Chapter in 30 Seconds
Unlock the power of conversation by mastering questions, negations, and direct commands in Persian.
- Master simple yes/no questions and the 'na-' negation prefix.
- Identify and use key question words like 'ki', 'chi', and 'koja'.
- Formulate polite requests and direct commands for everyday interactions.
学べること
You’ve already nailed the basics – awesome job! Now, it’s time to truly elevate your conversations and interact like a local. In this chapter, you’ll learn exactly how to ask questions, how to say “no,” and even how to tell someone “do this!” or “give me that!” We’ll kick things off by showing you how to turn any statement into a simple “yes” or “no” question just by changing your intonation – it’s that easy! And to quickly say “no” to things, you’ll master the super handy ‘na-’ prefix. Then, we’ll dive into the magic question words: ‘Ki’ (Who), ‘Chi’ (What), and ‘Koja’ (Where). The cool part? You don’t rearrange the sentence; you just pop the question word right where its answer would naturally fit! Want to ask “How are you?” or “How do I do this?” The word ‘Chetor’ will become your best friend. But wait, there’s more! Ever wondered how to say “I don’t eat” or “She doesn’t go”? You’ll learn how to combine ‘ne-’ and ‘mī-’ with present tense verbs to negate actions, making your Persian sound incredibly natural. And finally, you’ll gain the power of giving commands! Whether you want to tell a friend “Come here!” or “Take this!”, we’ll teach you how to form immediate imperatives. You’ll even learn how to make polite, formal requests, like “Could you please open the door?” By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to confidently ask for information, clarify details in a shop, express your opinion, and give simple instructions. Imagine navigating conversations, asking for help, or even ordering at a café with ease. Ready to truly interact in Persian? Let’s do this!
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ペルシャ語での質問と否定（はい/いいえの質問と否定文）語尾を上げて聞くだけで質問になり、否定は
na-をつけるだけ。現在形ならnemi-を使うのがポイントです。 -
ペルシア語の疑問詞：誰、何、どこ (Ki, Chi, Koja)疑問詞を文の最初に持ってくる必要はありません。答えがくる場所にそのまま
kiやchiなどの単語を置くだけでOKです！ -
ペルシャ語で「どうやって」と聞く方法 (Chetor)動詞の前に
chetorを置くだけで、やり方や感想、体調を尋ねることができます。«چطور» は万能なツールです！ -
ペルシャ語の現在否定形：「いいえ」と言う方法 (ne-mī-)現在形の動詞を否定するには、動詞の前に «ne-mī-» を付けて、最後に正しい «語尾» を添えるだけです！
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ペルシャ語の命令と依頼：これをして！（命令形）現在語幹の前に
be-を付ければ命令形になります。丁寧にするなら語尾に-idを足すだけでOKですよ！
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Ask basic yes/no questions and negate statements using 'ne-mī-'.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Use 'ki', 'chi', 'koja', and 'chetor' to seek information.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Give simple instructions and requests in a shop or with friends.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
yes or no questions is incredibly easy: just raise your intonation at the end of a statement. For example, Shoma irāni hastid? (Are you Iranian?) uses the same words as Shoma irāni hastid. (You are Iranian.), but with a rising tone.no to a noun or adjective, you'll use the prefix na-. For instance, na-ḵeyr (no, not at all) or na-khub (not good).What is this?, you'd say In chi-st? (What is this?). If asking Where is he?, it's U koja-st? (Where is he?). For asking How?, the word Chetor (How) is your go-to. or She doesn't go," you'll master the Persian negative present tense using ne-mī-. This prefix combination attaches to the verb stem. For example, mī-ravam (I go) becomes ne-mī-ravam (I don't go), and mī-ḵoram (I eat) becomes ne-mī-ḵoram (I don't eat).Come!, you use the verb stem: Biyā! (Come!). For a polite request, you might add lotfan (please) and use the formal verb ending, or use specific polite imperative forms, like Lotfan biyaaid (Please come).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: In chi hast? (What is this?) - if the sentence structure is rearranged to put 'chi' at the beginning like in English.
- 1✗ Wrong: Man na mīḵoram. (I don't eat.)
- 1✗ Wrong: To boro! (You go!) - if used in a formal situation or to someone older.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do I ask a simple yes or no question in Persian grammar A2 without changing words?
You simply use a rising intonation at the end of a statement. For example, Shoma doktor hastid? (Are you a doctor?) is said with an upward inflection.
What's the easiest way to say no to a simple statement or noun in Persian?
For a simple no, you can use na. To negate a noun or adjective, you often use na- as a prefix, like in na-ḵeyr (no, not at all).
How do I form negative sentences for actions like "I don't go or She doesn't speak" in Persian?
You use the ne-mī- prefix attached to the present tense verb stem. For example, man ne-mī-ravam (I don't go) or u ne-mī-gooyad (She doesn't speak).
Are there different ways to give commands in Persian, depending on who I'm talking to?
Yes, absolutely! There are informal commands (e.g., biya! - Come!) for friends and family, and more polite, formal requests (e.g., lotfan biyaaid - Please come!) for strangers or elders, often using different verb endings or polite phrases.
Cultural Context
no can sometimes be softened; instead of a blunt na, phrases like mota'assef-am (I'm sorry) or explaining why are common.重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
眉毛を上げるのがコツ
要注意！Ki と Key の違い
Ki は、ペルシア語では「誰」という意味になります。「いつ」と言いたいときは Key なので、逆に覚えないように注意しましょう！ Ki in rā goft?
便利なショートカット
Chetor だけで文が成立することもあります。友達の新しい髪型を見て Chetore? と言えば「どう？」と伝わりますよ。«این عکس پروفایلم چطور شده؟»会話では短くするのがコツ！
nemīravam を nemīram と短く言うのが一般的です。nemīkhām のような音に慣れると、ぐっとネイティブっぽくなりますよ。重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
Ordering at a Cafe
Review Summary
- Statement + ? (rising intonation)
- Subject + [Q-word] + Verb
- Chetor + Verb
- ne- + mī- + verb root
- be- + verb root
よくある間違い
In Persian, the negative verb usually comes at the end of the sentence.
Persian question words often integrate with the verb or pronoun at the end.
The imperative verb should be placed at the end of the request.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You are doing great! Keep practicing these structures and they will become second nature.
Practice writing 5 negative sentences about your daily routine.
クイック練習 (9)
正しい文を選ぼう：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の現在否定形：「いいえ」と言う方法 (ne-mī-)
Find and fix the mistake:
این ماشین چطور کار کرد؟ (この車はどうやって動くの？)
kar kard ではなく現在形の kar mikone を使います。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語で「どうやって」と聞く方法 (Chetor)
Man na-mī-rav-am be madrase.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の現在否定形：「いいえ」と言う方法 (ne-mī-)
سلام علی، امروز ______؟
Chetori が定番のフレーズです。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語で「どうやって」と聞く方法 (Chetor)
英語: 'What is this?' -> ペルシア語: 'In kiye?'
Ki は人（誰）に使います。物（何）を聞くときは Chi を使うのが正解です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシア語の疑問詞：誰、何、どこ (Ki, Chi, Koja)
「誰」にあたる単語はどれ？
Ki が「誰」です。 Key は「いつ」なので、英語の音に惑わされないように！frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシア語の疑問詞：誰、何、どこ (Ki, Chi, Koja)
「映画はどうだった？」と聞く正しい方法は？
chetor は、動詞 bud（だった）の前に置くのがルールです。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語で「どうやって」と聞く方法 (Chetor)
Man ghahve ______.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の現在否定形：「いいえ」と言う方法 (ne-mī-)
___ miri? (どこに行くの？)
Kojā を使います。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシア語の疑問詞：誰、何、どこ (Ki, Chi, Koja)
Score: /9
よくある質問 (6)
To miāy? のように語尾を上げるだけで十分ですよ。Ne を使ったり、顎を少し上げて舌を鳴らす（チッという音）だけで「ノー」を表現することもあります。Na baba! と言うと「まさか！」というニュアンスになります。Chi は名詞の代わり（それは何？）として、 Che は形容詞のように名詞の前（何色？何の日？）で使われます。会話では Chi がよく使われます。Ali kojā mire?（アリはどこに行く？）のように、主語の後に置くのが一般的です。Akhar-e hafte chetor bud?と言えばOKで、とても自然な表現です。«چطور بود؟» は感想を聞く定番です。
