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B2 noun #4,500 よく出る 10分で読める

ترميم

tarmim 上位4,500

練習する例文メモとヒント ترميم 30秒で

解説 ترميم in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex technical meanings of ترميم (tarmīm). Just think of it as a fancy word for 'fixing' something very old. Imagine you have a very old toy from your grandfather, and it is broken. If a specialist fixes it so it looks like it did 50 years ago, that is tarmīm. You might see this word in pictures of old buildings or museums. At this level, just remember that tarmīm is for 'fixing old things.' You won't use it in daily conversation as much as the word taslīḥ (fixing), but it's good to recognize it when you see it on signs. For example, 'tarmīm al-bayt' means fixing the house. It's a noun, so you use it like 'the fixing' or 'the restoration.' Keep it simple and associate it with history and old objects.

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For A2 learners, ترميم (tarmīm) is a useful word to describe home improvements or fixing things that are worn out. While iṣlāḥ is for fixing a broken chair, tarmīm is used when you are giving a room a 'makeover' or repairing an old wall. You will start to see it in simple news stories about cities or tourism. You can use it in sentences like 'We need to restore the old room.' It's important to notice that it comes from the root R-M-M, which means something is old or decaying. So, you only use tarmīm when the thing you are fixing is quite old. If you fix a brand new phone, don't use this word. If you fix an old wooden door in a village, tarmīm is perfect. Practice using it with the word 'bayt' (house) or 'ghurfa' (room).

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At the B1 level, you should understand ترميم as 'restoration' in a professional and cultural sense. This is the level where you start talking about history, art, and community projects. You will hear this word in documentaries about the pyramids or old mosques. You should be able to distinguish it from iṣlāḥ (general repair) and tajdīd (renovation/making new). Tarmīm specifically implies that you are trying to keep the original character of the object. For example, 'The museum is closed for restoration' is a classic B1 sentence. You can also start using it metaphorically, like 'restoring a friendship' (tarmīm al-ṣadāqa). This shows you understand that relationships, like old buildings, can wear out and need careful work to be made whole again. Focus on using it in Idafa constructions: 'tarmīm + noun'.

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As a B2 learner, you are expected to use ترميم (tarmīm) with precision in technical and abstract contexts. You should know that it is a Masdar of the Form II verb rammama. You should use it when discussing cultural heritage, archaeology, and sophisticated maintenance. At this level, you should be able to discuss the 'restoration of manuscripts' (tarmīm al-makhṭūṭāt) or 'restoring the economy' (tarmīm al-iqtiṣād). You should also recognize the related word murammim (a restorer) as a professional title. In your writing, you can use it to add a formal tone. Instead of saying 'fixing the city,' say 'the restoration of the historical districts.' You should also be aware of the difference between tarmīm and i'ādat ta'hīl (rehabilitation). This nuance is key for B2 proficiency in formal Arabic.

At C1, ترميم (tarmīm) becomes a tool for nuanced academic and literary expression. You should be comfortable using it in complex sentence structures, such as passive constructions (khuḍū' lil-tarmīm) or as part of sophisticated metaphors. A C1 student might write about 'restoring the social fabric' (tarmīm al-nasīj al-ijtimā'ī) after a conflict, or the 'restoration of the soul' in a philosophical essay. You should understand the historical and etymological weight of the root R-M-M and how it appears in classical literature and religious texts to denote decay and subsequent revival. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the ethics of restoration—whether to keep the scars of time or to make the object look untouched. This level of discourse requires using tarmīm as part of a broader vocabulary of preservation, conservation, and heritage management.

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For C2 mastery, ترميم (tarmīm) is used to navigate the most subtle distinctions in art history, philosophy, and high-level diplomacy. You might engage in debates about 'critical restoration' (al-tarmīm al-naqdī) or the 'restoration of justice' in post-war societies. At this level, the word is not just about fixing things; it's about the ontological status of the restored object. Is a restored mosque the same mosque? You would use tarmīm in discussions about the authenticity of historical narratives. You should be able to use the word in all its forms—verb, noun, active participle, passive participle—and in diverse registers, from legal documents specifying restoration standards to poetic verses where tarmīm serves as a metaphor for the cyclical nature of life and death. Your command of the word should be indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker who specializes in the humanities or conservation.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

ترميم 30秒で

Tarmīm means restoration or renovation, specifically for historical or artistic items.
It comes from the root R-M-M, which implies fixing something decayed or very old.
It is a formal word used in archaeology, architecture, and metaphorical contexts.
It differs from 'iṣlāḥ' (repair) by its focus on preservation and heritage.

The Arabic word ترميم (tarmīm) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'restoration' or 'renovation.' While in English we might use 'repair' for a broken chair and 'restoration' for a 17th-century painting, Arabic distinguishes ترميم as a process involving care, preservation, and returning something to its former glory. It is derived from the root R-M-M, which relates to things that have become old, decayed, or worn out. When you use this word, you are usually talking about historical buildings, works of art, or even metaphorical concepts like 'restoring' a relationship or a reputation. It implies a high level of skill and attention to detail, often performed by experts like archaeologists or master craftsmen.

Technical Application: In the world of architecture, ترميم refers to the structural and aesthetic overhaul of heritage sites. It is not just about making it look new; it is about using materials and techniques that respect the original era.

تخضع القلعة القديمة لعملية ترميم شاملة للحفاظ على تاريخها.

Translation: The old castle is undergoing a comprehensive restoration process to preserve its history.

Culturally, the word carries a weight of respect for the past. In many Arab cities like Cairo, Damascus, or Marrakesh, ترميم is a constant topic in the news as governments struggle to maintain ancient souks and mosques. It is also used in the context of 'mending' or 'patching up.' If a relationship is fractured, one might speak of the 'restoration of ties' (ترميم العلاقات). This suggests that the bond was old or damaged, but worth the effort to fix. Unlike تصليح (taslīḥ), which is mundane repair like fixing a car, ترميم feels more artistic and vital for identity.

Artistic Context: In museums, a 'restorer' is called مُرمِّم (murammim). They perform ترميم اللوحات (painting restoration) using specialized chemicals and tools.

يتطلب ترميم المخطوطات النادرة دقة وصبرًا كبيرين.

Furthermore, the term appears in medical and biological contexts occasionally, such as 'tissue restoration' or 'bone repair,' though التئام (healing) is more common for wounds. In the economic sense, it can refer to 'restoring' a financial system or a market after a crash. The versatility of the word lies in its core concept: taking something that is falling apart (رَميم) and bringing it back to life. It is a word of hope and preservation, emphasizing that the old still has value and can be made whole again through diligent work.

بدأت الحكومة مشروع ترميم الأحياء القديمة في المدينة.

Metaphorical Use: Often used in literature to describe the 'mending' of a broken heart or a fractured soul after a period of grief.

القراءة هي وسيلة لـ ترميم الروح المتعبة.

Using ترميم correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a Masdar (verbal noun). It functions like any other noun in Arabic, often appearing as the subject, object, or part of an Idafa (possessive) construction. Because it is a process, it is frequently paired with verbs like قام بـ (to perform/undertake) or بدأ (to start). When describing the object being restored, we use the Idafa structure: ترميم البيت (restoration of the house).

The Idafa Construction: This is the most common way to use the word. You put 'tarmīm' first, followed by the thing being restored. Examples: ترميم الآثار (restoration of antiquities), ترميم اللوحات (restoration of paintings).

أعلنت الوزارة عن خطة لـ ترميم الجسور القديمة.

Translation: The ministry announced a plan for the restoration of old bridges.

In a sentence, you might describe the quality of the restoration using adjectives. Common adjectives include شامل (comprehensive), دقيق (precise/meticulous), or فني (artistic). Note that the adjective must match ترميم in gender (masculine) and case. For example, ترميمٌ دقيقٌ (a precise restoration). If you are talking about the person doing the work, you use the active participle مُرمِّم (restorer). This is a professional title, much like 'engineer' or 'doctor' in the context of heritage management.

Verb vs Noun Usage: Verb: رمّم العمالُ السقفَ (The workers restored the roof). Noun: كان ترميمُ السقفِ مكلفاً (The restoration of the roof was expensive).

استغرق ترميم اللوحة ثلاث سنوات من العمل المتواصل.

You can also use ترميم in passive-like contexts using the construction خضع لـ (underwent). This is very common in news reports. 'The museum underwent restoration' becomes خضع المتحف للترميم. This structure is elegant and widely used in formal Arabic. In business contexts, you might hear about ترميم الميزانية (restoring/fixing the budget) or ترميم الثقة (restoring confidence). These metaphorical uses follow the same grammatical rules as the physical ones, treating 'confidence' or 'budget' as the object of the restoration process.

نحتاج إلى ترميم الثقة بين الطرفين قبل المفاوضات.

Prepositions: The noun 'tarmīm' doesn't usually require a specific preposition after it when used in an Idafa, but the verb 'rammama' is transitive (takes a direct object).

تم تخصيص ميزانية ضخمة لـ ترميم الواجهات التاريخية.

If you are walking through the historic districts of Cairo, Amman, or Baghdad, you will see ترميم written on large green construction fences surrounding ancient mosques or churches. It is a staple of the 'Urban Renewal' and 'Heritage Preservation' vocabulary. In news broadcasts, especially on channels like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will hear it in segments discussing archaeology, such as the discovery of a tomb that needs ترميم or the reopening of a museum after years of ترميم. It is a word that signals cultural pride and the preservation of national identity.

In the Media: News headlines often use phrases like بدء أعمال الترميم (start of restoration works) to announce government projects or international aid for historical sites.

نشرت الصحيفة تقريراً عن ترميم الجامع الأموي.

Translation: The newspaper published a report on the restoration of the Umayyad Mosque.

In academic and professional circles, such as architecture firms or fine arts colleges, ترميم is a technical field of study. You might hear students talking about their 'Restoration' major (تخصص الترميم). In documentaries about history or art history, the narrator will frequently use this word to describe how experts saved a crumbling artifact. It is also heard in legal and administrative contexts when discussing the maintenance of public property or the requirements for owners of historical homes to perform ترميم according to specific standards.

Daily Life vs. Professional Life: In daily life, people might say they are 'restoring' an old family house. In professional life, it refers to the scientific process of conservation.

هل انتهت أعمال ترميم المتحف المصري الكبير؟

In a more poetic sense, you might hear this word in songs or literature. A poet might talk about ترميم القلب (restoring the heart) after a betrayal, or ترميم الذكريات (restoring memories). Here, the word takes on a healing, almost spiritual quality. It suggests that even the most broken parts of the human experience can be mended with time and care. This metaphorical usage is very popular in modern Arabic self-help books and motivational speeches, where 'restoring the self' is a common theme. Thus, you will hear it from the mouth of an archaeologist in a dusty tomb and from a therapist in a quiet office.

يسعى المشروع إلى ترميم النسيج الاجتماعي في المناطق المتضررة.

Economic Reports: Economists use ترميم الاقتصاد to describe recovery measures after a recession or crisis.

إن ترميم العملة الوطنية يتطلب إصلاحات جذرية.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using ترميم for every kind of 'fixing.' Arabic has several words for repair, and they are not always interchangeable. For instance, if your phone screen is cracked, you would use تصليح (taslīḥ) or إصلاح (iṣlāḥ). Using ترميم for a phone sounds like you are treating the phone as a 500-year-old artifact. ترميم implies antiquity, artistic value, or a comprehensive overhaul of something that has decayed over a long period. Avoid using it for simple mechanical repairs or quick fixes.

Mistake: Over-generalization: Incorrect: أحتاج إلى ترميم سيارتي (I need to 'restore' my car - unless it's a classic). Correct: أحتاج إلى إصلاح سيارتي (I need to fix my car).

لا تستخدم ترميم للأعطال التقنية البسيطة.

Translation: Do not use 'tarmīm' for simple technical malfunctions.

Another common error is confusing ترميم with تجديد (tajdīd - renewal/renovation). While they are close, تجديد is often about making something look modern or new. If you repaint your modern apartment and buy new furniture, that is تجديد. If you carefully strip away old layers of paint to reveal the original 19th-century woodwork in an old mansion, that is ترميم. ترميم looks backward to preserve the past; تجديد looks forward to update for the present. Using the wrong one can change the perceived intent of the project.

Mistake: Confusion with 'Binaa': Incorrect: ترميم البيت الجديد (Restoring the new house). You cannot restore something that isn't old or damaged. You 'build' (بناء) a new house.

الفرق بين الترميم والتجديد يكمن في الهدف من العمل.

Grammatically, learners sometimes forget that ترميم is a masculine noun. When modifying it with an adjective, ensure the adjective is masculine as well. For example, don't say ترميم جيدة; say ترميم جيد. Also, be careful with the root. While R-M-M is the root, don't confuse ترميم with رمّ (to mend - the verb root) or رمّة (a decayed bone/remains). Each has a specific context. Lastly, ensure you don't confuse it with صيانة (ṣiyāna - maintenance). Maintenance is preventive; restoration is corrective after damage has occurred.

الترميم ليس مجرد صيانة دورية، بل هو إنقاذ للتراث.

Mistake: Misspelling: Learners sometimes write 'tarmīm' with a 'Seen' instead of 'Meem' at the end or confuse the 'Ta' at the beginning. It is always 'Ta-Ra-Meem-Ya-Meem'.

تأكد من كتابة كلمة ترميم بشكل صحيح في التقارير.

To truly master ترميم, you must see how it fits into the broader family of Arabic words for 'fixing' and 'improving.' The most common alternative is إصلاح (iṣlāḥ). While إصلاح is a general term for 'repair' or 'reform' (like political reform), ترميم is specifically about physical or metaphorical restoration. Another close word is تجديد (tajdīd), which means 'renewal' or 'renovation.' Use تجديد when the goal is to modernize or refresh, whereas ترميم is used when the goal is to preserve the original state.

Comparison: Tarmīm vs. Iṣlāḥ: Tarmīm: Artistic restoration of old things (e.g., a mosaic).
Iṣlāḥ: Functional repair of broken things (e.g., a computer) or reform of systems (e.g., education).

نحن بحاجة إلى إصلاح النظام التعليمي وليس فقط ترميم المباني.

Translation: We need to reform the education system, not just restore the buildings.

Another technical term is صيانة (ṣiyāna), meaning 'maintenance.' This is preventive. You perform صيانة every six months to prevent damage. You perform ترميم once every fifty years because damage has already occurred. In the context of urban planning, you might encounter إعادة تأهيل (rehabilitation), which means making a space usable again, perhaps for a different purpose than its original one. For example, turning an old factory into a library is إعادة تأهيل, but restoring it to be a factory museum is ترميم.

Comparison: Tarmīm vs. Tajdīd: Tarmīm: Historical accuracy is key.
Tajdīd: Aesthetic appeal and modernity are key.

تم تجديد الفندق بالكامل العام الماضي ليصبح عصرياً.

In literary contexts, you might find رتق (ratq), which means 'mending' or 'sewing up.' This is very specific to fabrics or metaphorical 'gaps.' While ترميم is broad, رتق is intimate and small-scale. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right level of formality and the right object. For a CEFR B2 learner, being able to distinguish between إصلاح, تجديد, and ترميم is a sign of advanced linguistic awareness and cultural sensitivity.

يحاول الكاتب رتق الصدوع في روايته الجديدة.

Academic Term: Conservation: The term حفاظ (ḥifāẓ) is often used alongside ترميم to mean 'preservation and restoration.'

تعتبر عملية الترميم جزءاً أساسياً من الحفاظ على الهوية.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root word 'ramīm' is famously used in the Quran (Surah Ya-Sin) in a question about who can give life to bones when they are 'ramīm' (decayed dust). The act of 'tarmīm' is thus linguistically a 'bringing back from the state of dust.'

発音ガイド

UK /tarˈmiːm/

US /tɑːrˈmim/

The stress is on the second syllable: tar-MĪM.

韻が合う語

تسميم (tasmīm - poisoning) تصميم (taṣmīm - design) تعميم (ta'mīm - generalization) تكريم (takrīm - honoring) تقسيم (taqsīm - division) تقديم (taqdīm - presentation) تعليم (ta'līm - teaching) تنظيم (tanẓīm - organization)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' instead of a rolled Arabic 'r'.
Shortening the long 'ī' (ee) sound in the second syllable.
Confusing the initial 't' with a heavy 'ṭ' (Ta).
Merging the two 'm' sounds without the long vowel between them.
Dropping the final 'm' sound.

難易度

読解 4/5

Easy to recognize in texts about history or news.

ライティング 6/5

Requires knowledge of Idafa and correct spelling of the root.

スピーキング 5/5

Rolling the 'r' and the long 'ī' need practice.

リスニング 4/5

Distinctive sound, often heard in cultural programs.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

قديم (old) بناء (building) إصلاح (repair) بيت (house) فن (art)

次に学ぶ

تراث (heritage) مخطوطة (manuscript) محافظة (preservation) تنقيب (excavation) أصالة (authenticity)

上級

استعادة (recovery) صيانة وقائية (preventive maintenance) إعادة إعمار (reconstruction) تأصيل (grounding/authentication) رتق الفتوق (mending the rifts)

知っておくべき文法

The Masdar (Verbal Noun) Pattern 'Taf'īl'

رَمَّمَ (Verb) -> تَرْمِيم (Masdar)

Idafa Construction (Possessive)

ترميمُ البيتِ (The restoration of the house)

Adjective Agreement

ترميمٌ دقيقٌ (A precise restoration - both masculine)

Active Participle Formation

مُرَمِّم (Restorer) from the verb rammama

Passive Participle Formation

مُرَمَّم (Restored) - note the 'a' sound on the second 'm'

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レベル別の例文

هذا البيت قديم، يحتاج إلى ترميم.

This house is old, it needs restoration.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

أنا أحب ترميم الأشياء القديمة.

I love restoring old things.

Tarmīm is the object of the verb 'love'.

ترميم الغرفة جميل.

The restoration of the room is beautiful.

Idafa construction: restoration [of] the room.

العمال يقومون بترميم السور.

The workers are restoring the wall.

Use of 'bi-' preposition with the noun.

هل هذا ترميم جديد؟

Is this a new restoration?

Adjective 'jadīd' matches 'tarmīm'.

ترميم المدرسة مهم.

Restoring the school is important.

Tarmīm as the subject.

رأيت ترميم المسجد.

I saw the restoration of the mosque.

Direct object of 'saw'.

بدأ ترميم المتحف اليوم.

The restoration of the museum started today.

Verb 'started' followed by the subject 'tarmīm'.

ساعدتُ والدي في ترميم الكرسي القديم.

I helped my father in restoring the old chair.

Preposition 'fī' (in) before the noun.

تكلفة ترميم البيت عالية جداً.

The cost of restoring the house is very high.

Complex Idafa: Cost [of] restoration [of] the house.

يجب علينا ترميم هذه اللوحة الزيتية.

We must restore this oil painting.

Tarmīm as the subject of the 'must' clause.

عملية الترميم تستغرق وقتاً طويلاً.

The restoration process takes a long time.

Definite noun 'al-tarmīm'.

هل انتهى ترميم المطبخ؟

Is the kitchen restoration finished?

Interrogative sentence.

المدينة مشهورة بترميم الآثار.

The city is famous for restoring antiquities.

Preposition 'bi-' indicates the reason for fame.

نريد ترميم الحديقة التاريخية.

We want to restore the historical garden.

Direct object of 'want'.

شاهدتُ فيلماً عن ترميم السفن القديمة.

I watched a movie about restoring old ships.

Preposition 'an' (about) before the noun.

تعمل المنظمة على ترميم المدارس المتضررة من الحرب.

The organization is working on restoring schools damaged by the war.

Preposition 'alā' (on) often follows 'work'.

يعد ترميم المخطوطات العربية علماً دقيقاً.

The restoration of Arabic manuscripts is considered a precise science.

Passive verb 'yu'ad' (is considered).

نجح الخبراء في ترميم التمثال المكسور.

The experts succeeded in restoring the broken statue.

Verb 'najaḥa' (succeeded) + 'fī' (in).

هناك مشروع وطني لترميم القلاع التاريخية.

There is a national project to restore historical castles.

Lām of purpose (li-) attached to 'tarmīm'.

يهدف هذا العمل إلى ترميم العلاقات بين الجيران.

This work aims to restore relations between neighbors.

Metaphorical use of 'tarmīm'.

بدأت البلدية بترميم الواجهات في وسط المدينة.

The municipality began restoring the facades in the city center.

Idafa: facades [of] the city center.

يتطلب ترميم الكتب القديمة مهارات خاصة.

Restoring old books requires special skills.

Subject of the verb 'yataṭallab' (requires).

خضعت اللوحة لعملية ترميم شاملة في باريس.

The painting underwent a comprehensive restoration process in Paris.

Structure 'khuḍū' li-' (undergoing).

تساهم التكنولوجيا الحديثة في تحسين جودة ترميم الآثار.

Modern technology contributes to improving the quality of antiquity restoration.

Complex sentence with multiple nouns.

أقرت الحكومة ميزانية خاصة لترميم الأحياء الفقيرة.

The government approved a special budget for restoring poor neighborhoods.

Formal verb 'aqarrat' (approved).

يعتبر المُرَمِّمُ فناناً وعالماً في آن واحد.

The restorer is considered an artist and a scientist at the same time.

Active participle 'murammim'.

يجب مراعاة المواد الأصلية عند القيام بأي عملية ترميم.

Original materials must be taken into account when performing any restoration process.

Passive structure 'yajib murā'āt'.

تسعى الجمعية إلى ترميم الذاكرة الجماعية من خلال الأرشفة.

The association seeks to restore the collective memory through archiving.

Abstract usage: collective memory.

تعتبر دمشق مركزاً عالمياً لترميم الفسيفساء.

Damascus is considered a global center for mosaic restoration.

Idafa: restoration [of] mosaics.

أدى الإهمال إلى الحاجة لترميم جذري للمبنى.

Neglect led to the need for a radical restoration of the building.

Adjective 'jadrī' (radical) modifies 'tarmīm'.

يتم استخدام الليزر حالياً في ترميم التماثيل الرخامية.

Lasers are currently being used in the restoration of marble statues.

Passive 'yutamma istikhdām' construction.

إن ترميم الأبنية التاريخية هو فعل سياسي بامتياز، يهدف لتأكيد الهوية.

The restoration of historical buildings is a political act par excellence, aiming to assert identity.

Sophisticated 'Inna' construction.

تتجاوز عملية الترميم الجانب المادي لتصل إلى ترميم الوجدان الشعبي.

The restoration process transcends the material aspect to reach the restoration of the popular conscience.

Verb 'tatajāwaz' (transcends).

يثير ترميم المعالم الأثرية جدلاً حول الأصالة والتزييف.

The restoration of archaeological landmarks sparks a debate about authenticity and forgery.

Verb 'yuthīr' (sparks/arouses).

لا يمكن ترميم ما أفسده الدهر إلا بجهود جبارة وإرادة صلبة.

What time has corrupted cannot be restored except with Herculean efforts and a solid will.

Negative passive 'lā yumkin' + metaphorical 'corruption by time'.

يعد ترميم الثقة في المؤسسات الحكومية ركيزة أساسية للاستقرار.

Restoring trust in government institutions is a fundamental pillar of stability.

Abstract political context.

تتطلب المخطوطات المتفحمة تقنيات نانوية لترميمها دون إتلافها.

Charred manuscripts require nanotechnology to restore them without destroying them.

Use of suffix pronoun '-hā' (them/it) on 'tarmīm'.

انتقد البعض ترميم القلعة، معتبرين أنه أفقدها طابعها التاريخي.

Some criticized the restoration of the castle, considering that it made it lose its historical character.

Participle 'mu'tabirīn' (considering).

إن فلسفة الترميم الحديثة تركز على الحفاظ على 'روح المكان'.

Modern restoration philosophy focuses on preserving the 'spirit of the place'.

Technical term 'falsafat al-tarmīm'.

تتجلى إشكالية الترميم في الصراع بين الحفاظ على الأثر كوثيقة تاريخية وبين إحيائه كوظيفة اجتماعية.

The problematic of restoration is manifested in the conflict between preserving the artifact as a historical document and reviving it as a social function.

High-level academic vocabulary: 'tatajallā' (is manifested), 'ishkāliyya' (problematic).

يعكس ترميم الفكر النقدي في المجتمعات العربية ضرورة ملحة لمواجهة الجمود.

The restoration of critical thought in Arab societies reflects an urgent necessity to confront stagnation.

Metaphorical application to philosophy.

إن إعادة ترميم الكرامة الإنسانية بعد النزاعات هي المهمة الأكثر تعقيداً.

Restoring human dignity after conflicts is the most complex task.

Superlative 'al-akthar ta'qīdan'.

يخضع مفهوم 'الترميم' ذاته للمساءلة في ظل هيمنة العولمة الثقافية.

The concept of 'restoration' itself is subject to questioning under the dominance of cultural globalization.

Passive 'yukhaḍḍa' (is subjected) and 'musā'ala' (questioning).

لا يقتصر الترميم على الجماليات، بل هو استنطاق للتاريخ واستحضار للهوية الغائبة.

Restoration is not limited to aesthetics; it is an interrogation of history and an evocation of absent identity.

Sophisticated verbs: 'istinṭāq' (interrogation), 'istihḍār' (evocation).

تتداخل تقنيات الترميم الكيميائي مع الفهم العميق للسياق التاريخي للمادة.

Chemical restoration techniques overlap with a deep understanding of the historical context of the material.

Verb 'tatadākhal' (overlap/intertwine).

أثبتت الدراسات أن ترميم البيئة البحرية يمكن أن يعيد التوازن البيئي في غضون عقود.

Studies have proven that the restoration of the marine environment can restore ecological balance within decades.

Scientific context: 'al-bi'a al-baḥriyya'.

إن أي محاولة لترميم الماضي دون فهم الحاضر هي محاولة محكومة بالفشل.

Any attempt to restore the past without understanding the present is an attempt doomed to failure.

Predicate 'maḥkūma bil-fashal' (doomed to failure).

類義語

تجديد إصلاح تحسين إعادة بناء صيانة

反対語

هدم تخريب إتلاف

よく使う組み合わせ

ترميم الآثار

عملية ترميم

خبير ترميم

ترميم العلاقات

مشروع ترميم

ترميم شامل

ميزانية الترميم

ترميم المخطوطات

ترميم فني

تحت الترميم

よく使うフレーズ

إعادة ترميم

— The process of restoring something again or starting a restoration project.

بدأت إعادة ترميم القصر الملكي.

ترميم ما يمكن ترميمه

— Restoring what can be saved/restored (often used when damage is severe).

حاولنا ترميم ما يمكن ترميمه بعد الحريق.

فن الترميم

— The art of restoration, emphasizing the skill involved.

درست فن الترميم في جامعة الفنون.

ترميم الذاكرة

— Restoring memory, often used in a historical or psychological context.

الكتابة هي نوع من ترميم الذاكرة.

ترميم البيت القديم

— Specifically fixing up an ancestral or historical home.

ترميم البيت القديم مكلف لكنه ممتع.

ترميم الثقة

— Rebuilding trust after a betrayal or failure.

ترميم الثقة يحتاج إلى وقت طويل.

ترميم اللوحات

— The specific task of restoring paintings.

ترميم اللوحات يتطلب دقة عالية.

ترميم الواجهات

— Restoring the exterior facades of buildings.

مشروع ترميم الواجهات غير وجه المدينة.

ترميم الجسور

— Restoring bridges, often both physically and metaphorically (connecting people).

ترميم الجسور بين الثقافات هدفنا.

أعمال الترميم

— Restoration works (the actual labor and activities).

توقفت أعمال الترميم بسبب المطر.

よく混同される語

ترميم vs إصلاح (iṣlāḥ)

Iṣlāḥ is for general repair or systemic reform. Tarmīm is for artistic/historical restoration.

ترميم vs تجديد (tajdīd)

Tajdīd is making something look new/modern. Tarmīm is making it look like its original old self.

ترميم vs صيانة (ṣiyāna)

Ṣiyāna is routine maintenance to prevent damage. Tarmīm is fixing damage that already happened.

慣用句と表現

"ترميم الصدوع"

— Literally 'mending cracks,' but used to mean fixing divisions in a group or family.

حاول الزعيم ترميم الصدوع داخل الحزب.

Formal

"ترميم ما أفسده الدهر"

— To fix what time has ruined; a poetic way to describe restoring something very old.

هذا المشروع يسعى لترميم ما أفسده الدهر في مدينتنا.

Literary

"ترميم الروح"

— Restoring the soul, used for healing after emotional trauma.

السفر كان وسيلة لترميم روحه المتعبة.

Poetic

"ترميم البيت من الداخل"

— Fixing internal issues before dealing with external ones (often political).

علينا ترميم البيت من الداخل أولاً.

Political

"ترميم الجراح"

— Healing wounds, usually psychological or social wounds from war.

المصالحة هي الخطوة الأولى لترميم الجراح.

Journalistic

"ترميم الصورة الذهنية"

— Restoring a public image or reputation.

تحاول الشركة ترميم صورتها الذهنية بعد الفضيحة.

Business

"ترميم النسيج الاجتماعي"

— Mending the social fabric of a community.

التعليم هو المفتاح لترميم النسيج الاجتماعي.

Academic

"ترميم الكرامة"

— Restoring dignity to someone who has been oppressed.

العدالة هي السبيل الوحيد لترميم الكرامة.

Human Rights

"ترميم الأمل"

— Restoring hope in a desperate situation.

كلماتك ساعدت في ترميم الأمل في قلبي.

Emotional

"ترميم الجسور المقطوعة"

— Re-establishing connections that were severed long ago.

حان الوقت لترميم الجسور المقطوعة مع عائلتك.

Informal

間違えやすい

ترميم vs بناء

Both involve construction.

Binaa is building from scratch; Tarmīm is repairing an existing old structure.

بناء بيت جديد vs ترميم بيت قديم.

ترميم vs تعديل

Both involve changing something.

Ta'dīl is modifying or adjusting; Tarmīm is restoring to an original state.

تعديل الخطة vs ترميم اللوحة.

ترميم vs تزيين

Both improve appearance.

Tazyīn is decorating (adding new things); Tarmīm is restoring (fixing old things).

تزيين الشارع vs ترميم الواجهات.

ترميم vs تنظيف

Restoration often involves cleaning.

Tanẓīf is just removing dirt; Tarmīm involves structural and artistic repair.

تنظيف التمثال vs ترميم التمثال.

ترميم vs إعادة إعمار

Both involve rebuilding.

I'ādat i'mār is large-scale reconstruction (often after war); Tarmīm is more delicate restoration.

إعادة إعمار المدينة vs ترميم المسرح.

文型パターン

يحتاج [الشيء] إلى ترميم.

يحتاج هذا الكرسي إلى ترميم.

قام [الشخص] بترميم [الشيء].

قام الخبير بترميم اللوحة.

بدأ مشروع ترميم [المكان].

بدأ مشروع ترميم المسجد القديم.

خضع [الشيء] لعملية ترميم [صفة].

خضع المتحف لعملية ترميم شاملة.

يعتبر ترميم [الاسم] ضرورياً لـ [الهدف].

يعتبر ترميم الآثار ضرورياً للحفاظ على التاريخ.

لا يقتصر الترميم على [شيء] بل يشمل [شيء آخر].

لا يقتصر الترميم على الحجر بل يشمل الروح.

يسعى [الفاعل] إلى ترميم ما أفسده [الفاعل الآخر].

يسعى المجتمع إلى ترميم ما أفسدته الحرب.

تتجلى أهمية الترميم في [سياق فلسفي].

تتجلى أهمية الترميم في استعادة الهوية المفقودة.

語族

名詞

مُرمِّم (murammim - restorer)

تَرْمِيمَة (tarmīma - a single act of restoration / chant)

رَميم (ramīm - decayed/dust/rotten bones)

動詞

رَمَّمَ (rammama - to restore/renovate)

يُرَمِّمُ (yurammimu - he restores)

رَمِّمْ (rammim - restore! [imperative])

形容詞

مُرَمَّم (murammam - restored [passive participle])

تَرْمِيمِيّ (tarmīmiyy - restorative/related to restoration)

使い方

frequency

Common in cultural, historical, and professional contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'tarmīm' for a broken phone. → إصلاح الهاتف (iṣlāḥ al-hātif).
Phones are modern technology, not historical artifacts.
Saying 'tarmīm al-ghurfa' for just cleaning it. → تنظيف الغرفة (tanẓīf al-ghurfa).
Tarmīm involves physical repair and restoration, not just cleaning.
Using a feminine adjective with 'tarmīm'. → ترميم جيد (tarmīm jayyid).
Tarmīm is a masculine noun.
Confusing 'tarmīm' with 'binaa' (building). → ترميم البيت (restoring the house).
You can't restore something that doesn't exist yet.
Using 'tarmīm' for political reform without context. → إصلاح سياسي (iṣlāḥ siyāsī).
Iṣlāḥ is the standard word for reform. Tarmīm is only used metaphorically for fixing specific broken parts of a system.

ヒント

Masdar Power

Remember that 'tarmīm' is a Masdar. This means it can act as a noun but still carries the action of the verb. You can use it after 'ba'da' (after) or 'qabla' (before).

Artistic Flair

Use 'tarmīm' when talking about hobbies like fixing old watches, vintage clothes, or antique furniture to sound more like a connoisseur.

Heritage Focus

In the Arab world, heritage is sacred. Using 'tarmīm' correctly shows you value the history of the object you are discussing.

Mending Hearts

In emotional contexts, 'tarmīm' suggests a slow, careful process. It's much more meaningful than just saying 'fixing' a problem.

Double M

Don't forget the second 'm'. The word is T-R-M-Y-M. The 'y' creates the long 'ee' sound.

Rolled R

Make sure to roll the 'r' clearly. If you don't, it might sound like a different word or simply be hard to understand.

Expert Status

If you call someone a 'murammim', you are acknowledging their professional expertise in conservation.

Before and After

Whenever you see a 'Before and After' photo of an old building, think: 'Tarmīm'.

Major Choice

If you are interested in history, you can say 'I want to study Tarmīm' (أريد دراسة الترميم).

Social Fabric

Use the phrase 'tarmīm al-nasīj al-ijtimā'ī' in essays to discuss community building after a crisis.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Tarmīm' as 'To Re-Make' (TRM). T-R-M = Tarmīm. When you restore a building, you 'To Re-Make' its history.

視覚的連想

Imagine a specialist with a tiny brush carefully painting a crack on an ancient museum vase. That delicate process is 'tarmīm'.

Word Web

History Art Museum Architecture Mending Ancient Preservation Skill

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your house that are old enough to need 'tarmīm' instead of just 'iṣlāḥ'. Write them down in Arabic.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root ر-م-م (R-M-M), which primarily means to become old, worn out, or decayed. The form II verb 'rammama' (to mend/restore) is a causative/intensive form of this root.

元の意味： The original sense involves gathering together fragments or mending something that has fallen into pieces or decayed into dust.

Semitic (Arabic).

文化的な背景

When discussing the restoration of religious sites, use the word with respect as it implies a sacred duty to preserve the past.

English speakers might use 'restoration' for art and 'renovation' for houses. In Arabic, 'tarmīm' covers both if they are old/historic.

The restoration of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The restoration of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir. The term 'ramīm' in the Quran (36:78).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Museums and Art Galleries

ترميم اللوحات الزيتية
قسم الترميم
حالة القطعة بعد الترميم
المواد المستخدمة في الترميم

Historical Architecture

ترميم الواجهات الحجرية
إعادة ترميم القلعة
الحفاظ على الطراز المعماري
ترميم السقف الخشبي

Archaeology

ترميم القطع الفخارية
بعثة الترميم
ترميم الموقع الأثري
توثيق عملية الترميم

Personal Relationships

ترميم الصداقة
محاولة ترميم الزواج
ترميم ما انكسر
وقت لترميم النفس

Economics and Politics

ترميم الاقتصاد الوطني
ترميم الثقة السياسية
ترميم البنية التحتية
ترميم العلاقات الدولية

会話のきっかけ

"هل تعتقد أن ترميم المباني القديمة أهم من بناء مبانٍ جديدة؟"

"ما هو أجمل مكان رأيته خضع لعملية ترميم؟"

"هل تحب ممارسة هواية ترميم الأشياء القديمة في منزلك؟"

"كيف يمكننا ترميم العلاقات التي تضررت بسبب سوء الفهم؟"

"هل دراسة ترميم الآثار صعبة في بلدك؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن شيء قديم في منزلك يحتاج إلى ترميم ولماذا هو مهم بالنسبة لك.

تخيل أنك خبير ترميم، صف عملية إنقاذ لوحة فنية مشهورة.

هل يمكن ترميم القلب بعد الحزن العميق؟ عبر عن رأيك.

ناقش أهمية ترميم المدن التاريخية بعد الحروب.

صف شعورك عندما ترى مبنى تاريخياً ينهار بسبب عدم الترميم.

よくある質問

10 問

Only if it is a classic or vintage car that you are restoring to its original 1950s condition. For a normal car repair, use 'iṣlāḥ' or 'taslīḥ'.

It is a noun (verbal noun/Masdar). The verb is 'rammama' (he restored).

He or she is called a 'murammim' (مُرَمِّم).

Yes, it is very common and poetic to use 'tarmīm al-alāqāt' to mean mending or restoring relationships.

Occasionally, for things like 'tarmīm al-asnan' (dental restoration/reconstruction) or tissue repair, but 'iṣlāḥ' or 'ilti'ām' are more common for bodies.

Tarmīm looks backward (preservation), while Tajdīd looks forward (modernization).

Yes, it is a relatively formal word, but it is understood by everyone and used in newspapers daily.

You say 'taḥta al-tarmīm' (تحت الترميم).

The root is R-M-M (ر-م-م), which relates to things being old or decayed.

Usually no, for digital files we use 'isti'āda' (recovery) or 'iṣlāḥ' (fix).

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