with simple, high-frequency examples like اُکتُب (uktub - write!) and اِشرَب (ishrab - drink!), showing you just how straightforward it is to transform a regular verb into a powerful instruction.
This guide is designed to make learning giving commands in Arabic intuitive and fun, laying a solid foundation for more advanced studies.
By the end of this chapter, you’ll not only recognize Arabic imperative verbs but also be able to use them with precision. Imagine yourself confidently saying 'Look here!' (اُنظُر هُنا) in a bustling market or 'Listen up, everyone!' (اِسمَعوا) in a friendly gathering. These practical skills will empower you to interact more authentically and quickly in Arabic-speaking environments, proving that learning A1 Arabic can be immediately rewarding.

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, Arabic imperative verbs are all about telling someone to do something. Unlike English, where we often just use the base form of the verb (e.g., go, eat), Arabic verbs change their form based on who you're addressing: a single man, a single woman, two people, or a group. This chapter covers the Imperative Mood in Arabic, showing you how these crucial transformations work.
Let's break down the different forms, starting with the basic Giving Commands (Masculine). For a single male, the imperative usually begins with an 'i' or 'u' sound (often from a hamzat al-waṣl) followed by the root letters. For example, from the verb كَتَبَ (kataba - he wrote), we get اُکتُب (uktub - write!
[to a man]). Similarly, from شَرِبَ (shariba - he drank), it becomes اِشرَب (ishrab - drink! [to a man]).
Next, for Arabic Imperative: Giving Commands to a Woman, we simply add a ي (yā') sound at the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) becomes اُکتُبی (uktubī - write! [to a woman]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبی (ishrabī - drink!
[to a woman]). This small change makes a big difference in addressing someone correctly.
When you're talking to two people, regardless of gender, you use the Commands for Two People (Dual Imperative). Here, an ا (alif) is added to the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) transforms into اُکتُبا (uktubā - write!
[to two people]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبا (ishrabā - drink! [to two people]).
For a group of men, or a mixed group, we use the Arabic Group Commands: Addressing 'You All' (-ū). This involves adding a وا (wāw alif) to the end. So, اُکتُب (uktub) becomes اُکتُبوا (uktubū - write!
[to men/group]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبوا (ishrabū - drink! [to men/group]).
Finally, for Commands for Women: Plural (Uktubna), when addressing a group of only women, we add نَ (nūnal-niswa) to the end. This makes اُکتُب (uktub) become اُکتُبنَ (uktubna - write! [to women]), and اِشرَب (ishrab) becomes اِشرَبنَ (ishrabna - drink!
[to women]). These logical additions are like puzzle pieces, ensuring your command is precise and respectful.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: اِشرَبُ (ishrabu)
✓ Correct: اِشرَب (ishrab)
*Explanation:* The imperative singular masculine form does not end with a dammah (ُ). It should have a sukoon (ْ) on the last letter, indicating the command form.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: اُکتُبين (uktubīn)
✓ Correct: اُکتُبی (uktubī)
*Explanation:* When commanding a single woman, the correct ending is a long 'ī' sound, represented by the letter ي (yā'), not ين (yā' nūn). The ن (nūn) is dropped in the imperative.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: اِجلِسوا (ijlisū) for two people
✓ Correct: اِجلِسا (ijlisā)
*Explanation:* The وا (wāw alif) ending is for a group of men or mixed group. For two people (dual), the correct ending is ا (alif).

Real Conversations

A

A

يا أحمَد، اِجلِس هُنا. (Yā Aḥmad, ijlis hunā.)
B

B

شُكراً يا أُستاذ. (Shukran yā ustādh.)

(A: Ahmed, sit here.

B

B

Thank you, teacher.)
A

A

مريم، اِشرَبي الشاي الساخن. (Maryam, ishrabī ash-shāy as-sākhin.)
B

B

حسناً، سأشرب. (Ḥasanan, sa-ashrab.)

(A: Maryam, drink the hot tea.

B

B

Okay, I will drink.)
A

A

يا أولاد، اِذهَبوا إلى الباب. (Yā awlād, idhhabū ilā al-bāb.)
B

B

نعم يا أبي. (Naʿam yā abī.)

(A: Children, go to the door.

B

B

Yes, father.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I form the imperative verb in Arabic from a root?

You generally take the present tense form addressing you (masculine singular), drop the initial ta- prefix, and adjust the end vowel/add a prefix vowel (hamzat al-wasl) and suffix (for gender/number).

Q

Are there irregular imperative verbs in Arabic?

Yes, like in many languages, some verbs, especially those with weak letters (wāw, alif, yā'), have slight irregularities in their imperative forms, but the core patterns for gender/number usually remain.

Q

What's the difference between commanding a man and a woman in Arabic?

To command a man (singular), the verb ends with a sukoon (or a deleted weak letter). To command a woman (singular), you add a ي (yā') to the end, resulting in an 'ī' sound.

Q

Can I use imperative verbs for polite requests in Arabic?

While they are direct commands, the tone of voice, context, and adding words like مِن فَضلِك (min faḍlik - please) can soften them into polite requests.

Cultural Context

In Arabic-speaking cultures, using imperative verbs is common and generally accepted, especially in familiar contexts or when giving clear instructions. However, politeness is highly valued. While direct commands like اِذهَب (idhhab - go!) are grammatically correct, adding مِن فَضلِك (min faḍlik - please [to a man]) or مِن فَضلِكِ (min faḍliki - please [to a woman]) is always recommended in formal or less familiar situations to maintain respect and courtesy.
The choice of ending (for gender and number) is also a sign of respect and proper address.

关键例句 (8)

1

uktub risaala(tan) li-Sadiiqika.

给你的朋友写封信。

祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)
2

ishrabii al-maa'a, anti ta'baana.

喝水吧，你累了。

祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)
3

Iftaḥ al-bāb min faḍlik.

请开门。

发出命令（阳性）：“做这个！” (if'al)
4

Unẓur ilā hādhihi al-ṣūrah!

看这张照片！

发出命令（阳性）：“做这个！” (if'al)
5

اِجْلِسِي `ijlisī`

请坐这里。

阿拉伯语命令式：向女性下达命令
6

اِفْتَحِي `iftaḥī`

蕾拉，开门。

阿拉伯语命令式：向女性下达命令
7

يا شَباب، اشْرَبُوا العَصير!

伙计们，喝果汁！

阿拉伯语群体命令：称呼“你们所有人” (-ū)
8

تَابِعُوا حِسابِي على إنستغرام.

在Instagram上关注我的账号。

阿拉伯语群体命令：称呼“你们所有人” (-ū)

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

礼貌规则

跟不熟的人或长辈说话，记得加“min faDlik”（请），这样听起来才不至于太直接，比如：“اِجْلِسْ هُنا مِنْ فَضْلِكَ”（请坐这里）。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)
💡

想象成“去掉‘你’”

想象一下，你想让你的朋友“写下”一个地址。最简单的方法就是把现在时动词里表示“你”的 تَـ 去掉，它就直接变成命令了！ «اُكْتُبْ العنوان.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 发出命令（阳性）：“做这个！” (if'al)
💡

留意“ee”的声音

看阿拉伯语节目或电影时，如果男士对女士说话，仔细听命令动词结尾的“ee”音。这是训练耳朵的好方法！«اِجْلِسِي!»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 阿拉伯语命令式：向女性下达命令
💡

“你们所有人”的规则

如果你的队伍里哪怕只有一个男生，也要用“男性复数”形式。日常生活中，这是最常用的复数形式哦。«يا شَباب، اشْرَبُوا العَصير!»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 阿拉伯语群体命令：称呼“你们所有人” (-ū)

核心词汇 (6)

كَتَبَ to write (kataba) شَرِبَ to drink (shariba) دَخَلَ to enter (dakhala) خَرَجَ to exit (kharaja) جَلَسَ to sit (jalasa) قَرَأَ to read (qara'a)

Real-World Preview

school

At the Language School

Review Summary

  • Alif + Root + Sukun
  • Alif + Root + ī
  • Alif + Root + ū

常见错误

Learners often forget to remove the present tense prefix 'ta-' and add the initial Alif.

Wrong: تَكْتُب (Taktub)
正确: اُكْتُب (Uktub)

Using the feminine suffix '-ī' when addressing a male subject.

Wrong: اِجْلِسِي يَا أَحْمَد (Ijlisī yā Ahmad)
正确: اِجْلِس يَا أَحْمَد (Ijlis yā Ahmad)

Shortening the feminine plural suffix incorrectly or forgetting the Sukun on the final root letter.

Wrong: اُكْتُبُن (Uktubun)
正确: اُكْتُبْنَ (Uktubna)

Next Steps

You've just gained a massive amount of communicative power! Being able to direct actions is a huge milestone in your Arabic journey. Keep practicing these forms with friends—they'll be impressed by your accuracy!

Mirror Talk: Give yourself 5 different commands in the mirror.

Recipe Writing: Write 3 steps for making tea using imperative verbs.

Continue to: Saying 'Don't' and Setting Conditions

快速练习 (10)

将动词转换为祈使命令形式。

Ya Ahmed, ___ (to write) your name here.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: uktub
我们正在告诉 Ahmed 做某事。我们需要祈使句 'uktub'（写！）。'Yaktubu' 是‘他写’的意思。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)

找出并改正句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

يا علي، تجلس هنا.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يا علي، اِجْلِسْ هنا.
要下达命令，你必须使用命令式 اِجْلِسْ。原句使用了 تجلس，这是现在时（“你坐”），而不是命令（“坐下！”）。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 发出命令（阳性）：“做这个！” (if'al)

你正在和三位女性朋友说话。告诉她们“坐下”（j-l-s）。

哪个命令是正确的？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اِجْلِسْنَ (Ijlisna)
选项1是男性复数。选项3是女性单数。选项2以“-na”结尾，是女性复数标记。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 给女性的命令：复数 (Uktubna)

找出这个命令中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Idhhabuu ilaa al-suuq. (Addressing one man)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idhhab ilaa al-suuq.
如果对象是一位男性，我们使用单数阳性形式 'Idhhab'。'Idhhabuu' 是复数形式。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)

找出双人命令式中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ya Sara wa Maha, uktubaan al-risala.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ya Sara wa Maha, uktubaa al-risala.
现在时态词尾的 'n' 在命令式中必须去掉。'Uktubaan' 变成 'Uktubaa'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 给两个人的命令（双数命令式）

哪种命令形式适用于一群人？

___ (Listen) to the teacher!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: isma'uu
后缀 '-uu' 表示阳性/混合复数。'isma'' 是单数阳性，'isma'ii' 是单数阴性。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 祈使语气：告诉别人做什么！ (uktub, ishrab)

告诉你的朋友萨拉写这节课。

يَا سَارَة، ... الدَّرْسَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اُكْتُبِي
因为你在和单数女性萨拉说话，所以必须使用阴性命令式 اُكْتُبِي (uktubī)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 阿拉伯语命令式：向女性下达命令

完成命令：“___（去）大学！”对一群女性发出指令。

___ إِلَى الجَامِعَة! (词根: dh-h-b)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اِذْهَبْنَ
词根是 dh-h-b。对“你们所有（女）”的命令式形式会加上前缀“i-”和后缀“-na”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 给女性的命令：复数 (Uktubna)

完成两个人使用的命令式动词。

___ (to go) to the car! (Root: dh-h-b)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idhhabaa
我们需要以 'aa' 结尾的双人形式。'Idhhabuu' 是复数，'Idhhabi' 是阴性单数。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 给两个人的命令（双数命令式）

找出并改正这个群体命令中的错误

Find and fix the mistake:

يا أصدقاء، اذْهَبُونَ إلى المَطْعَم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اذْهَبُوا إلى المَطْعَم.
你必须去掉动词结尾的“n”（nūn）来构成命令式。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 阿拉伯语群体命令：称呼“你们所有人” (-ū)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

不行，那个用法不同。“Let's go”我们通常说“Yalla”或者动词“linadhhab”（让我们去）。祈使句是专门给“你”下命令的。
弱字母 (w, y, a) 比较“懒”。在命令形式中，它们常常被省略，为了让单词更短。比如“Qaala”（他说）就变成了“Qul”（说！）。
它是用来给一个男性下达命令或指示的特定动词形式。比如，你想告诉你的兄弟“读”，你就会用命令式 اِقْرَأْ (iqraʾ)。
阿拉伯语动词会根据执行动作的人和时间而变化。命令语气能清楚地表明你正在下达一个直接的命令，而不是仅仅陈述一个事实或提问。
这是一种特殊的动词形式，用于向一位女士发出命令、请求或指示。通常是在男性命令式动词末尾加上后缀 ـي (-i) 构成的。
很简单：如果你直接跟一个人说话，而且这个人是女性，你就必须使用它。例如，当你和你的姐妹、女性朋友或女性同事说话时。
上一章
Future Plans and Intentions
下一章
Saying 'Don't' and Setting Conditions
返回学习路线