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A1 adjective 4分で読める

dolu

練習する例文メモとヒント dolu 30秒で

解説 dolu in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'dolu' is one of the essential adjectives you learn to describe your immediate environment. You use it to talk about basic objects and simple situations. For example, 'The glass is full' (Stəkan doludur) or 'The bag is full' (Çanta doludur). It is a concrete word that helps you express quantity and state without complex grammar. You will primarily use it in the present tense with the suffix '-dur' to describe what you see right now. Learners at this stage should focus on the 'full container' and 'crowded room' meanings.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'dolu' to describe more social and public situations. You can talk about transportation, like saying 'The bus was very full' (Avtobus çox dolu idi), or restaurants. You also start using 'dolu' with the instrumental case to say what something is full of, such as 'The box is full of toys' (Qutu oyuncaqlarla doludur). This level introduces the past tense and the ability to compare states—comparing a full place to an empty (boş) one.

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By B1, you move into more figurative and descriptive uses of 'dolu.' You might describe a person's appearance as 'dolu' (meaning plump or well-built) in a neutral or slightly descriptive way. You also begin to understand common idioms involving the word, such as 'ürəyi dolu olmaq' (to have a lot on one's mind/heart). At this stage, you can use 'dolu' in more complex sentence structures, including subordinate clauses like 'I didn't enter the room because it was full.'

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At the B2 level, 'dolu' is used in more abstract and professional contexts. You might describe a 'full schedule' (dolu cədvəl) or a 'content-rich' presentation. You understand the nuances between 'dolu' and its synonyms like 'sıx' (dense) or 'basırıq' (crowded). You can also discuss weather phenomena more accurately, distinguishing between the noun 'dolu' (hail) and the adjective 'dolu' (full) through context and syntax in more sophisticated discussions.

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At the C1 level, you recognize 'dolu' in literature and formal rhetoric. It is used to describe depth of character, richness of voice ('dolu səs'), or a life 'full' of achievements. You are comfortable with the word's role in complex word formations and can use it to express subtle emotional states. You also understand its etymological roots and how it relates to other Turkic languages, allowing for a deeper appreciation of its semantic range in academic or poetic Azerbaijani.

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At the C2 level, 'dolu' is mastered in all its polysemic glory. You can use it to critique literature, perhaps noting the 'dolu' (substantive/meaningful) nature of a particular passage. You can navigate the most obscure idioms and cultural references seamlessly. Whether it's a technical discussion about volume or a poetic reflection on the 'fullness' of time, you use the word with native-like precision, including its use as a noun in meteorological contexts without any risk of confusion.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

dolu 30秒で

Dolu primarily means 'full' or 'crowded' in Azerbaijani, used for both objects and places.
It can also describe a person's physical build as 'plump' or 'sturdy' in a neutral way.
As a noun, 'dolu' means 'hail' in weather contexts, which is a common point of confusion.
It is frequently used with the instrumental case (-la/-lə) to specify what something is full of.

The Azerbaijani word dolu is a versatile adjective primarily meaning 'full' or 'crowded.' At its most basic level, it describes a container that can hold no more, such as a glass of water or a bag of groceries. However, its utility extends far beyond physical objects. In Azerbaijani culture, a room 'dolu' with people suggests a vibrant, perhaps slightly overwhelming atmosphere. Unlike English, where 'full' and 'crowded' are distinct, dolu bridges that gap effortlessly.

Physical Capacity: Used for bottles, boxes, or any vessel. Stəkan doludur (The glass is full).
Social Density: Used for buses, restaurants, or events. Restoran dolu idi (The restaurant was crowded).

Mənim çantam kitablarla doludur.

Translation: My bag is full of books.

In more abstract contexts, dolu describes a life rich with experience or a heart heavy with emotion. If someone says ürəyim doludur, they aren't talking about their physical heart being full of blood, but rather that they have many things on their mind or are feeling very emotional and need to vent. This multi-layered nature makes it one of the first adjectives a learner should master to describe the world around them.

Grammatically, dolu functions as a standard adjective in Azerbaijani. It can appear before a noun to modify it directly or after a noun with a copula suffix to form a predicate. Because Azerbaijani is an agglutinative language, you will often see dolu combined with suffixes like -dur/dür (is) or -idi (was).

Attributive Position: Placed before the noun: Dolu stəkan (A full glass).
Predicative Position: Placed after the noun with a suffix: Səbət doludur (The basket is full).

Avtobus sərnişinlərlə dolu idi.

Translation: The bus was full of passengers.

When you want to specify what something is full of, you use the postposition ilə (with) or the instrumental case suffix -la/-lə. For example, 'full of water' becomes su ilə dolu. It is important to remember that 'dolu' itself does not change based on the gender of the noun, as Azerbaijani does not have grammatical gender.

In Azerbaijan, you will hear dolu daily in various environments. At a busy market (bazar), vendors might shout about their 'dolu' bags of fresh produce. In the Baku Metro during rush hour, you will inevitably hear someone complain that the train is həddindən artıq dolu (excessively full). It is a practical word for navigation and logistics.

Bu gün kafe çox doludur, başqa yerə gedək.

Translation: The cafe is very full today, let's go somewhere else.

Beyond physical spaces, the word is a staple in weather reports. However, there is a catch: dolu as a noun means 'hail.' While we are focusing on the adjective, being aware of this homonym is crucial. If you hear Dolu yağır, it means 'It is hailing,' not 'The rain is full.'

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is confusing dolu with tam or bütöv. While all three can translate to 'full' or 'complete' in certain English contexts, their usage in Azerbaijani is distinct. Dolu refers to capacity and occupancy. Tam refers to completeness or perfection (e.g., a full moon or a complete set). Bütöv refers to something being whole or undivided (e.g., a whole loaf of bread).

Dolu vs. Tam: Use 'dolu' for a cup of tea, but 'tam' for a complete answer.

If you want to vary your vocabulary, there are several synonyms depending on the context. If a place is not just 'full' but 'packed' or 'cramped,' you might use basabas (crush/crowd). If you are talking about something being 'saturated' or 'overflowing,' the verb daşmaq might be more appropriate in its participial form.

Məşğul: Means 'busy.' Use this for people, whereas 'dolu' is for places. A person is busy, but a room is full.
Basırıq: Specifically refers to a 'crowded' or 'congested' situation, often used for traffic or public transport.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root is so ancient that it is found in almost all Turkic languages with very little phonetic change (e.g., Turkish 'dolu', Kazakh 'tolı').

発音ガイド

UK /doˈlu/

US /doʊˈlu/

The stress is on the final syllable: do-LU.

韻が合う語

sulu qulu ulu yolu qolu dolu (hail) sulu (watery) tulu

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'u' like the English 'u' in 'cup'. It should be more like 'oo' in 'boot'.
Stress on the first syllable.
Making the 'o' too long like 'doe'.
Confusing it with the English word 'doll'.
Not rounding the lips enough for the 'u'.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

ライティング 2/5

Easy, but remember the 'u' at the end.

スピーキング 2/5

Requires correct stress on the second syllable.

リスニング 2/5

Must distinguish from 'yolu' or 'qolu' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

su otaq var yox çox

次に学ぶ

boş doldurmaq basırıq həcm tutum

上級

dolğun ləbaləb pürməna mühtəva

知っておくべき文法

Instrumental Case with 'dolu'

Su + ilə -> Su ilə dolu (Full of water).

Copula Suffixes

Dolu + dur -> Doludur (It is full).

Adjective Placement

Dolu (Adj) + Qutu (Noun) -> Dolu qutu (Full box).

Past Tense Copula

Dolu + idi -> Dolu idi (It was full).

Negation with 'deyil'

Dolu deyil (It is not full).

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レベル別の例文

Stəkan doludur.

The glass is full.

dolu + -dur (is)

Çanta doludur.

The bag is full.

Simple predicative use.

Otaq doludur.

The room is full.

Refers to occupancy.

Qab doludur.

The plate/dish is full.

Noun + adjective + copula.

Dolu stəkan masadadır.

The full glass is on the table.

Attributive use before the noun.

Səbət alma ilə doludur.

The basket is full of apples.

Uses 'ilə' (with) for content.

Avtobus doludur.

The bus is full.

Common daily expression.

Mənim cibim doludur.

My pocket is full.

Possessive + adjective.

Maşın adamla dolu idi.

The car was full of people.

Past tense 'idi'.

Bu qutu köhnə kitablarla doludur.

This box is full of old books.

Plural noun + instrumental case.

Dünən restoran çox dolu idi.

Yesterday the restaurant was very full.

Adverb 'çox' (very) modifying 'dolu'.

Sənin əllərin doludur, mən kömək edim.

Your hands are full, let me help.

Idiomatic use for being busy/carrying things.

Həyət uşaqlarla dolu idi.

The yard was full of children.

Spatial fullness.

Şkaf paltarla doludur.

The wardrobe is full of clothes.

Noun + instrumental -la.

Kofe fincanı hələ doludur.

The coffee cup is still full.

Adverb 'hələ' (still).

Dolu bir otağa girdi.

He entered a full room.

Adjective modifying an indefinite noun.

Onun həyatı maraqlı hadisələrlə doludur.

His life is full of interesting events.

Abstract usage.

Dolu bədənli bir kişi bizə yaxınlaşdı.

A plump-bodied man approached us.

Describing physical build.

Ürəyim doludur, gərək danışım.

My heart is full, I must speak.

Idiomatic emotional state.

Bu kitab dərin fikirlərlə doludur.

This book is full of deep thoughts.

Metaphorical fullness.

Dolu səbətləri daşımaq çətindir.

It is difficult to carry full baskets.

Plural adjective-noun phrase.

Göy üzü buludlarla dolu idi.

The sky was full of clouds.

Describing nature/weather.

O, dolu bir səsli müğənnidir.

She is a singer with a full voice.

Describing quality of sound.

İş cədvəlim bu həftə çox doludur.

My work schedule is very full this week.

Usage in professional context.

Məqalə faydalı məlumatlarla doludur.

The article is full of useful information.

Academic/Professional use.

Şəhərin mərkəzi turistlərlə dolu idi.

The city center was full of tourists.

Focus on social density.

O, dolu bir həyat yaşayıb.

He has lived a full life.

Perfective aspect implied.

Dolu qədəhlər sağlığa qaldırıldı.

Full glasses were raised for a toast.

Formal/Ceremonial context.

Onun baxışları nifrətlə dolu idi.

His gaze was full of hatred.

Describing emotions.

Bu region mineral bulaqlarla doludur.

This region is full of mineral springs.

Geographic description.

Dolu bir auditoriya qarşısında çıxış etdi.

He performed in front of a full auditorium.

Formal public setting.

Anbar mallarla doludur.

The warehouse is full of goods.

Industrial/Business context.

Yazıçının dili zəngin və dolu bir üsluba malikdir.

The author's language has a rich and full style.

Literary criticism.

Onun hər bir sözü məna ilə doludur.

Every word of his is full of meaning.

Emphasis on semantic depth.

Dolu bir qəlblə hər kəsə kömək edirdi.

He helped everyone with a full heart.

Spiritual/Emotional fullness.

Tariximiz qəhrəmanlıq səhifələri ilə doludur.

Our history is full of heroic pages.

National/Historical context.

O, dolu və məzmunlu bir nitq söylədi.

He delivered a full and substantial speech.

Formal rhetoric.

Dolu yağışı məhsula ciddi ziyan vurdu.

The hail rain caused serious damage to the crop.

Note: 'Dolu' here is a noun modifying another noun.

Onun yaradıcılığı fəlsəfi fikirlərlə doludur.

His creativity is full of philosophical ideas.

Intellectual discourse.

Dolu bir həyatın sonuna gəldiyini hiss edirdi.

He felt he had reached the end of a full life.

Existential context.

Əsər semantik baxımdan olduqca dolu və qat-qatdır.

The work is semantically quite full and layered.

High-level literary analysis.

Onun səsindəki o dolu tembr hamını valeh etdi.

That full timbre in his voice fascinated everyone.

Describing aesthetic qualities.

Dolu bir təfəkkür tərzi geniş mütaliə tələb edir.

A 'full' way of thinking requires extensive reading.

Abstract intellectualism.

İctimaiyyət bu dolu və dürüst addımı alqışladı.

The public applauded this substantial and honest step.

Political/Social commentary.

Onun poeziyası xalq ruhu ilə doludur.

His poetry is full of the folk spirit.

Cultural/Literary depth.

Dolu bir qədəh kimi daşan duyğularını gizlədə bilmirdi.

He couldn't hide his emotions, which overflowed like a full goblet.

Simile usage.

Müəllif dolu bir bədii təsvir yaratmağa nail olmuşdur.

The author succeeded in creating a full artistic description.

Artistic critique.

Dolu bir ömür, boş bir xəyaldan üstündür.

A full life is superior to an empty dream.

Aphoristic usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

ağzına qədər dolu

dolu adam

dolu səs

içi dolu

dolu cədvəl

su ilə dolu

adamla dolu

dolu qədəh

dolu torba

həyatla dolu

よく使うフレーズ

Əllərim doludur.

— I am carrying many things or I am very busy.

Kömək edə bilmərəm, əllərim doludur.

Ürəyim doludur.

— I have a lot of emotions or things to say.

Gəl oturaq, ürəyim doludur.

Dolu vurmaq

— To hail (weather).

Dünən kəndə dolu vurdu.

Ağzı dolu danışmaq

— To talk with a full mouth.

Ağzı dolu danışmaq ayıbdır.

Dolu dizin

— At full speed (archaic/literary).

Atı dolu dizin sürürdü.

Gözləri dolmaq

— To have eyes fill with tears.

Onun gözləri doldu.

Dolu-dolu yaşamaq

— To live life to the fullest.

O, ömrünü dolu-dolu yaşadı.

Cibi dolu olmaq

— To be wealthy or have a lot of money.

Onun cibi doludur.

Dolu qazan

— A full pot (implies abundance).

Dolu qazan hər zaman qaynar.

Yer dolu idi.

— The place was full/crowded.

Getmədik, çünki yer dolu idi.

よく混同される語

dolu vs tam

Tam means 'complete' or 'exactly'. You can't say a glass is 'tam' when it's full of water.

dolu vs bütöv

Bütöv means 'whole'. A whole apple is 'bütöv', but a glass of water is 'dolu'.

dolu vs məşğul

Məşğul is only for people being busy. You can't say a bus is 'məşğul'.

慣用句と表現

"Ürəyi dolu olmaq"

— To be full of grievances or emotions.

Onun ürəyi müdirə qarşı doludur.

Informal

"Gözü dolu olmaq"

— To be about to cry.

Xəbəri eşidəndə gözü doldu.

Neutral

"Ağzı dolu danışmaq"

— To speak confidently or boastfully.

İndi ağzı dolu danışır, amma əvvəl belə deyildi.

Informal

"Əli dolu gəlmək"

— To arrive with gifts.

Qonaqlığa əli dolu gəldi.

Neutral

"Dolu-boş eləmək"

— To weigh the pros and cons.

Məsələni dolu-boş elədik.

Colloquial

"Dünyadan əli dolu getmək"

— To die having achieved much.

O, dünyadan əli dolu getdi.

Literary

"Qarnı dolu olmaq"

— To be full/sated.

Qarnı dolu olanın acdan xəbəri olmaz.

Proverbial

"Boş qabı dolu göstərmək"

— To pretend to have something you don't.

Həmişə boş qabı dolu göstərir.

Informal

"Dolu gəlib boş getmək"

— To come with high hopes and leave with nothing.

İclasa dolu gəldik, boş getdik.

Informal

"Başı dolu olmaq"

— To be knowledgeable or very busy.

Onun başı dolu adamdır.

Neutral

間違えやすい

dolu vs dolu (noun)

Identical spelling and pronunciation.

Noun means 'hail', adjective means 'full'.

Dolu (hail) yağır vs. Stəkan dolu (full) idi.

dolu vs yolu

Rhymes and looks similar.

'Yolu' means 'his/her way' or 'the road'.

Onun yolu uzundur.

dolu vs qolu

Rhymes and looks similar.

'Qolu' means 'his/her arm' or 'branch'.

Ağacın qolu sındı.

dolu vs sulu

Rhymes.

'Sulu' means 'watery' or 'juicy'.

Bu alma çox suludur.

dolu vs dolu (body type)

Specific cultural meaning.

In this context, it describes a person's physique, not that they are literally full of something.

O, dolu bədənli biridir.

文型パターン

[Noun] doludur.

Stəkan doludur.

Dolu [Noun].

Dolu çanta.

[Noun] [Noun]-la doludur.

Qutu kitabla doludur.

[Noun] çox dolu idi.

Otaq çox dolu idi.

[Abstract Noun] ilə dolu bir [Noun].

Məna ilə dolu bir söz.

[Noun] ağzına qədər doludur.

Çaydan ağzına qədər doludur.

Dolu bir [Noun] kimi [Verb].

Dolu bir bulud kimi boşaldı.

Bura doludur?

Bura doludur? (Is this seat taken?)

語族

名詞

doluluq (fullness)

dolu (hail)

doldurma (filling)

動詞

dolmaq (to become full)

doldurmaq (to fill)

doluşmaq (to crowd into)

形容詞

dolu (full)

dolğun (mature/full-bodied)

doldurulmuş (filled)

使い方

frequency

Very high; used daily in almost every context.

よくある間違い

Using 'dolu' for a busy person. → Mən məşğulam.
'Dolu' is for places/objects; 'məşğul' is for people's schedules.
Saying 'tam stəkan' for a full glass. → Dolu stəkan.
'Tam' means complete/exact, not physically full.
Misplacing the stress. → do-LU
Putting stress on the first syllable makes it sound unnatural.
Using 'dolu' for 'whole'. → Bütöv çörək.
Use 'bütöv' for a whole loaf of bread, not 'dolu'.
Confusing noun and adjective forms in weather. → Dolu yağır.
Remember that 'dolu' functions as a noun when it means 'hail'.

ヒント

Using Suffixes

Always remember the copula suffix '-dur/dür' when making a statement like 'It is full'.

Pair with Boş

Learn 'dolu' and 'boş' (empty) together as a pair of opposites to double your vocabulary.

Hospitality

Mentioning a 'dolu masa' (full table) is a great compliment to an Azerbaijani host.

Final Stress

The stress is on the 'u'. Practicing this will make you sound much more like a native speaker.

Crowded Places

Use 'dolu' for any place that has many people, from a small shop to a large stadium.

Hail Alert

If you see 'dolu' in a weather app, check for the icon! It likely means hail is expected.

Emotional Depth

Use 'ürəyim doludur' when you want to have a deep, heart-to-heart conversation with a friend.

Avoid Overuse

While 'dolu' is great, try using 'basırıq' for very crowded places to add variety to your writing.

Context Clues

Pay attention to the nouns around 'dolu' to distinguish between 'full' and 'hail'.

Polite Descriptions

If you need to describe someone's weight politely, 'dolu' is a safe and common choice.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Dolu' (doll) that is 'full' of stuffing.

視覚的連想

Imagine a glass of water filled to the very top so that it can't hold another drop.

Word Web

stəkan avtobus çanta ürək dolu boş su adam həyat

チャレンジ

Try to find five things in your room right now that are 'dolu' and say them out loud in Azerbaijani.

語源

Derived from the Proto-Turkic root *tol- meaning 'to fill' or 'to be full'.

元の意味： To reach capacity or to be complete.

Turkic (Oghuz branch)

文化的な背景

While 'dolu' is neutral for describing people, use it carefully as some might still be sensitive about body image.

English speakers often distinguish between 'full' (objects) and 'crowded' (places), but in Azerbaijani, 'dolu' handles both.

Used in many Azerbaijani folk songs to describe a 'full' heart or a 'full' glass of tea. Commonly found in the poetry of Fuzuli to describe spiritual fullness. Appears in proverbs about abundance.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a Restaurant

Bütün masalar doludur.
Bu yer doludur?
Dolu bir fincan çay.
Menyu dolu deyil.

Public Transport

Qatar çox doludur.
İçəri doludur.
Dolu avtobus.
Dayanacaq adamla doludur.

Shopping

Səbətim doludur.
Çanta çox doludur.
Mağaza müştərilərlə doludur.
Dolu rəflər.

Emotions

Ürəyim doludur.
Gözlərim doldu.
Həyatım sevgi ilə doludur.
Onun içində dolu bir kədər var.

Weather

Dolu yağır.
Dolu düşdü.
Böyük dolu dənələri.
Dolu buludu.

会話のきっかけ

"Bu avtobus həmişə belə dolu olur?"

"Sənin iş cədvəlin bu gün doludur?"

"Restoranda boş yer var, yoxsa hamısı doludur?"

"Bu qutunun içi nə ilə doludur?"

"Sənin ürəyin niyə belə doludur, nə olub?"

日記のテーマ

Bu gün həyatında nələr 'dolu' idi? Təsvir et.

Heç dolu bir avtobusda qalmısan? Nə hiss etdin?

Sənin üçün 'dolu bir həyat' nə deməkdir?

Dolu bir masa ətrafında kimlərlə olmaq istərdin?

Ürəyin dolu olanda adətən nə edirsən?

よくある質問

10 問

No, Azerbaijani does not have grammatical gender. 'Dolu' remains the same for all nouns.

Yes, it is the standard word for 'crowded' when referring to places like buses or rooms.

You say 'su ilə dolu' or 'suyla dolu'.

It can be both. As an adjective, it means 'full'. As a noun, it means 'hail'.

The opposite is 'boş', which means 'empty'.

No, for a person you should use 'məşğul'. 'Dolu' for a person refers to their physical build.

You say 'Əllərim doludur'.

It is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

It's an idiom meaning you are very emotional or have a lot of things you need to talk about.

Yes, 'dolu səs' means a rich, resonant, or deep voice.

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