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B1 noun #8 よく出る 12分で読める

runner

上位8

練習する例文メモとヒント runner 30秒で

解説 runner in your Level:

At the A1 level, a runner is simply a person who runs. You might see a runner in a park or on a street. It is a person who moves fast using their legs. For example, 'The runner is fast.' or 'I see a runner.' At this stage, you don't need to know about rugs or plants. Focus on the person doing the action of running. A runner is someone who likes to run for fun or to stay healthy. You can use the word when you talk about sports or people you see outside. It is a very easy word to remember because it comes from the verb 'run.' Just add '-er' to the end of 'run' (and double the 'n') to make the person who does it. This is a common pattern in English, like 'teacher' from 'teach' or 'player' from 'play.' So, a runner is a 'run-er.' When you go to the park, you can point and say, 'Look at that runner!' It is a great word for beginners to describe people and activities. You might also hear it in simple stories about races. 'The big runner won the race.' Learning this word helps you talk about basic human actions and the people who do them. It is one of the first nouns you will learn related to sports and movement. Always remember that a runner is a person. In A1, we keep it simple and focus on the most common meaning.

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At the A2 level, you can start to use 'runner' in more specific ways. You might talk about a 'marathon runner' or a 'fast runner.' You understand that being a runner can be a hobby or a sport. You can also start to learn about the 'runner-up' in a competition, which is the person who comes in second place. For example, 'My brother was the runner-up in the school race.' You might also encounter the word in the context of a 'table runner' or a 'hallway runner' if you are learning about home and furniture. This shows you that the word can also describe things that are long and thin. However, the main focus is still on the person. You can describe a runner's appearance or how they run. 'The runner has blue shoes.' 'The runner is very tired after the race.' You can also use it in the plural form, 'runners,' to talk about a group of people. 'There are many runners in the park today.' At this level, you are building your vocabulary to describe the world around you in more detail. Knowing that 'runner' can be a person or a type of rug helps you understand more complex sentences. You are also learning how to use adjectives with the word. 'She is a professional runner.' 'He is an amateur runner.' This adds more variety to your speaking and writing.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the various meanings of 'runner.' You know it refers to an athlete, but you also understand its use in professional contexts, such as a 'production runner' on a film set or a 'food runner' in a restaurant. You can use the word in more complex sentence structures and understand its role in compound nouns. For example, you might say, 'The front-runner in the election is gaining more support.' Here, you are using the word metaphorically to describe someone who is leading a competition. You also understand the botanical meaning, where a runner is a part of a plant like a strawberry. This level requires you to distinguish between these meanings based on the context of the conversation. You might also learn about 'runners' on a sled or a drawer, which are the parts that help them slide. Your vocabulary is becoming more nuanced. You can discuss the benefits of being a runner, such as improved cardiovascular health, or the challenges, such as injuries. You can also use the word in idioms like 'to do a runner,' which means to leave a place quickly, often to avoid paying for something. This shows a deeper understanding of how the word is used in everyday English. You are moving beyond the literal meaning and exploring the figurative and technical applications of the word.

At the B2 level, you can use 'runner' with precision in various professional and technical fields. You understand the nuances between a 'runner,' a 'jogger,' and a 'sprinter.' You can discuss the 'runners' of a political campaign or the 'runners' in a complex logistical operation. You are familiar with the term 'front-runner' and can use it in business or political analysis. Your understanding of the word's mechanical and botanical meanings is more detailed. You might describe the 'runners' on a piece of heavy machinery or the way 'runners' allow certain invasive plants to spread rapidly through an ecosystem. You can also use the word in more sophisticated idiomatic expressions and understand its role in different registers of English. For example, you might use 'runner' in a formal report about a film production's staff or in an informal conversation about a friend's marathon training. You are also aware of the pluralization rules for compound words like 'runners-up.' At this level, you can use the word to convey specific meanings and can adapt your usage based on the audience and the topic. You are comfortable with the word's flexibility and can use it to enhance your descriptions and explanations. You can also identify and correct common mistakes made by others when using the word.

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At the C1 level, your command of the word 'runner' is near-native. You understand its most obscure meanings and can use it in highly specialized contexts. You might discuss the 'runners' in a casting process or the 'runners' in a high-stakes legal environment. You are aware of the historical etymology of the word and how its meanings have shifted over time. You can use the word in complex metaphors and literary descriptions. For example, you might describe a 'runner of light' across a landscape or the 'runners' of a complex social network. You understand the subtle connotations of the word in different cultural contexts, such as the prestige associated with being a 'marathon runner' in some societies versus the entry-level status of a 'production runner' in others. Your use of the word is fluent and natural, and you can easily switch between its various meanings without hesitation. You can also appreciate the word's use in poetry and prose, where it might be used to symbolize speed, persistence, or connection. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are mastering its potential to convey deep and varied meanings. You can also explain the word's nuances to others and provide clear examples of its use in different fields.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete and sophisticated understanding of 'runner.' You can use it in any context, from technical engineering to abstract philosophy. You might discuss the 'runners' of a complex software algorithm or the 'runners' in a theoretical model of economic growth. You are familiar with the word's use in rare dialects or specialized jargon. You can use the word with a high degree of precision, choosing it over synonyms to convey a very specific shade of meaning. Your understanding of the word's idiomatic and metaphorical potential is exhaustive. You can create your own metaphors using the word and expect to be understood by other highly proficient speakers. You are also aware of the word's use in historical texts and can interpret its meaning in different eras. At this level, 'runner' is just one of many tools in your vast linguistic repertoire, and you use it with the ease and confidence of a native speaker. You can engage in deep discussions about the word's role in the English language and its various applications across different domains. Your mastery of the word is total, reflecting your overall high level of English proficiency.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

runner 30秒で

A person who runs for sport or exercise.
A long, narrow rug or decorative cloth.
A horizontal plant stem that takes root.
An entry-level assistant or courier.

The word runner is a multifaceted noun that primarily describes an individual engaged in the act of running, but its utility extends far beyond the athletic track. In its most common sense, a runner is an athlete who participates in races, such as marathons, sprints, or cross-country events. However, the term is also deeply embedded in various specialized fields, including interior design, biology, and the film industry. When we speak of a runner in a household context, we are often referring to a long, narrow rug designed to fit in hallways or on stairs. This usage highlights the word's ability to describe objects that 'run' or extend along a path. In biology, a runner is a specialized plant stem, also known as a stolon, that grows horizontally along the ground and takes root at intervals to form new plants, as seen in strawberries. This diversity makes 'runner' a versatile tool in the English language, bridging the gap between physical activity and structural descriptions.

Athletic Context: A person who runs for exercise, sport, or as part of a competitive race. This can range from a casual jogger to an elite Olympic sprinter.

The marathon runner maintained a steady pace despite the grueling heat of the afternoon sun.

Beyond the physical act of running, the term 'runner' is used in the professional world, particularly in the UK film and television industry. Here, a runner is an entry-level assistant who performs various small tasks, such as delivering messages, fetching coffee, or transporting equipment. This role is crucial for the smooth operation of a production set, symbolizing the 'legs' of the operation. Similarly, in a restaurant setting, a 'food runner' is the person responsible for carrying dishes from the kitchen to the customers' tables, ensuring that the service remains efficient. The word captures the essence of movement and utility, whether it refers to a human, a plant, or a piece of furniture. In technical settings, a runner can also refer to the blade of an ice skate or the long pieces of wood or metal on which a sled or drawer slides. This mechanical definition emphasizes the concept of smooth, continuous motion along a surface. Furthermore, in the context of a table, a 'table runner' is a narrow decorative cloth that is placed over a tablecloth or directly on the table surface. This usage mirrors the 'hallway runner' rug, reinforcing the idea of a long, linear object. The word's etymology, rooted in the Old English 'rinnere,' has evolved to encompass these varied meanings, yet they all share the underlying theme of progression, extension, or movement. Whether you are discussing a 'front-runner' in a political race or a 'strawberry runner' in a garden, the word provides a clear image of something moving forward or stretching out.

Mechanical Context: The part of a device that slides or moves along a track, such as the runners on a kitchen drawer or a winter sled.

The sled's steel runners glided effortlessly over the freshly fallen snow.

Botanical Context: A slender stem that grows along the ground, allowing a plant to reproduce asexually by forming new roots and shoots.

The strawberry plant sent out a runner to establish a new cluster of leaves a few inches away.

We placed a colorful runner down the center of the dining table for the holiday feast.

The film runner was tasked with ensuring the lead actor had their script revisions on time.

Using the word runner correctly requires an understanding of its context, as it can be a person, a plant part, or a piece of furniture. Grammatically, it is a countable noun, meaning it can be singular or plural ('runners'). When referring to a person, it often takes modifiers to specify the type of running they do, such as 'marathon runner,' 'trail runner,' or 'sprinter.' In professional settings, it is often paired with the department or role, like 'production runner' or 'food runner.' For objects, it is frequently used in compound nouns like 'stair runner' or 'table runner.'

Subject of a Sentence: The runner crossed the finish line in record time. Here, the noun acts as the primary agent of the action.

Every morning, the local runner passes by my window at exactly six o'clock.

When describing the physical attributes of a runner, adjectives like 'fast,' 'elite,' 'seasoned,' or 'amateur' are commonly used. For example, 'The elite runner prepared for the Olympic trials with intense focus.' In the context of interior design, you might say, 'We chose a jute runner for the hallway to handle the heavy foot traffic.' Note how the adjective 'jute' describes the material of the rug. In biology, you might observe, 'The spider plant is known for producing numerous runners that dangle from the main pot.' Here, 'runners' refers to the offshoots of the plant. The word also appears in various idiomatic expressions. A 'front-runner' is the person or thing that is leading a race or competition, often used in politics or business. For instance, 'She is the front-runner for the CEO position.' Conversely, a 'runner-up' is the person who finishes in second place. 'He was the runner-up in the national spelling bee.' These terms extend the literal meaning of a race into figurative domains.

Object of a Preposition: The coach gave advice to the young runner. In this case, 'runner' follows the preposition 'to.'

The award was presented to the runner who showed the most sportsmanship.

In technical or mechanical descriptions, 'runner' is used to describe the parts that facilitate sliding. 'The drawer runners need to be lubricated to stop the squeaking.' This plural usage is common when referring to a set of tracks or blades. Similarly, 'The sled runners were waxed to increase speed on the ice.' The word consistently implies a relationship with a path or a track.

Compound Nouns: Terms like 'road runner,' 'blade runner,' and 'carpet runner' are common and should be treated as single conceptual units.

The runner-up received a silver medal and a round of applause from the audience.

The botanist explained how the runner allows the plant to spread across the forest floor.

The office runner spent the morning delivering urgent documents across the city.

The word runner is ubiquitous in sports commentary, particularly during the Olympics or major marathons like those in London, Boston, or New York. Commentators will often discuss a runner's 'stride,' 'pace,' or 'split times.' You will hear it in casual conversation among friends who exercise together: 'Are you a morning runner or an evening runner?' This usage defines a person's identity through their hobby or lifestyle. In the world of interior design and home improvement, you will encounter 'runner' when shopping for flooring or decorating a dining room. Sales associates might ask, 'Are you looking for a Persian runner for your hallway?' or 'Would you like a matching runner for your dining table?'

Sports Media: Used to describe athletes in track, field, and endurance events. 'The Kenyan runner is pulling away from the pack.'

The sports announcer shouted, 'And the runner in lane four takes the lead!'

In professional environments, specifically in the creative industries of the UK and Europe, 'runner' is a very common job title. If you are on a film set, you might hear a director yell, 'Can we get a runner to bring some more water to the cast?' It is the starting point for many successful careers in media. In a corporate setting, a 'runner' might be someone who handles physical logistics between departments. In biology classrooms or gardening centers, the word is used to describe the reproductive habits of certain plants. A gardener might say, 'You need to trim the runners on your strawberries if you want bigger fruit.' This technical usage is essential for understanding plant growth and propagation. You will also hear the word in the context of winter sports and transportation. Sleds, toboggans, and ice skates all have 'runners.' A parent might tell their child, 'Be careful, the runners on that sled are very sharp.' In a workshop, a carpenter might talk about 'drawer runners' when building a cabinet. These varied contexts show how 'runner' is a foundational word in English, appearing in the gym, the garden, the office, and the home.

Home Decor: Refers to narrow rugs or decorative cloths. 'The red runner adds a touch of elegance to the hallway.'

We need a new runner for the stairs to prevent people from slipping.

Professional/Workplace: Refers to assistants or couriers. 'The legal runner delivered the contracts just before the deadline.'

As a production runner, her day was filled with errands and logistical challenges.

The gardener noticed a runner from the mint plant invading the vegetable patch.

The ice skate's runner bit into the frozen pond as he turned sharply.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word runner is confusing it with the gerund 'running.' While 'running' describes the action ('I enjoy running'), 'runner' describes the person performing the action ('I am a runner'). Another common error involves the term 'runner-up.' Learners often pluralize it incorrectly as 'runner-ups' instead of the correct 'runners-up.' This is because 'runner' is the head noun being pluralized.

Confusion with 'Jogger': While often used interchangeably, a 'runner' usually implies a higher level of intensity or competition than a 'jogger.'

Incorrect: He is a very fast running. Correct: He is a very fast runner.

In the context of interior design, people sometimes confuse a 'runner' with a 'rug.' While all runners are rugs, not all rugs are runners. A runner is specifically long and narrow. Calling a large, square carpet a 'runner' would be incorrect. Similarly, in a restaurant, confusing a 'server' with a 'runner' can happen. A server takes orders and manages the table, while a runner specifically brings the food from the kitchen. Another mistake is using 'runner' when 'racer' might be more appropriate. A runner is anyone who runs, but a racer is someone specifically competing in a race. While most racers are runners, you can be a runner without ever entering a race. Additionally, in the botanical sense, learners might use 'branch' or 'root' instead of 'runner.' A runner is a specific type of horizontal stem; using the wrong term can lead to confusion in a scientific or gardening context.

Grammar: Pluralization: Remember to pluralize the first part of compound nouns like 'runners-up' or 'runners-in-law' (though the latter is not a real term, the principle applies).

Incorrect: The two runner-ups stood on the podium. Correct: The two runners-up stood on the podium.

Misuse in Business: Using 'runner' to mean 'manager' or 'leader' is incorrect, unless you are using the specific term 'front-runner' in a metaphorical sense.

The runner of the company made a big decision. (Better: The leader/CEO of the company...)

The athlete is a dedicated runner who trains every day. (Correct usage)

The strawberry runner took root in the moist soil. (Correct usage)

While runner is a versatile word, several alternatives can provide more precision depending on the context. In an athletic setting, 'sprinter' refers to someone who runs short distances at high speed, while 'marathoner' or 'long-distance runner' specifies endurance. 'Jogger' is often used for someone who runs at a slower, more leisurely pace, typically for health rather than competition. 'Harrier' is a more traditional or literary term for a cross-country runner.

Sprinter vs. Runner: A sprinter is a type of runner who focuses on short, explosive bursts of speed, like the 100m dash.

Usain Bolt is perhaps the most famous sprinter in history, while Eliud Kipchoge is a legendary marathon runner.

In the context of objects, 'carpet' or 'rug' are broader terms for a 'runner.' If you want to be specific about the shape, you must use 'runner.' In biology, 'stolon' is the scientific synonym for a plant runner. While 'runner' is common in everyday gardening, 'stolon' is preferred in botanical texts. For the mechanical parts of a sled or skate, 'blade' or 'rail' can sometimes be used, though 'runner' remains the standard term for the sliding surface itself. In professional roles, 'messenger,' 'courier,' or 'assistant' can serve as alternatives. A 'production assistant' (PA) is often the formal title for what is colloquially called a 'runner' on a film set. In a restaurant, 'busser' is sometimes confused with 'runner,' but a busser primarily clears tables, while a runner delivers food. Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to emphasize the person's speed, their role, or the specific object they are interacting with.

Messenger vs. Runner: A messenger specifically delivers information or items, whereas a runner's role might be broader, including various errands.

The bike messenger navigated the city traffic much faster than any foot runner could.

Stolon (Botanical): The scientific term for a plant runner that grows along the soil surface.

The stolon of the strawberry plant is a classic example of vegetative reproduction.

The jogger enjoyed a peaceful morning run through the park, avoiding the intensity of the competitive runners.

We replaced the old hallway carpet with a modern, patterned runner.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"The candidate is considered the front-runner in the current political climate."

ニュートラル

"The runner finished the race in under four hours."

カジュアル

"He's a decent runner, but he needs more practice."

Child friendly

"Look at the fast runner in the park!"

スラング

"He did a runner before the cops showed up."

豆知識

The term 'runner' for a rug appeared in the 19th century because the rug 'runs' along the floor.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈrʌn.ə(r)/

US /ˈrʌn.ɚ/

The stress is on the first syllable: RUN-ner.

韻が合う語

gunner stunner shunner punner

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'nn' as two separate sounds.
Making the 'u' sound too much like 'oo.'
Forgetting the schwa sound at the end in non-rhotic accents.

難易度

読解 2/5

The word is simple to read but has multiple meanings.

ライティング 3/5

Requires knowledge of compound words and pluralization rules.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to pronounce and use in basic sentences.

リスニング 3/5

Must distinguish between meanings based on context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

run person fast long

次に学ぶ

stolon sprinter marathon courier

上級

stolon gait endurance logistics

知っておくべき文法

Agentive Suffix -er

Run + er = Runner (a person who runs).

Pluralizing Compound Nouns

Runner-up becomes Runners-up.

Countable Nouns

One runner, two runners.

Adjective Placement

The 'fast' runner (adjective before noun).

Gerund vs. Noun

Running (action) vs. Runner (person).

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レベル別の例文

The runner is very fast.

The person who runs is quick.

'Runner' is the subject of the sentence.

I see a runner in the park.

I look at a person running.

'A runner' is the object of the verb 'see.'

Is he a runner?

Does he run for sport?

This is a question using the verb 'to be.'

The runner has red shoes.

The person running is wearing red footwear.

'Runner' is the subject.

She is a good runner.

She runs well.

'Good' is an adjective describing 'runner.'

Look at the runners!

Watch the people who are running.

'Runners' is the plural form.

The runner stops to drink water.

The person running takes a break for water.

Present simple tense.

My friend is a runner.

My friend likes to run.

'Runner' is a complement.

He was the runner-up in the race.

He came in second place.

'Runner-up' is a compound noun.

We bought a new runner for the hall.

We got a long rug for the hallway.

'Runner' refers to an object here.

She is a famous marathon runner.

She is well-known for running long distances.

'Marathon' acts as a modifier.

The runners are ready to start.

The people in the race are prepared.

Plural subject.

I need a table runner for the party.

I want a long cloth for the table.

'Table runner' is a compound noun.

He is a fast runner, but he is tired.

He runs quickly, but he has no energy.

Contrast using 'but.'

The runner-up received a small trophy.

The second-place person got a prize.

'Runner-up' is the subject.

Are there many runners in your city?

Do many people run in your town?

Question with 'there are.'

The production runner brought coffee for the crew.

The assistant fetched drinks for the workers.

'Production runner' is a job title.

Strawberry plants spread by sending out runners.

Strawberries grow new plants using long stems.

'Runners' refers to plant parts.

The front-runner in the election is very popular.

The person leading the vote has many fans.

'Front-runner' is a metaphorical term.

He decided to do a runner to avoid the bill.

He left quickly without paying.

'Do a runner' is an idiom.

The drawer runners are broken and need fixing.

The tracks for the drawer are not working.

'Drawer runners' refers to mechanical parts.

She is a dedicated trail runner who loves the mountains.

She runs on dirt paths in nature.

'Trail runner' specifies the type of running.

The food runner delivered the hot plates to our table.

The person from the kitchen brought our food.

'Food runner' is a specific role.

The runners-up were all given certificates of participation.

The people who didn't win got papers.

Correct pluralization of 'runners-up.'

The political front-runner faced tough questions during the debate.

The leading candidate had to answer hard things.

'Front-runner' used in a political context.

The sled's runners were polished to ensure maximum speed.

The bottom parts of the sled were made smooth.

'Runners' refers to the sliding part.

As a runner for the law firm, he delivered important documents.

As an assistant, he took papers to other places.

'Runner' as a professional role.

The invasive weed spreads rapidly via underground runners.

The bad plant grows fast using hidden stems.

Technical botanical usage.

The marathon runner hit 'the wall' at the twenty-mile mark.

The runner became very exhausted late in the race.

Use of the idiom 'hit the wall.'

The staircase runner was made of high-quality wool.

The long rug on the stairs was expensive material.

'Staircase runner' is a compound noun.

The film's production runner was promoted to assistant director.

The entry-level worker got a better job.

Passive voice 'was promoted.'

They are the front-runners in the race to develop a new vaccine.

They are leading the work to make a new medicine.

Metaphorical use in science/business.

The runner's high is a state of euphoria experienced by some athletes.

A feeling of great happiness after running.

'Runner's high' is a specific psychological term.

The intricate runners of the spider plant cascaded from the ceiling.

The long stems of the plant hung down beautifully.

Descriptive use of 'runners.'

The blade runners of the ice skates were honed to a razor's edge.

The metal parts of the skates were made very sharp.

Technical and descriptive.

He was a runner for a notorious gang in his youth.

He delivered illegal things for a group of criminals.

'Runner' in a criminal context (courier).

The runners-up in the architectural competition were highly commended.

The second-place designers were praised.

Formal and professional context.

The table runner complemented the minimalist aesthetic of the room.

The long cloth matched the simple style of the house.

Advanced vocabulary like 'minimalist aesthetic.'

The front-runner's lead narrowed as the scandal broke.

The leader's advantage became smaller after bad news.

Abstract use of 'lead' and 'narrowed.'

The runners of the drawer were misaligned, causing it to jam.

The tracks were not straight, so it wouldn't open.

Technical problem description.

The runners of the sled hissed as they carved through the crystalline snow.

The metal parts made a sound on the cold snow.

Evocative, literary description.

The botanical term 'stolon' is often colloquially referred to as a runner.

Scientists call it a stolon, but people say runner.

Academic and linguistic comparison.

The front-runner's hubris eventually led to their downfall in the polls.

The leader's overconfidence caused them to lose.

Use of advanced vocabulary like 'hubris.'

The production runner's role, though seemingly menial, is the lifeblood of the set.

The assistant's job is very important even if it looks easy.

Complex sentence with 'though' and 'lifeblood.'

The runners-up's contributions were pivotal to the project's overall success.

The second-place people were very important.

Possessive plural 'runners-up's.'

The runner's gait was analyzed by the sports scientists for efficiency.

The way the person runs was studied by experts.

Technical term 'gait.'

The runners of the curtains allowed them to glide silently across the rail.

The parts that hold the curtains moved quietly.

Specific mechanical usage.

In the high-stakes world of finance, he started as a runner on the trading floor.

In big business, his first job was delivering messages.

Historical/professional context.

よく使う組み合わせ

marathon runner

front runner

carpet runner

strawberry runner

production runner

long-distance runner

table runner

food runner

blade runner

amateur runner

よく使うフレーズ

runner-up

— The person or team that finishes in second place in a competition.

She was the runner-up in the tennis tournament.

road runner

— A person who runs on roads or a type of fast-running bird.

The road runner sped past the desert bushes.

stair runner

— A narrow rug that covers the middle of a set of stairs.

The wooden stairs were covered with a thick wool runner.

base runner

— In baseball, a player who is currently on one of the bases.

The base runner waited for the signal to steal second base.

record-breaking runner

— A runner who sets a new fastest time.

The record-breaking runner was celebrated by the whole country.

cross-country runner

— A person who runs races over open countryside rather than on a track.

The cross-country runner enjoyed the challenge of the muddy hills.

office runner

— A person who performs errands and deliveries within an office.

The office runner was busy all day with various tasks.

hallway runner

— A long rug designed for a hallway.

The hallway runner muffled the sound of footsteps.

professional runner

— Someone who is paid to run in competitions.

The professional runner has several corporate sponsors.

elite runner

— A runner at the highest level of competition.

The elite runner trained for several hours every day.

よく混同される語

runner vs running

'Running' is the action; 'runner' is the person.

runner vs jogger

A jogger is usually slower and less competitive than a runner.

runner vs racer

A racer is specifically in a competition; a runner might just be exercising.

慣用句と表現

"front-runner"

— The person or thing that is leading a race or competition.

She is the front-runner for the promotion.

general

"runner-up"

— The person who finishes second.

He was the runner-up in the competition.

general

"do a runner"

— To leave a place quickly, often to avoid paying or getting in trouble.

They did a runner when the police arrived.

informal

"runner's high"

— A feeling of euphoria experienced after intense exercise.

After ten miles, she finally felt the runner's high.

general

"in the running"

— Having a chance of winning or being chosen.

He is still in the running for the job.

general

"out of the running"

— Having no chance of winning or being chosen.

After the scandal, she was out of the running for the award.

general

"run a tight ship"

— To control a business or organization very strictly (related to the verb, but often associated with the 'runner' of the ship).

The manager runs a tight ship.

general

"run circles around"

— To be much better or faster than someone else.

The new runner can run circles around the rest of the team.

informal

"run its course"

— To develop and finish naturally.

The runner's injury will have to run its course.

general

"run of the mill"

— Ordinary and not special.

He is just a run-of-the-mill runner, nothing special.

informal

間違えやすい

runner vs running

Both come from 'run.'

'Running' is a verb or gerund; 'runner' is a noun.

I like running (action). I am a runner (person).

runner vs jogger

Both involve running.

Jogging is slower and more casual.

The jogger went for a slow mile.

runner vs racer

Both are in races.

A racer can be in a car, on a bike, or on foot.

The car racer drove fast.

runner vs stolon

It is the same thing as a plant runner.

'Stolon' is the scientific term.

The stolon grew along the ground.

runner vs carpet

A runner is a type of carpet.

A runner is specifically long and narrow.

The carpet covered the whole room.

文型パターン

The [noun] is a [adjective] runner.

The boy is a fast runner.

He was the runner-up in the [event].

He was the runner-up in the school race.

She is a [type] runner who [action].

She is a trail runner who loves nature.

The [object] runners need to be [action].

The drawer runners need to be fixed.

The front-runner for the [position] is [description].

The front-runner for the job is very experienced.

Despite being the runner-up, their [attribute] was [adjective].

Despite being the runner-up, their performance was exemplary.

[Plant] spread by sending out runners.

Strawberries spread by sending out runners.

The [location] runner adds [quality] to the room.

The hallway runner adds warmth to the room.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Very common in everyday English.

よくある間違い

He is a fast running. → He is a fast runner.
'Running' is the action (verb/gerund), while 'runner' is the person (noun). Use the noun to describe the person.
The runner-ups were happy. → The runners-up were happy.
In compound nouns like this, you pluralize the main noun, which is 'runner.'
I bought a square runner for the room. → I bought a square rug for the room.
A 'runner' must be long and narrow. If it's square, it's just a rug or carpet.
The plant has many branches. → The plant has many runners.
In botany, a horizontal stem that takes root is specifically called a 'runner,' not a branch.
The front-runner of the company. → The leader of the company.
'Front-runner' is usually for a race or competition, not for a stable leadership position like a CEO.

ヒント

Distinguish Pace

Use 'runner' for someone serious about the sport and 'jogger' for someone more casual. This shows a better understanding of English nuances.

Pluralize Correctly

Always remember that the plural of 'runner-up' is 'runners-up.' This is a common test question and a sign of good grammar.

Home Decor

When shopping for rugs, use 'runner' to specify that you want a long, narrow one for a hallway. This helps sales staff understand exactly what you need.

Film Industry

If you're looking for a job in media, search for 'production runner' roles. It's the standard term for entry-level positions in the UK.

Gardening

Use the word 'runner' when talking about strawberry plants. It's the most common term gardeners use for those long stems.

Be Careful with Slang

Only use 'do a runner' in very informal situations. It's a strong term that implies someone is being dishonest.

Political Talk

Use 'front-runner' to describe the leader in any competition, not just a physical race. It's very common in news and business.

Fixing Things

If your drawer is stuck, check the 'runners.' Knowing this specific term helps when buying replacement parts at a hardware store.

Vary Your Words

Instead of saying 'the person who runs,' just say 'the runner.' It makes your writing more concise and professional.

Word Families

Connect 'runner' to 'run' and 'running' to build a stronger mental map of the word family. This helps with long-term memory.

暗記しよう

記憶術

A runner runs on a runner (rug) to get a runner (plant) for the runner (assistant).

視覚的連想

Imagine a person in running shoes running down a long hallway rug while holding a strawberry plant.

Word Web

athlete rug plant assistant sled skate messenger race

チャレンジ

Try to use the word 'runner' in three different ways in one paragraph.

語源

Derived from the Old English word 'rinnere,' which means 'one who runs.'

元の意味： A person or animal that runs.

Germanic

文化的な背景

No major sensitivities, but be aware of the informal 'do a runner' which implies dishonesty.

The term 'runner' is very common in sports, media, and home decor across the English-speaking world.

The movie 'Blade Runner' (though the meaning is specialized). The book 'The Kite Runner' by Khaled Hosseini. The 'Road Runner' cartoon character.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Sports

marathon runner
fast runner
elite runner
cross-country runner

Home Decor

hallway runner
table runner
stair runner
rug runner

Workplace

production runner
food runner
office runner
legal runner

Biology

strawberry runner
plant runner
stolon runner
underground runner

Mechanics

sled runners
drawer runners
skate runners
curtain runners

会話のきっかけ

"Are you a runner, or do you prefer other types of exercise?"

"What kind of runner would look best in this hallway?"

"Have you ever been a runner-up in a competition?"

"Do you know how to grow strawberries from runners?"

"What does a production runner actually do on a film set?"

日記のテーマ

Describe your experience as a runner or watching a race.

If you could be a front-runner in any field, what would it be?

Write about a time you were a runner-up and how you felt.

Describe the perfect runner for your dream home.

Imagine a day in the life of a film production runner.

よくある質問

10 問

A runner typically runs at a faster pace and may participate in competitive races, whereas a jogger usually runs at a slower, more leisurely pace for general health and fitness. The distinction is often based on intensity and intent. For example, someone training for a marathon is a runner, while someone who goes for a light 20-minute trot is a jogger.

Yes, 'runner' can refer to several objects. It can be a long, narrow rug for a hallway or stairs, a decorative cloth for a table, the blades on an ice skate or sled, or the tracks that allow a drawer to slide open and closed. The context of the sentence will tell you which one is being discussed.

A runner-up is the person or team that finishes in second place in a competition or race. They are the ones who almost won. For example, if you get the silver medal in the Olympics, you are the runner-up to the gold medalist.

The correct plural form is 'runners-up.' You pluralize the noun 'runner' rather than the preposition 'up.' This is a common rule for compound nouns where the first word is the primary noun. For example, 'My two brothers were the runners-up in the tournament.'

In film and television, a runner is an entry-level assistant who performs various small but essential tasks on a production set. This can include fetching coffee, delivering scripts, transporting equipment, or helping with crowd control. It is often the first job people have when starting a career in media.

In botany, a runner (or stolon) is a long, thin stem that grows horizontally along the ground. It takes root at certain points to produce new plants. Strawberries and spider plants are well-known examples of plants that reproduce using runners.

'To do a runner' is an informal British idiom meaning to leave a place quickly, usually to avoid paying for something (like a meal in a restaurant) or to escape from a difficult situation. It implies a bit of dishonesty or cowardice. For example, 'They ate a big meal and then did a runner.'

A front-runner is the person or thing that is currently leading a race or competition. It is often used metaphorically in politics to describe the candidate who is most likely to win, or in business to describe the leading product or company in a market.

Drawer runners are the metal or wooden tracks on the sides of a drawer and the inside of a cabinet that allow the drawer to slide in and out smoothly. If they are broken or dirty, the drawer might get stuck or be difficult to move.

Yes, 'runner' is generally considered a B1 level word because it has several common meanings that are useful in everyday life, from sports to home decor and professional roles. While the basic meaning (a person who runs) is A1, the other meanings are typical of the B1 level.

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