It-has vs. It-have: 차이점은 무엇인가요?
항상 has.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'has' for 'it' in simple statements, but switch to 'have' when using 'does', 'don't', or modal verbs.
- Affirmative: Use 'has' with 'it' (e.g., It has a screen).
- Negative/Question: Use 'does/doesn't' + 'have' (e.g., Does it have a battery?).
- Modals: Use 'have' after words like 'will', 'might', or 'should' (e.g., It might have a bug).
Overview
it has와 it have 사이에서의 고민은 중급(B1) 단계의 학습자들에게도 종종 발생하는 문제입니다. 결론부터 말씀드리면, 표준 영어에서 주어가 it일 때 동사는 반드시 has를 사용해야 합니다. 즉, it has가 정답이며 it have는 문법적으로 틀린 표현입니다.it은 3인칭 단수 대명사입니다. 영어 문법의 대원칙 중 하나는 '현재 시제에서 주어가 3인칭 단수(he, she, it)일 때, 동사 뒤에 -s나 -es를 붙인다'는 것입니다. have 동사는 이 규칙을 따르되 형태가 조금 불규칙하게 변하여 haves가 아닌 has가 되는 것이죠.it has가 왜 쓰이는지, 그리고 실전 상황에서 어떻게 자연스럽게 활용할 수 있는지 깊이 있게 살펴보겠습니다.it has가 작동하는 원리를 이해하기 위해서는 먼저 '3인칭 단수'라는 개념을 명확히 잡아야 합니다. 영어에서 1인칭은 '나(I)', 2인칭은 '너(you)', 그리고 이 둘을 제외한 세상의 모든 하나(단수)는 3인칭 단수입니다. it은 사람이 아닌 사물, 동물, 장소, 상황 등을 가리키는 대표적인 3인칭 단수 주어입니다.have |have |has |have |it이 주어가 되는 순간 have가 has로 변신합니다. 이것을 '동사의 일치'라고 부릅니다.have 동사는 크게 세 가지 역할을 수행하며, 이 모든 경우에 주어가 it이라면 has를 사용합니다.- 1소유와 소속: 어떤 물건이나 특징을 가지고 있음을 나타냅니다.
The smartphone has a great camera.(그 스마트폰은 훌륭한 카메라를 가지고 있다.)
- 1특징과 상태: 사물의 속성이나 상태를 설명합니다.
It has a very unique smell.(그것은 매우 독특한 냄새가 난다.)
- 1현재 완료 시제 (조동사 역할): 과거에 일어난 일이 현재까지 영향을 미칠 때
has + 과거분사(p.p.)형태로 쓰입니다.
It has been a long time.(시간이 꽤 흘렀다.)
it이라는 주어를 반드시 명시해야 하는 경우가 많습니다. 특히 날씨, 시간, 거리 등을 나타내는 '비인칭 주어 it'의 경우에도 문법적으로는 3인칭 단수 취급을 하므로 무조건 has와 짝을 이룹니다.it has를 문장에서 사용할 때 긍정문, 부정문, 의문문에서 각각 어떤 모양으로 변하는지 체계적으로 정리해 보겠습니다. 이 패턴을 입으로 익히는 것이 가장 중요합니다.it 바로 뒤에 has를 씁니다.- 구조:
Subject (It) + has + Object/Complement - 예시:
It has a battery problem.(그것은 배터리 문제가 있다.) - 예시:
The cafe is popular. It has a nice terrace.(그 카페는 인기가 많다. 멋진 테라스를 가지고 있다.)
does의 도움을 받습니다. 이때 주의할 점은 does not이 이미 3인칭 단수 표시를 해주었기 때문에, 뒤에 오는 has는 원래 모양인 have로 돌아간다는 것입니다.- 구조:
Subject (It) + does not (doesn't) + have + Object/Complement - 예시:
It doesn't have a screen protector.(그것은 화면 보호 필름이 없다.) - 예시:
The plan sounds good, but it doesn't have a clear goal.(그 계획은 좋게 들리지만, 명확한 목표가 없다.) - 주의:
It hasn't는 현재 완료 시제에서만 쓰이며, 일반적인 '가지고 있지 않다'는 의미일 때는doesn't have를 쓰는 것이 현대 영어에서 훨씬 자연스럽습니다.
does를 문장 맨 앞으로 보냅니다. 부정문과 마찬가지로 본동사는 have로 돌아갑니다.- 구조:
Does + Subject (It) + have + Object/Complement? - 예시:
Does it have a menu in Korean?(한국어 메뉴판이 있나요?) - 예시:
Does the laptop have a USB-C port?(그 노트북에 USB-C 포트가 있나요?)
It has→It's(주의:It is의 축약형과 모양이 같으므로 문맥으로 파악해야 합니다.)Does not→Doesn't
it has는 일상생활과 비즈니스 상황에서 정말 광범위하게 사용됩니다. 한국인 학습자들이 특히 자주 접하게 될 상황들을 중심으로 살펴보겠습니다.it has는 필수입니다.- «이 앱은 다크 모드 기능이 있어요.»
This app is great. It has a dark mode feature.- «새로 산 노트북은 배터리가 오래가요.»
My new laptop is amazing. It has a long battery life.
- «이 호텔은 수영장이 딸려 있어요.»
This hotel is expensive, but it has a beautiful swimming pool.- «우리 사무실은 전망이 정말 좋아요.»
I love my office. It has a stunning view of the Han River.
it과 함께 현재 완료 시제로 자주 쓰입니다.- «아침부터 계속 비가 오고 있어요.»
It has been raining since this morning.- «벌써 3년이나 지났네요.»
It has been three years already.
- «그 아이디어는 잠재력이 커요.»
The idea is interesting. It has a lot of potential.- «그 문제는 여러 가지 측면이 있습니다.»
The issue is complex. It has many different aspects.
it has를 사용할 때 가장 자주 범하는 실수 3가지를 꼽아보았습니다. 왜 이런 실수가 발생하는지 이해하면 교정하기가 훨씬 쉽습니다.It have...I have, You have, They have를 연습하다 보니, 모든 주어에 have를 붙이는 습관이 생기는 것이죠. 특히 문장이 길어지거나 주어와 동사 사이에 수식어가 들어갈 때 더 자주 발생합니다.- 잘못된 예:
The company that I work for have a flexible schedule. - 옳은 예:
The company that I work for has a flexible schedule. - 이유: 주어는
The company(it)이므로has가 와야 합니다.
Do it have?Do가 익숙하다 보니 Does 대신 Do를 쓰는 경우가 많습니다.- 잘못된 예:
Do it have a Wi-Fi? - 옳은 예:
Does it have Wi-Fi? - 이유: 3인칭 단수 주어의 의문문은 반드시
Does로 시작해야 합니다.
It's가 It is인지 It has인지 모를 때It's라는 모양만 보고 무조건 It is라고 생각하는 경향이 있습니다.It's a cat.(It is a cat - 그것은 고양이다.)It's been raining.(It has been raining - 비가 오고 있다.)- 구별법: 뒤에 명사나 형용사가 오면
is, 뒤에 과거분사(p.p.)가 오면has일 확률이 높습니다.
its와의 혼동its (그것의)와 it's (it has/is)를 혼동하여 쓰는 경우입니다. 글을 쓸 때 특히 주의해야 합니다.- 잘못된 예:
The dog wagged it's tail. - 옳은 예:
The dog wagged its tail.(그 개는 그것의 꼬리를 흔들었다.)
It has a red cover. | It is a red book. | They have red covers. |It doesn't have... | It isn't... | They don't have... |It has와 There is의 차이도 한국인들이 자주 헷갈려 합니다.It has a parking lot.: (특정한 그 건물이나 장소가) 주차장을 가지고 있다는 소유의 의미.There is a parking lot.: (어딘가에) 주차장이 존재한다는 사실 자체를 강조.
it have가 문법적으로 맞는 경우가 아예 없나요?that 절에서는 쓰일 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, It is important that every room have a fire alarm. (모든 방에 화재 경보기가 있어야 한다는 것은 중요하다) 같은 문장이죠. 하지만 이는 매우 격식 있는 표현이며, 일상적인 B1 수준의 대화에서는 it has만 기억하셔도 충분합니다.It has를 줄여서 It's라고 할 때, 원어민들은 어떻게 구분하나요?It's 뒤에 done, been, gone 같은 과거분사가 오면 0.1초 만에 It has로 인식하고, blue, happy, a teacher 같은 형용사나 명사가 오면 It is로 인식합니다. 문맥(Context)이 가장 큰 힌트입니다.it이 아니라 this나 that일 때는 어떻게 되나요?this와 that 역시 3인칭 단수입니다. 따라서 it과 똑같이 has를 사용합니다. This has, That has라고 하면 됩니다. 반면 이것들의 복수형인 these와 those는 have를 사용합니다 (These have, Those have).it has는 아주 기초적인 규칙 같지만, 영어를 외국어로 배우는 우리에게는 끊임없는 연습이 필요한 부분입니다. 카페에서 커피를 주문할 때 Does it have caffeine?이라고 물어보거나, 새로 산 물건을 친구에게 자랑하며 It has so many functions!라고 말해보세요. 머리로 아는 문법이 입으로 나오는 순간, 여러분의 영어는 한 단계 더 성장할 것입니다. 쉽죠? 오늘 배운 내용을 카톡이나 업무용 메신저에서 바로 한 번 활용해 보세요!Present Simple Conjugation of 'To Have'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do I have?
|
|
You
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do you have?
|
|
He / She
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does he/she have?
|
|
It
|
has
|
doesn't have
|
Does it have?
|
|
We
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do we have?
|
|
They
|
have
|
don't have
|
Do they have?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
It has (Perfect)
|
It's
|
Only for 'It has been/done'
|
|
It has (Possession)
|
None
|
Cannot contract possession
|
|
It does not
|
It doesn't
|
Very common in speech
|
|
It will have
|
It'll have
|
Future tense
|
Meanings
The verb 'to have' changes to 'has' when the subject is 'it' (third-person singular) in the present simple tense to show possession, characteristics, or states.
Possession or Ownership
To indicate that an inanimate object or animal owns or contains something.
“The house has three bedrooms.”
“It has a beautiful garden in the back.”
Present Perfect Auxiliary
Using 'has' as a helping verb to form the present perfect tense for actions that started in the past.
“It has been raining all morning.”
“It has already started.”
Necessity (Have to)
Expressing that something is required or mandatory.
“It has to be finished by Friday.”
“Does it have to be this expensive?”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 올바른 동사 | 올바른 예문 | 틀린 예문 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
It
|
has
|
It `has` a blue light.
|
It `have` a blue light.
|
|
He
|
has
|
He `has` a good idea.
|
He `have` a good idea.
|
|
She
|
has
|
She `has` a new job.
|
She `have` a new job.
|
|
I
|
have
|
I `have` a ticket.
|
I `has` a ticket.
|
|
You
|
have
|
You `have` time.
|
You `has` a ticket.
|
|
We
|
have
|
We `have` a plan.
|
We `has` a plan.
|
|
They
|
have
|
They `have` the same car.
|
They `has` a car.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The mobile device possesses a high-resolution camera. (Tech description)
The phone has a camera. (Tech description)
It's got a camera. (Tech description)
It packs a sick cam. (Tech description)
주어-동사 일치: HAVE vs. HAS
HAVE를 사용하는 경우...
- I I have an idea.
- You You have a car.
- We We have a dog.
- They They have class.
HAS를 사용하는 경우...
- He He has a bike.
- She She has a cat.
- It It has a problem.
It Has vs. It Have 비교
'Has'와 'Have' 선택하기
주어가 He, She, It인가요?
주어가 I, You, We, They인가요?
'It has'를 사용하는 경우
사물
- • The phone `has` a big screen.
동물
- • The cat `has` soft fur.
아이디어/개념
- • The plan `has` one problem.
장소
- • The building `has` a gym.
수준별 예문
It has a big window.
It has a big window.
Does it have a name?
Does it have a name?
It has four legs.
It has four legs.
It doesn't have a tail.
It doesn't have a tail.
The phone has a very long battery life.
The phone has a very long battery life.
It has been a very cold winter.
It has been a very cold winter.
Does your car have air conditioning?
Does your car have air conditioning?
It has to be ready by 5 PM.
It has to be ready by 5 PM.
It has already been decided by the board.
It has already been decided by the board.
The software has several features you might like.
The software has several features you might like.
It doesn't have much impact on the final result.
It doesn't have much impact on the final result.
It might have a loose connection inside.
It might have a loose connection inside.
It has been argued that technology isolates us.
It has been argued that technology isolates us.
The project has yet to receive full funding.
The project has yet to receive full funding.
It has a tendency to overheat during heavy use.
It has a tendency to overheat during heavy use.
Does it have any bearing on our current situation?
Does it have any bearing on our current situation?
It has long been a mystery why the civilization collapsed.
It has long been a mystery why the civilization collapsed.
The theory has its roots in 19th-century philosophy.
The theory has its roots in 19th-century philosophy.
It has a certain 'je ne sais quoi' that makes it unique.
It has a certain 'je ne sais quoi' that makes it unique.
Should it have been necessary, we would have intervened.
Should it have been necessary, we would have intervened.
It has been posited that the universe is a hologram.
It has been posited that the universe is a hologram.
The manuscript has survived despite centuries of neglect.
The manuscript has survived despite centuries of neglect.
It has a profound resonance within the local community.
It has a profound resonance within the local community.
It has but one purpose: to ensure total compliance.
It has but one purpose: to ensure total compliance.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up 'it is/has' (it's) with the possessive 'its'.
Both mean possession, but 'have got' is more informal and common in the UK.
Learners use 'It has' to say something exists in a place.
자주 하는 실수
It have a red color.
It has a red color.
Does it has a battery?
Does it have a battery?
It don't has time.
It doesn't have time.
The dog have a bone.
The dog has a bone.
It's has been raining.
It has been raining.
It might has a problem.
It might have a problem.
The company have many employees.
The company has many employees.
If it have enough power, it will work.
If it has enough power, it will work.
It has to having a reason.
It has to have a reason.
The data have shown a trend.
The data has shown a trend.
It is important that it has a backup.
It is important that it have a backup.
문장 패턴
It has a ___ and a ___.
Does it have ___?
It has been ___ since ___.
It doesn't have to be ___.
Real World Usage
My new phone has such a good camera!
This role has many responsibilities that I am excited about.
Does it have any dairy in it?
It has a blue light flashing on the front.
Does the room have a view of the ocean?
It has been raining for three days straight.
'It'을 'He', 'She'와 연결해서 생각하기
He have나 She have라고 말하지 않듯이, It have도 쓰지 않아요.질문이나 부정문 만들 때 조심!
Does it have...? (O), Does it has...? (X)자연스럽게 말하고 싶다면 'It's got'을 써보세요
흔한 실수, 걱정 마세요!
Smart Tips
Think of 'doesn't' as a magnet that pulls the 's' away from 'has', leaving only 'have'.
Treat the company as a single 'it'.
Always use 'have'. Modals are 'conjugation killers'—they stop any other verb from changing.
Check if it's followed by a verb (like 'been' or 'done'). If it is, it means 'It has'.
발음
The 'z' sound in 'has'
The 's' in 'has' is pronounced like a 'z'.
Contraction 'It's'
When 'it has' becomes 'it's', the 's' sounds like a 'ts' or 'z' depending on the next word.
Emphasis on 'Has'
It HAS a screen! (Rising on HAS)
Used to correct someone who thinks it doesn't have one.
암기하기
기억법
He, She, It — the 'S' must sit! (Has ends in S, just like He, She, and It need).
시각적 연상
Imagine a giant letter 'S' sitting on top of a car (It). The 'S' is only there when the car is parked (Affirmative). When the car starts moving (Does/Might), the 'S' flies off!
Rhyme
When it's 'it', 'has' is the fit. But with 'does', 'have' is the buzz!
Story
A robot named 'IT' lives in a house. When he is happy (Affirmative), he says 'I HAS a house'. But when his boss 'DOES' comes to visit, IT gets nervous and says 'I don't HAVE a house' because the boss takes his 'S'.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room. Pick 5 objects and say one thing each 'has' (e.g., 'The lamp has a bulb'). Then turn those into questions ('Does the lamp have a bulb?').
문화 노트
British speakers often use 'It has got' instead of just 'It has' for possession.
Americans prefer the simple 'It has' or the informal 'It's got'. In questions, 'Does it have' is standard.
In this dialect, 'It have' or 'It got' may be used in affirmative statements where standard English requires 'It has'.
The verb 'have' comes from the Old English 'habban'. The 'has' form evolved from 'haveth'.
대화 시작하기
Does your favorite app have a dark mode?
What features does your dream house have?
Has it been difficult to learn English lately?
Does your country have a lot of natural resources?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The new app is very useful. It ___ a feature for tracking expenses.
It은 3인칭 단수 대명사이므로 단수 동사 형태인 has가 필요해요.Choose the correct sentence:
project는 단수이므로 it으로 바꿀 수 있어요. 따라서 올바른 문장은 It has a new deadline입니다.Find and fix the mistake:
Do the hotel room have a balcony?
the hotel room)에 대해 질문할 때는 조동사 Does를 사용해요. 주동사는 원래 형태인 have로 돌아온답니다.Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesThe laptop ___ a very fast processor.
Does the hotel ___ a gym?
Find and fix the mistake:
It doesn't has enough memory.
It has a built-in speaker.
It ___ been a pleasure meeting you.
The package might ___ arrived by now.
1. It, 2. They, 3. Does it, 4. It might
'The committee has decided to move forward.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMy computer is running slow. I think it ___ a virus.
Excuse me, ___ this sandwich contain nuts? It doesn't say on the label.
Choose the correct sentence:
The idea sound good, but it have one major flaw.
Arrange these words into a question:
The team's plan is risky. It ___ a very low chance of success.
Translate into English: 'El edificio no tiene piscina.'
Match the subjects with the correct verb phrase:
This new phone is cool, it's got a better camera and it have more storage.
Choose the correct question:
Yesterday, the system was down. It ___ a major software failure.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, but only after an auxiliary verb like `does`, `did`, `will`, `might`, `should`, or `can`. For example: 'It might have a problem.'
No, 'it's' can also be a contraction for 'it has' in the present perfect tense (e.g., 'It's been fun'). However, it is never used for possession.
This is common in some dialects and informal speech, but in standard English and on exams, you must use 'It doesn't have'.
In modern English, 'data' is usually treated as a singular mass noun (it), so 'The data has shown' is very common and correct.
Words like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are singular, so they also use 'has'. Example: 'Everyone has a phone.'
No, in the past tense, both 'have' and 'has' become 'had'. Example: 'It had a scratch.'
This is very old-fashioned. In modern English, we almost always say 'Does it have a battery?'
In American English, 'The team has' is standard. In British English, both are used, but 'The team have' is very common.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
tiene / ha
Spanish doesn't use auxiliary verbs like 'do' for questions, so the verb doesn't change back to a base form.
a
French doesn't have an equivalent to 'it' for objects; everything is 'he' or 'she'.
hat
German word order changes in questions, but the verb form 'hat' remains.
あります (arimasu)
There is no subject-verb agreement in Japanese.
عنده (indahu)
Arabic doesn't have a single verb 'to have' that conjugates like English.
有 (yǒu)
Learners must remember to add the 's' sound in English because it doesn't exist in Chinese grammar.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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