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A2 noun #2,500 よく出る 6分で読める

لحمة

lahmah
At the A1 level, 'Lahma' is a vital 'survival' word. You learn it primarily to talk about food you like or dislike. You will use it in simple sentences like 'I eat meat' (أنا آكل لحمة) or 'I want meat' (أريد لحمة). At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar; just focus on the sound and the fact that it refers to red meat. You will mostly hear it in the context of a menu or a dinner table. It's one of the first 500 words you should know because food is a central part of Arabic conversation. You might also learn that 'Lahma' is feminine, so you say 'Lahma Kabira' (Big piece of meat).
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'Lahma' with more description. You can now specify how you want it cooked (grilled, fried, boiled) and what kind of animal it comes from (beef or lamb). You start to notice the difference between the collective 'Lahm' and the specific 'Lahma'. You can handle a basic interaction at a butcher shop, asking for a specific weight like 'Nusf kilo lahma' (Half a kilo of meat). You also learn to use it in the negative, explaining dietary preferences or allergies. Your sentences become more structured, like 'The meat in this restaurant is very delicious.'
At the B1 level, you move beyond the plate. You start to encounter the word in idiomatic expressions and more complex social situations. You can discuss the price of meat and its impact on the cost of living. You understand the word in the context of cultural traditions, such as the importance of meat in hospitality. You also begin to see the root L-H-M in other words, like 'Mulahama' (welding) or 'Lahim' (soldiering/joining), and you start to connect the physical concept of 'flesh' with the abstract concept of 'joining things together'. You can follow a recipe in Arabic that uses 'Lahma' as a base.
At the B2 level, you use 'Lahma' and its derivatives with nuance. You understand the metaphorical use of 'social cohesion' (اللحمة الاجتماعية) in news reports. You can distinguish between different registers—using 'Lahma' in casual conversation and 'Lahm' or 'Ansuja' (tissues) in more formal or scientific discussions. You are comfortable with the plural 'Luhum' and can discuss different types of meats and their nutritional values. You can also understand puns or jokes that might involve the word, and you are aware of the subtle dialectal variations across the Arab world.
At the C1 level, you appreciate the etymological depth of the root. You can analyze how 'Lahma' functions in classical poetry or modern literature to represent the physical essence of humanity. You understand the legal and religious nuances of 'Lahm' in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), such as the rules of slaughtering. You can engage in high-level debates about food security or the ethics of meat consumption using precise terminology. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct use of 'Lahma' to mean a specific instance or piece versus the general substance.
At the C2 level, you have a masterly command over the word's history and its various semantic shifts over centuries. You can discuss the transition of the word from Proto-Semitic roots to its current form. You understand the most obscure idioms and can use the word in creative writing to evoke specific sensory or emotional responses. You are aware of how the word 'Lahma' specifically evolved in various dialects (like the Egyptian 'Lahma' vs the Gulf 'Lahm') and can code-switch between these registers perfectly. You can interpret complex metaphors where 'meat' represents the core or essence of an abstract philosophical concept.
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لحمة 30秒で

  • Lahma means a piece of meat and is a feminine noun in Arabic, essential for food-related conversations and shopping.
  • It comes from the root L-H-M, which relates to joining or flesh, and has both literal and metaphorical meanings.
  • In dialects like Egyptian, it is the standard word for meat, whereas MSA often uses the collective 'Lahm'.
  • Cultural significance is high, as meat is a staple of hospitality and religious celebrations like Eid al-Adha.

The word لحمة (Lahma) is a fundamental noun in the Arabic language, primarily referring to a piece of meat or the flesh of an animal used as food. While the collective noun لحم (Lahm) describes meat as a general category, adding the ta marbuta (ة) often individualizes the concept, referring to a specific cut or a single piece. In many Arabic dialects, particularly Egyptian and Levantine, لحمة is the standard way to refer to meat in any quantity. Understanding this word is essential for navigating daily life, from grocery shopping to dining out and understanding cultural culinary traditions.

Grammatical Category
Singular feminine noun (اسم مفرد مؤنث).
Root
L-H-M (ل-ح-م), associated with joining, mending, or the physical substance of flesh.
Core Concept
The edible muscle and fat of livestock (beef, lamb, goat) or poultry.

"أريد كيلو من الـلحمة المفرومة من فضلك."

— I want a kilo of minced meat, please.

Beyond the literal culinary definition, the word carries significant weight in social and economic contexts. In many Arab cultures, serving meat is a sign of hospitality (Karam). A table without meat is often considered incomplete when hosting guests. Historically, the availability of meat was a marker of prosperity, and this linguistic residue remains in how we talk about 'the meat of the matter' or the substance of an argument. The word also appears in biological contexts to describe tissue, though 'nasij' is more technical.

"هذه الـلحمة طرية جداً وسهلة المضغ."

— This piece of meat is very tender and easy to chew.

In the kitchen, the word is the starting point for dozens of dishes. Whether it is 'Lahma Mashwiya' (Grilled meat) or 'Lahma bi-Ajeen' (Meat with dough), the word serves as the anchor for the meal's identity. It is important to distinguish it from 'Dajaj' (Chicken) or 'Samak' (Fish), as in many traditional contexts, 'Lahma' specifically implies red meat (beef or lamb).

"لا آكل الـلحمة لأنني نباتي."

— I don't eat meat because I am a vegetarian.
Plural Form
لحوم (Luhum) - used for types of meat or large quantities.
Adjective Form
لحمي (Lahmi) - Meaty or flesh-colored.

"طبخنا لحمة العيد مع الأرز."

— We cooked the Eid meat with rice.

"اشتريت لحمة خروف طازجة."

— I bought fresh lamb meat.

Using the word لحمة correctly involves understanding its role as a countable noun in some contexts and a generic noun in others. In Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), if you are talking about the substance of meat in a scientific or general sense, you use لحم. However, in daily life, لحمة is your go-to word for ordering food or describing a meal.

1. At the Butcher (عند الجزار)

When you go to a butcher shop, you specify the type of meat using 'Lahma' followed by the animal source or the cut. For example: لحمة بقر (Beef) or لحمة غنم (Lamb). You also use it to describe the state of the meat: لحمة مفرومة (Minced meat) or لحمة شقف (Meat chunks).

2. In Recipes and Cooking

Recipes will often list 'Lahma' as the primary ingredient. You will see phrases like نقطع اللحمة إلى مكعبات (We cut the meat into cubes). It is also used to describe the quality: لحمة طرية (Tender meat) vs لحمة قاسية (Tough meat).

3. Social and Idiomatic Usage

The word is used metaphorically to describe physical closeness or unity. The phrase لحمة وطنية (National unity/cohesion) uses the root's meaning of 'joining' or 'fusing' to describe a tight-knit society. In this context, it is not about food, but about the 'fabric' or 'substance' of the nation.

4. Ordering at a Restaurant

When ordering, you might ask: هل هذه اللحمة حلال؟ (Is this meat Halal?). Or you might specify your preference for doneness: أريد اللحمة مطبوخة جيداً (I want the meat well-done).

You will encounter the word لحمة in a variety of environments, ranging from the most mundane to the deeply cultural. Here are the primary locations and contexts:

  • The Marketplace (Souq): This is the most common place. You'll hear vendors shouting about the quality of their لحمة طازجة (fresh meat).
  • Home Kitchens: In every Arab household, the question ماذا سنطبخ؟ لحمة أم دجاج؟ (What shall we cook? Meat or chicken?) is a daily staple.
  • Religious Festivals: During Eid al-Adha (The Festival of Sacrifice), the word is everywhere. It refers to the meat of the sacrificed animal that is distributed to the poor and shared with family.
  • News and Politics: You might hear the term اللحمة الاجتماعية (social cohesion) in speeches about national unity. This abstract use is common in formal MSA.
  • TV Cooking Shows: Chefs like Manal Al-Alem or others on Fatafeat will constantly use لحمة when explaining how to prepare traditional dishes like Kibbeh or Mansaf.

In songs and poetry, though less common than words for love or heart, 'meat' (usually as 'flesh') can appear in metaphors about the human condition or the physical body, though usually in a more classical form.

Even for intermediate learners, there are nuances to لحمة that can lead to errors. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:

1. Confusing 'Lahm' and 'Lahma'

While often interchangeable in dialects, in formal MSA, لحم is the mass noun. Saying أكلت لحمة is fine in a restaurant, but in a biology paper, you would use لحم. Avoid using لحمة when you mean 'flesh' in a general biological sense unless referring to a specific piece.

2. Misgendering the Noun

لحمة is feminine because of the ta marbuta. Therefore, all adjectives must agree: لحمة مشوية (Grilled meat - feminine) not لحمة مشوي. This is a common mistake for beginners who forget the suffix changes the gender of the base root لحم (which is masculine).

3. Over-generalizing for Poultry

In English, 'meat' can sometimes include chicken. In Arabic, لحمة almost exclusively refers to red meat (beef, lamb, goat). If you want chicken, say دجاج (Dajaj). If you ask for لحمة and get chicken, the waiter has likely misunderstood you or is using a very broad dialectal term.

4. Pronunciation of the 'H'

The letter ح (Ha) is a deep pharyngeal sound. Pronouncing it like a soft English 'h' (like in 'house') can make the word sound like Lama or Lah-ma with a breathy sound, which might be misunderstood. It requires the characteristic 'friction' in the throat.

To enrich your vocabulary, it's helpful to look at words related to لحمة either by meaning or by root:

  • لحم (Lahm): The collective/mass noun for meat. Use this for 'meat' in general.
  • شحم (Shahm): This refers specifically to 'fat' or 'lard'. You might ask the butcher for لحمة بدون شحم (meat without fat).
  • هبرة (Habra): A specific term for lean meat without bones or fat. It's the 'prime cut'.
  • ذبيحة (Dhabiha): Refers to the slaughtered animal itself, often used when buying a whole sheep for an event.
  • بروتين (Protein): The modern loanword used in nutritional contexts.
  • جسد (Jasad): Meaning 'body'. While لحمة is the physical flesh, jasad is the whole physical form.
  • التحام (Iltiham): Coming from the same root (L-H-M), this means 'fusion' or 'healing/joining' (like a wound closing or metal being welded).

Understanding these distinctions helps you move from basic communication to nuanced expression, especially in culinary and medical contexts.

How Formal Is It?

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知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

1

أنا أحب اللحمة.

I love meat.

Subject + Verb + Object.

2

هل تريد لحمة؟

Do you want meat?

Question format.

3

هذه لحمة دجاج.

This is chicken meat.

Demonstrative pronoun + Noun.

4

اللحمة لذيذة.

The meat is delicious.

Noun + Adjective agreement.

5

أريد كيلو لحمة.

I want a kilo of meat.

Quantity + Noun.

6

لا آكل اللحمة.

I don't eat meat.

Negative particle 'la'.

7

اللحمة في الثلاجة.

The meat is in the fridge.

Prepositional phrase.

8

أين اللحمة؟

Where is the meat?

Interrogative 'Ayna'.

1

اشتريت لحمة غنم طازجة اليوم.

I bought fresh lamb meat today.

Past tense verb + Adjective.

2

أمي تطبخ اللحمة مع الأرز.

My mother is cooking the meat with rice.

Present continuous context.

3

هل تفضل اللحمة المشوية أم المقلية؟

Do you prefer grilled or fried meat?

Comparison using 'am'.

4

هذه اللحمة قاسية جداً، لا أستطيع أكلها.

This meat is very tough, I can't eat it.

Adjective 'qasiya'.

5

يجب أن نغسل اللحمة قبل الطبخ.

We must wash the meat before cooking.

Modal verb 'yajib'.

6

سعر اللحمة مرتفع في هذا السوق.

The price of meat is high in this market.

Idafa construction (Price of meat).

7

اللحمة المفرومة جيدة لعمل الكفتة.

Minced meat is good for making Kofta.

Passive participle 'mafruma'.

8

قطّع اللحمة إلى قطع صغيرة.

Cut the meat into small pieces.

Imperative verb.

1

تعتبر اللحمة مصدراً مهماً للبروتين.

Meat is considered an important source of protein.

Passive verb 'tu'tabar'.

2

في العيد، نوزع اللحمة على الفقراء والمحتاجين.

During Eid, we distribute meat to the poor and needy.

Present tense + Prepositional objects.

3

لا تترك اللحمة خارج الثلاجة لفترة طويلة.

Don't leave the meat outside the fridge for a long time.

Prohibitive 'la'.

4

أبحث عن وصفة جديدة لطبخ لحمة الرأس.

I am looking for a new recipe to cook head meat.

Verb 'abhatu 'an'.

5

كانت اللحمة مطبوخة ببطء حتى أصبحت طرية.

The meat was slow-cooked until it became tender.

Past continuous + Result clause.

6

يفضل بعض الناس اللحمة بدون دهون.

Some people prefer meat without fat.

Preposition 'bidun'.

7

اللحمة الوطنية هي أساس استقرار البلاد.

National cohesion is the basis of the country's stability.

Metaphorical use.

8

رائحة اللحمة المشوية تملأ المكان.

The smell of grilled meat fills the place.

Noun + Noun + Verb.

1

تؤثر أسعار اللحمة العالمية على السوق المحلي.

Global meat prices affect the local market.

Complex subject-verb agreement.

2

هناك جدل حول الفوائد الصحية لتناول اللحمة الحمراء.

There is a debate about the health benefits of eating red meat.

Existential 'hunaka'.

3

تمتاز هذه المنطقة بجودة اللحمة التي تنتجها مزارعها.

This region is characterized by the quality of meat produced by its farms.

Verb 'tamtazu bi-'.

4

يجب التأكد من أن اللحمة نضجت تماماً لتجنب التسمم.

One must ensure the meat is fully cooked to avoid poisoning.

Infinitive 'at-ta'akkud'.

5

تستخدم اللحمة في العديد من الأطباق التقليدية العريقة.

Meat is used in many ancient traditional dishes.

Passive voice 'tustakhdam'.

6

يعاني البعض من حساسية تجاه بعض أنواع اللحمة.

Some people suffer from allergies to certain types of meat.

Verb 'yu'ani min'.

7

تتطلب هذه الطبخة لحمة من نوع خاص.

This dish requires a specific type of meat.

Verb 'tatatallab'.

8

تعتبر اللحمة جزءاً لا يتجزأ من المائدة العربية.

Meat is considered an integral part of the Arabic table.

Idiomatic 'juz'an la yutajazza'.

1

إن تعزيز اللحمة الاجتماعية يتطلب جهوداً مشتركة من الجميع.

Strengthening social cohesion requires joint efforts from everyone.

Emphasis with 'Inna'.

2

تطرق الكاتب إلى مفهوم 'اللحمة' في روايته كرمز للقرابة.

The writer touched upon the concept of 'Lahma' in his novel as a symbol of kinship.

Literary analysis context.

3

تختلف جودة اللحمة باختلاف طرق تربية الماشية.

The quality of meat varies with the different methods of livestock farming.

Conditional variation structure.

4

أصبح استهلاك اللحمة موضوعاً سياسياً وبيئياً بامتياز.

Meat consumption has become a political and environmental issue par excellence.

Verb 'asbaha' + complex predicates.

5

لا يمكننا إغفال دور اللحمة في تشكيل الهوية الثقافية للشعوب.

We cannot overlook the role of meat in shaping the cultural identity of peoples.

Negative modal 'la yumkinuna'.

6

يتم فحص اللحمة بدقة من قبل السلطات الصحية لضمان السلامة.

The meat is strictly inspected by health authorities to ensure safety.

Passive construction with 'yattim'.

7

إن اللحمة بين أفراد الأسرة هي ما يحميهم من التفكك.

The bond between family members is what protects them from disintegration.

Metaphorical abstract noun.

8

تتداخل اللحمة مع الشحم في هذا النوع من اللحوم الرخامية.

Meat intermingles with fat in this type of marbled meat.

Technical culinary description.

1

يستعرض البحث التطور التاريخي لمصطلح 'اللحمة' في المعاجم العربية.

The research reviews the historical development of the term 'Lahma' in Arabic lexicons.

Academic research register.

2

تتجلى اللحمة الإنسانية في أبهى صورها خلال الأزمات والكوارث.

Human cohesion manifests in its finest forms during crises and disasters.

High-level literary expression.

3

إن فلسفة 'اللحمة والدم' تضرب بجذورها في أعماق الوعي الجمعي.

The philosophy of 'flesh and blood' is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness.

Philosophical register.

4

تعد اللحمة اللغوية بين المفردات أساساً لبناء نص متماسك.

Linguistic cohesion between vocabularies is the basis for building a coherent text.

Metaphor in linguistics.

5

ناقش الفلاسفة طبيعة العلاقة بين الروح واللحمة الجسدية.

Philosophers discussed the nature of the relationship between the soul and the physical flesh.

Metaphysical context.

6

تتطلب صياغة القوانين نوعاً من اللحمة التشريعية لتجنب التناقض.

Drafting laws requires a type of legislative cohesion to avoid contradiction.

Legal/Administrative register.

7

إن مفهوم اللحمة يتجاوز المعنى المادي ليشمل الروابط الروحية العميقة.

The concept of cohesion transcends the material meaning to include deep spiritual bonds.

Transcendental logic.

8

تعتبر هذه القصيدة مثالاً على اللحمة الفنية بين الشكل والمضمون.

This poem is considered an example of the artistic fusion between form and content.

Aesthetic criticism.

よく使う組み合わせ

لحمة مفرومة
لحمة مشوية
لحمة طازجة
لحمة بقر
لحمة غنم
لحمة طرية
كيلو لحمة
قطعة لحمة
مرق لحمة
لحمة وطنية

よく使うフレーズ

لحمة ودام

لحمة الراس

ياكل لحمة

يقطع اللحمة

يتبل اللحمة

شوربة لحمة

فتة لحمة

صينية لحمة

سندوتش لحمة

ريحة لحمة

よく混同される語

لحمة vs لحم

لحمة vs فحم

لحمة vs لجمة

慣用句と表現

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間違えやすい

لحمة vs

لحمة vs

لحمة vs

لحمة vs

لحمة vs

文型パターン

使い方

specific cuts

The word can be followed by 'steak', 'shaf', or 'mafruma'.

dialect variation

In Lebanon/Syria, it's often 'Lahme'. In Egypt, 'Lahma'.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'Lahm' when a specific piece 'Lahma' is intended in dialect.
  • Forgetting the feminine 'ta marbuta' in adjective agreement.
  • Using 'Lahma' to refer to chicken or fish in a restaurant.
  • Pronouncing the 'ح' as a simple English 'h'.
  • Confusing 'Lahma' (meat) with 'Rahma' (mercy) due to the similar sound.

ヒント

Adjective Agreement

Always remember that Lahma is feminine. If you describe it as 'fresh', use 'tazaja' not 'tazaj'. This is a very common mistake for English speakers. Practice saying 'Lahma tazaja' ten times.

Hospitality

If you are invited to an Arabic home, expect meat. Even if you are full, try a small piece. It is a gesture of accepting their hospitality. Meat is often the most expensive part of the meal.

Types of Meat

Learn the animal names to go with Lahma. 'Baqar' for beef, 'Ghanam' for lamb, and 'Ma'iz' for goat. This will make you much more confident at the butcher shop. You can just say 'Lahma baqar' for beef.

The Pharyngeal H

The 'H' in Lahma is not like the 'h' in 'hello'. It's a 'ح'. Imagine you are breathing on a mirror to fog it up. That friction in the throat is what you need for a perfect pronunciation.

Common Dishes

Look for dishes starting with the word Lahma. 'Lahma bi-ajeen' is a delicious meat pizza-like dish. Knowing the word helps you identify the main ingredient in many menu items. It's the key to the menu.

The Final Vowel

In many dialects, the 'a' at the end of Lahma is pronounced very softly or like an 'e'. In Lebanon, it sounds like 'Lahme'. Don't be confused; it's the same word. Listen to the local accent.

Ordering by Weight

In the Middle East, meat is usually sold by the kilo. Learn 'Kilo', 'Nusf kilo' (half), and 'Rub' kilo' (quarter). This is the most practical way to use the word in a market. It avoids confusion.

Vegetarianism

If you don't eat meat, say 'Ana nabati' (I am vegetarian). Then you can say 'Ma bakul lahma' (I don't eat meat). This is very clear and will help you avoid awkward situations at dinner.

Abstract Use

When you hear 'Lahma' in the news, think 'unity'. It's a jump from 'flesh' to 'the thing that holds us together'. This will help you understand political speeches much better. It's a common high-level metaphor.

Root Connection

The root L-H-M is also in 'Lahim' (welding). Think of meat as the 'weld' of the body. This connection between 'flesh' and 'joining' is the secret to understanding the word's deeper meanings.

暗記しよう

語源

Semitic

文化的な背景

Halal slaughtering (Dhabihah) is essential for 'Lahma' to be edible for Muslims.

Eid al-Adha is the 'Festival of Meat'.

Meat is mandatory for a 'honorable' feast.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"ما هي طبختك المفضلة التي تحتوي على اللحمة؟"

"هل تفضل اللحمة أم الدجاج في المنسف؟"

"أين أجد أفضل محل لبيع اللحمة في هذه المدينة؟"

"كيف تحب أن تطبخ اللحمة؟"

"هل اللحمة غالية في بلدك؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن وجبة لحمة لذيذة تناولتها مؤخراً.

هل تعتقد أن تناول اللحمة ضروري للصحة؟ ولماذا؟

صف مشاعرك تجاه تقاليد توزيع اللحمة في العيد.

تخيل أنك جزار، صف يومك في العمل.

اكتب رسالة لصديق تدعوه فيها لتناول اللحمة المشوية.

よくある質問

10 問

Lahm is the general word for meat as a substance. Lahma is a single piece of meat or the common dialectal way to say meat. In MSA, Lahma is the singulative form. It is like the difference between 'meat' and 'a piece of meat'.

Lahma is a feminine noun. You can tell by the 'ta marbuta' at the end. This means you must use feminine adjectives with it. For example, you say 'Lahma tayyiba' (good meat).

Generally, no. In Arabic, Lahma refers to red meat like beef or lamb. Chicken is called 'Dajaj'. If you want to be very specific, you could say 'Lahm al-dajaj', but just 'Lahma' usually implies red meat.

You say 'Lahma mafruma'. 'Mafruma' comes from the verb 'farama' which means to mince or chop finely. This is a very common ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking.

It means 'national cohesion' or 'national unity'. It uses the root's meaning of 'joining' to describe how people in a country are bound together like flesh. It is a common political term.

It varies by country, but generally, red meat is a premium item. Prices are often a topic of public discussion and government subsidy. It is considered a staple but a costly one.

The most common plural is 'Luhum' (لحوم). You might also hear 'Lahmat' for specific pieces, but 'Luhum' is the standard plural for types of meat. It is a broken plural.

It means 'flesh and blood'. It is used to describe family relations or to emphasize that someone is human and has feelings or vulnerabilities. It is a very common idiom.

No, fish is 'Samak'. While technically fish has flesh, in a culinary context, 'Lahma' and 'Samak' are distinct categories. You would never order 'Lahma' and expect fish.

This is a fascinating linguistic evolution. In ancient Semitic languages, the root referred to 'basic food' or 'sustenance'. In nomadic Arabic culture, meat was the primary sustenance, while in settled Hebrew culture, bread became the primary food.

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