Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for 'it' in simple statements, but switch to 'have' when using 'does', 'don't', or modal verbs.
- Affirmative: Use 'has' with 'it' (e.g., It has a screen).
- Negative/Question: Use 'does/doesn't' + 'have' (e.g., Does it have a battery?).
- Modals: Use 'have' after words like 'will', 'might', or 'should' (e.g., It might have a bug).
Overview
have です。しかし、中級レベル（B1）に差し掛かっても、多くの日本人学習者を悩ませるのが it has と it have の使い分けです。結論から申し上げますと、標準的な英語において 正解は常に it has であり、it have という形は文法的に誤りです。it は「それ」を指す三人称単数の代名詞です。そのため、have の三人称単数現在形である has を使うのが絶対的なルールとなります。この概念をマスターすることは、単にテストで正解するためだけではなく、ビジネスや日常会話で「信頼される、自然な英語」を話すための第一歩となります。本稿では、なぜ it has なのか、どのような場面で使われるのか、そして日本人が間違いやすいポイントを徹底的に解説します。I（一人称）、you（二人称）、または we, they（複数形）のときは動詞の原形（または原形と同じ形）を使いますが、主語が he, she, it（三人称単数）のときだけ、動詞の末尾に -s や -es を付けます。これを「三単現のs」と呼びます。have は非常に歴史の古い動詞であり、不規則な変化を遂げた単語です。本来であれば haves となるところが、長い歴史の中で短縮され、現在の has という形になりました。これは do が does に、be が is になるのと同様、英語における最も基本的な「不規則変化」の一つです。it has が使われる主な役割は、大きく分けて以下の3つです。- 1所有や所持を表す: その物体や組織が何かを持っている状態を示します。
The smartphone has a high-quality camera.（そのスマホは高性能なカメラを持っている。）
- 1特徴や構成要素を表す: そのものがどのような性質やパーツを備えているかを説明します。
This plan has several advantages.（この計画にはいくつかの利点がある。）
- 1現在完了形を作る助動詞:
has+過去分詞の形で、過去から現在につながる動きを表します。
It has been raining since morning.（朝からずっと雨が降っている。）
has は「持っている」という意味ではなく、文法的な機能を果たす「助動詞」として働いていますが、主語が it である以上、必ず has を選ばなければなりません。it と have/has の組み合わせを整理しましょう。特に否定文と疑問文では、助動詞 does が登場するため、メインの動詞が have（原形）に戻るという点に注意が必要です。it の場合、動詞は必ず has になります。I have a meeting. |It has a unique design. |does not (doesn't) を使います。ここで重要なのは、「三単現のs」の役割は does が引き受けるため、後ろに続く動詞は have（原形）に戻る という点です。It doesn't has とは言いません。I don't have time. |It doesn't have a battery. |Does を置き、メインの動詞は have を使います。Do you have a pen? |Does it have a warranty? |has になり、否定・疑問では does の助けを借りて have に戻る」というパターンをセットで覚えることが、ミスを減らす近道です。it has は、日常生活からビジネスシーンまで、極めて広範囲で使用されます。具体的なシチュエーションを見てみましょう。- 製品やテクノロジーの説明（IT・製造業）
it（その製品）を主語にして has を使います。This app is very useful. It has a built-in translator.（このアプリはとても便利です。翻訳機能が内蔵されています。）Does it have a water-resistant feature?（それには防水機能が付いていますか？）
- ビジネス上の状況報告（オフィス）
it で受けて説明します。The project is on track. It has the full support of the board.（プロジェクトは順調です。取締役会の全面的な支持を得ています。）It has been a busy quarter for our team.（私たちのチームにとって、今四半期はずっと忙しい状態が続いています。）
- 天気や時間の表現（日常会話）
it を使います。これらは常に三人称単数扱いとなります。It has gotten much warmer lately.（最近、ずいぶん暖かくなってきましたね。）It has been three years since I moved to Tokyo.（東京に引っ越してから3年になります。）
- レストランやサービス（旅行・接客）
This soup is delicious. It has a hint of ginger.（このスープは美味しいです。隠し味にショウガが入っていますね。）Does the room have a view of the ocean?（その部屋から海は見えますか？）
it has を間違えてしまう背景には、日本語特有の思考回路が影響しています。代表的な3つのミスを分析しましょう。have を使ってしまう（過剰一般化）I have, You have を徹底的に叩き込まれます。その結果、「持っている＝have」という強い結びつきが脳内にできあがってしまい、主語が it に変わっても反射的に have と言ってしまうのです。- 間違い:
My computer is old. It have some problems. - 正解:
My computer is old. It has some problems. - 理由: 日本語には主語による動詞の変化がないため、意識的に「主語が
itだからhasに切り替えよう」というスイッチを脳内に作る必要があります。
Do it have?Do you have? というフレーズがあまりにも有名なため、主語だけを入れ替えて Do it have? と言ってしまうケースです。- 間違い:
Do it have a charger? - 正解:
Does it have a charger? - 理由: 英語の疑問文では、まず「主語が何か」を瞬時に判断し、
DoかDoesかを選択しなければなりません。これは日本語には存在しないステップであるため、慣れが必要です。
It's を全て It is だと思い込むIt has を It's と短縮することがよくあります（特に現在完了形の場合）。これを It is の短縮形だと勘違いしてしまうと、文法構造が見えなくなります。- 例:
It's been a long time. - 分析: これは
It is beenではなく、It has beenの短縮形です。後ろにbeen（過去分詞）が来ていることから、このsはhasであると判断できます。
It has... と There is/are... の使い分けです。日本語ではどちらも「〜がある」と訳せてしまうため、混同が起こります。It has a lot of sugar.（それ（その飲み物）には砂糖がたくさん入っている。） |There is a lot of sugar on the table.（テーブルの上に砂糖がたくさん（こぼれて）ある。） |It is sweet.（それは甘い。） |In this town has many parks. と言ってしまいがちです。しかし、英語では主語が必要です。この場合は、This town has many parks.（この町は、多くの公園を「持っている」）There are many parks in this town.（この町には、多くの公園が「存在している」）
In this town は場所を表す言葉であり、主語にはなれないという点に注意してください。it have が正しいとされる例外は本当にないのですか？that 節内では、主語に関わらず動詞の原形が使われます。例えば、It is essential that the device have a backup power source.（その装置が予備電源を備えていることが不可欠だ）という文では have が使われます。しかし、これは非常にフォーマルな書き言葉や、法的な文書で見られる表現です。B1レベルの日常会話やビジネス英語では、まずは it has を完璧に使いこなすことを優先してください。its と it's と it has はどう見分ければいいですか？its: 「それの」という所有格の形容詞。後ろに名詞が来ます。Its color is blue.（それの色は青だ）it's:it isまたはit hasの短縮形。後ろに形容詞、名詞、または動詞の-ing/過去分詞が来ます。It's (It is) cold./It's (It has) finished.
it 以外の三人称単数でも同じルールですか？he, she はもちろんのこと、The company, My boss, The weather, This information など、単数の一つのものや人を指す主語はすべて has を使います。英語では「自分と相手（I と You）以外の単一のもの」をすべて一つのグループとして捉える感覚が大切です。it has を正しく使うことは、英語の「型」を身につけるための試金石です。最初は頭で「主語は it だから...」と考えてから言葉にするため、少し時間がかかるかもしれません。しかし、何度も口に出して練習することで、スポーツのフォームのように無意識に it の後には has が続くようになります。間違えても大丈夫です。間違いに気づくたびに修正していく「努力（努力）」こそが、あなたの英語をより自然で洗練されたものへと導いてくれます。頑張りましょう！Present Simple Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He / She
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does he/she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
It has (Perfect)
|
It's
|
Only for 'It has been/done'
|
|
It has (Possession)
|
None
|
Cannot contract possession
|
|
It does not
|
It doesn't
|
Very common in speech
|
|
It will have
|
It'll have
|
Future tense
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' changes to 'has' when the subject is 'it' (third-person singular) in the present simple tense to show possession, characteristics, or states.
Possession or Ownership
To indicate that an inanimate object or animal owns or contains something.
“The house has three bedrooms.”
“It has a beautiful garden in the back.”
Present Perfect Auxiliary
Using 'has' as a helping verb to form the present perfect tense for actions that started in the past.
“It has been raining all morning.”
“It has already started.”
Necessity (Have to)
Expressing that something is required or mandatory.
“It has to be finished by Friday.”
“Does it have to be this expensive?”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 正しい動詞 | 正しい例文 | 間違いやすい例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
It
|
has
|
It has a blue light.
|
It have a blue light.
|
|
He
|
has
|
He has a good idea.
|
He have a good idea.
|
|
She
|
has
|
She has a new job.
|
She have a new job.
|
|
I
|
have
|
I have a ticket.
|
I has a ticket.
|
|
You
|
have
|
You have time.
|
You has time.
|
|
We
|
have
|
We have a plan.
|
We has a plan.
|
|
They
|
have
|
They have the same car.
|
They has the same car.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The mobile device possesses a high-resolution camera. (Tech description)
The phone has a camera. (Tech description)
It's got a camera. (Tech description)
It packs a sick cam. (Tech description)
主語と動詞の一致：HAVE vs. HAS
HAVEを使う場合...
- I I have an idea.
- You You have a car.
- We We have a dog.
- They They have class.
HASを使う場合...
- He He has a bike.
- She She has a cat.
- It It has a problem.
It Has vs. It Have
Has と Have の選び方
主語は He, She, It のどれか？
主語は I, You, We, They のどれか？
'It has' を使う場面
物
- • The phone `has` a big screen.
動物
- • The cat `has` soft fur.
考え・概念
- • The plan `has` one problem.
場所
- • The building `has` a gym.
レベル別の例文
It has a big window.
It has a big window.
Does it have a name?
Does it have a name?
It has four legs.
It has four legs.
It doesn't have a tail.
It doesn't have a tail.
The phone has a very long battery life.
The phone has a very long battery life.
It has been a very cold winter.
It has been a very cold winter.
Does your car have air conditioning?
Does your car have air conditioning?
It has to be ready by 5 PM.
It has to be ready by 5 PM.
It has already been decided by the board.
It has already been decided by the board.
The software has several features you might like.
The software has several features you might like.
It doesn't have much impact on the final result.
It doesn't have much impact on the final result.
It might have a loose connection inside.
It might have a loose connection inside.
It has been argued that technology isolates us.
It has been argued that technology isolates us.
The project has yet to receive full funding.
The project has yet to receive full funding.
It has a tendency to overheat during heavy use.
It has a tendency to overheat during heavy use.
Does it have any bearing on our current situation?
Does it have any bearing on our current situation?
It has long been a mystery why the civilization collapsed.
It has long been a mystery why the civilization collapsed.
The theory has its roots in 19th-century philosophy.
The theory has its roots in 19th-century philosophy.
It has a certain 'je ne sais quoi' that makes it unique.
It has a certain 'je ne sais quoi' that makes it unique.
Should it have been necessary, we would have intervened.
Should it have been necessary, we would have intervened.
It has been posited that the universe is a hologram.
It has been posited that the universe is a hologram.
The manuscript has survived despite centuries of neglect.
The manuscript has survived despite centuries of neglect.
It has a profound resonance within the local community.
It has a profound resonance within the local community.
It has but one purpose: to ensure total compliance.
It has but one purpose: to ensure total compliance.
間違えやすい
Learners mix up 'it is/has' (it's) with the possessive 'its'.
Both mean possession, but 'have got' is more informal and common in the UK.
Learners use 'It has' to say something exists in a place.
よくある間違い
It have a red color.
It has a red color.
Does it has a battery?
Does it have a battery?
It don't has time.
It doesn't have time.
The dog have a bone.
The dog has a bone.
It's has been raining.
It has been raining.
It might has a problem.
It might have a problem.
The company have many employees.
The company has many employees.
If it have enough power, it will work.
If it has enough power, it will work.
It has to having a reason.
It has to have a reason.
The data have shown a trend.
The data has shown a trend.
It is important that it has a backup.
It is important that it have a backup.
文型パターン
It has a ___ and a ___.
Does it have ___?
It has been ___ since ___.
It doesn't have to be ___.
Real World Usage
My new phone has such a good camera!
This role has many responsibilities that I am excited about.
Does it have any dairy in it?
It has a blue light flashing on the front.
Does the room have a view of the ocean?
It has been raining for three days straight.
It を He や She に置き換えてみて
He have とは言わないよね？だから It has が正解だよ。疑問文と否定文のワナに注意！
Does it have a battery?
It's got でネイティブっぽく！
よくある間違いだから大丈夫
It has が言えると一気に上級者だよ。Smart Tips
Think of 'doesn't' as a magnet that pulls the 's' away from 'has', leaving only 'have'.
Treat the company as a single 'it'.
Always use 'have'. Modals are 'conjugation killers'—they stop any other verb from changing.
Check if it's followed by a verb (like 'been' or 'done'). If it is, it means 'It has'.
発音
The 'z' sound in 'has'
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Contraction 'It's'
When 'it has' becomes 'it's', the 's' sounds like a 'ts' or 'z' depending on the next word.
Emphasis on 'Has'
It HAS a screen! (Rising on HAS)
Used to correct someone who thinks it doesn't have one.
暗記しよう
記憶術
He, She, It — the 'S' must sit! (Has ends in S, just like He, She, and It need).
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant letter 'S' sitting on top of a car (It). The 'S' is only there when the car is parked (Affirmative). When the car starts moving (Does/Might), the 'S' flies off!
Rhyme
When it's 'it', 'has' is the fit. But with 'does', 'have' is the buzz!
Story
A robot named 'IT' lives in a house. When he is happy (Affirmative), he says 'I HAS a house'. But when his boss 'DOES' comes to visit, IT gets nervous and says 'I don't HAVE a house' because the boss takes his 'S'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Pick 5 objects and say one thing each 'has' (e.g., 'The lamp has a bulb'). Then turn those into questions ('Does the lamp have a bulb?').
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'It has got' instead of just 'It has' for possession.
Americans prefer the simple 'It has' or the informal 'It's got'. In questions, 'Does it have' is standard.
In this dialect, 'It have' or 'It got' may be used in affirmative statements where standard English requires 'It has'.
The verb 'have' comes from the Old English 'habban'. The 'has' form evolved from 'haveth'.
会話のきっかけ
Does your favorite app have a dark mode?
What features does your dream house have?
Has it been difficult to learn English lately?
Does your country have a lot of natural resources?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
The new app is very useful. It ___ a feature for tracking expenses.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
Do the hotel room have a balcony?
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesThe laptop ___ a very fast processor.
Does the hotel ___ a gym?
Find and fix the mistake:
It doesn't has enough memory.
It has a built-in speaker.
It ___ been a pleasure meeting you.
The package might ___ arrived by now.
1. It, 2. They, 3. Does it, 4. It might
'The committee has decided to move forward.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMy computer is running slow. I think it ___ a virus.
Excuse me, ___ this sandwich contain nuts? It doesn't say on the label.
正しい否定文を選んでね：
The idea sound good, but it have one major flaw.
単語を並べ替えて疑問文を作ってね：
The team's plan is risky. It ___ a very low chance of success.
英語に訳してね： 'そのビルにはプールがありません。'
主語と正しいフレーズを組み合わせてね：
This new phone is cool, it's got a better camera and it have more storage.
正しい疑問文はどれ？
Yesterday, the system was down. It ___ a major software failure.
単語を並べ替えて否定文を作ってね：
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, but only after an auxiliary verb like `does`, `did`, `will`, `might`, `should`, or `can`. For example: 'It might have a problem.'
No, 'it's' can also be a contraction for 'it has' in the present perfect tense (e.g., 'It's been fun'). However, it is never used for possession.
This is common in some dialects and informal speech, but in standard English and on exams, you must use 'It doesn't have'.
In modern English, 'data' is usually treated as a singular mass noun (it), so 'The data has shown' is very common and correct.
Words like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are singular, so they also use 'has'. Example: 'Everyone has a phone.'
No, in the past tense, both 'have' and 'has' become 'had'. Example: 'It had a scratch.'
This is very old-fashioned. In modern English, we almost always say 'Does it have a battery?'
In American English, 'The team has' is standard. In British English, both are used, but 'The team have' is very common.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
tiene / ha
Spanish doesn't use auxiliary verbs like 'do' for questions, so the verb doesn't change back to a base form.
a
French doesn't have an equivalent to 'it' for objects; everything is 'he' or 'she'.
hat
German word order changes in questions, but the verb form 'hat' remains.
あります (arimasu)
There is no subject-verb agreement in Japanese.
عنده (indahu)
Arabic doesn't have a single verb 'to have' that conjugates like English.
有 (yǒu)
Learners must remember to add the 's' sound in English because it doesn't exist in Chinese grammar.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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