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غایب بودن

A2 verb #3,700 よく出る 10分で読める

غایب بودن

To not be present at a place or occasion; to be absent.

gha'eb boodan 上位3,700

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'ghayeb' as a simple adjective meaning 'not here'. You primarily use it to talk about school or family members who are missing from a meal or a small gathering. At this stage, focusing on the present tense 'ghayeb ast' (is absent) and the past tense 'ghayeb bud' (was absent) is sufficient. You might hear a teacher say 'Ali ghayeb ast?' and you should understand they are asking if Ali is in the room. The focus is on physical presence in immediate surroundings. You don't need to worry about complex grammar; just treat 'ghayeb' like any other adjective like 'khosh-hal' (happy) or 'narahat' (sad) that goes with the verb 'to be'. Practice simple sentences like 'Man emruz ghayeb nistam' (I am not absent today).

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'ghayeb budan' in more structured environments like the workplace or school. You should be able to provide simple reasons for absence using 'chon' (because). For example: 'Man ghayeb budam chon mariz budam' (I was absent because I was sick). You also start to use the future tense: 'Farda ghayeb khaham bud' (I will be absent tomorrow). You should understand the difference between 'ghayeb' (absent) and 'hazer' (present) and be able to respond to a roll call. You are also introduced to the concept of 'hozur va ghiyab' (attendance) as a noun phrase. You should be careful not to confuse 'ghayeb budan' with 'raftan' (to go) or other action verbs.

At the B1 level, you use 'ghayeb budan' in more diverse tenses, including the present perfect 'ghayeb bude ast' to describe a period of absence that has just concluded or still has relevance. You can use it in conditional sentences: 'Agar ghayeb bashi, nomre kam mikoni' (If you are absent, you will lose marks). You also start to use the word in abstract contexts, such as being absent from a social movement or a discussion. Your vocabulary expands to include synonyms like 'hozur nadashtan' for more formal situations. You should be able to write a short note or email explaining an absence using appropriate formal language. You also begin to recognize the word in news reports regarding parliamentary attendance.

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At the B2 level, you understand the nuances between 'ghayeb' and its more formal or legal counterparts. You can discuss the implications of absence in professional and legal contexts. For instance, you might use the term 'ghayeb-e gheyr-e mojah' (unexcused absence) in a work report. You are comfortable using the subjunctive mood in complex sentences: 'Mohem ast ke hichkas dar in jalase ghayeb nabashad' (It is important that no one be absent in this meeting). You can also use the word metaphorically, describing someone's 'absence' from a family's history or a cultural era. You understand the etymological roots of the word and how it relates to other Persian/Arabic words like 'ghayb' (the unseen).

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At the C1 level, you explore the philosophical and literary uses of 'ghayeb'. You can analyze classical Persian poetry where the 'absent beloved' is a central theme, though the word 'ghayeb' itself might be used in a specific theological or mystical sense. You are able to use the word in academic writing, perhaps discussing 'ghaybat-e farhangi' (cultural absence) or 'ghaybat-e zanan dar tarikh' (the absence of women in history). You can distinguish between 'ghayeb budan' and more obscure terms like 'makhfi' (hidden) or 'ghayeb-ol-hozar' (absent while present). Your usage is precise, and you can switch between registers effortlessly, using colloquial forms in speech and highly formal forms in writing.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'ghayeb budan' and all its related forms. You can discuss the Shia theological concept of 'Ghaybat' (The Occultation) with historical and linguistic precision. You understand the legal intricacies of 'ghayeb-e mafqud-ol-asar' in the Iranian civil code and can interpret legal documents involving this term. You can appreciate the wordplay in modern Persian literature where 'absence' is used as a powerful motif for social or political critique. Your command of the word allows you to use it in all possible grammatical structures, including archaic or highly stylized forms found in classical prose. You are also aware of regional variations in how the word might be used or replaced in other Persian-speaking areas like Tajikistan or Afghanistan.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

غایب بودن 30秒で

Used to describe being absent from school, work, or meetings.
A compound verb: Ghayeb (absent) + Budan (to be).
Formal to semi-formal register; very common in Iranian institutions.
Antonym is 'hazer budan' (to be present).

The Persian verb غایب بودن (ghayeb budan) is a fundamental compound verb used to describe the state of being absent, missing, or not present at a specific location or event where one was expected to be. In the Persian language, this term carries a formal to semi-formal weight, making it the standard choice for academic, professional, and official contexts. When a student is not in class, a soldier is not at their post, or a member of parliament is missing from a session, this is the precise verb employed. The word ghayeb itself is derived from the Arabic root relating to the 'unseen' or 'hidden,' which adds a layer of depth to its meaning—suggesting that the person exists but is simply out of view or away from the immediate vicinity.

Academic Context: In Iranian schools, the roll call process is known as 'hazero ghayeb' (present and absent). Teachers will call out names, and if a student is not there, the mark 'ghayeb' is placed next to their name in the 'daftar-e hozur va ghiyab' (attendance book).

دیروز علی در کلاس غایب بود چون بیمار شده بود.

Translation: Yesterday Ali was absent from class because he had become ill.

Beyond the physical absence from a room, the verb can also be used in more abstract or administrative ways. For instance, in legal terms, a 'ghayeb-e mafqud-ol-asar' refers to a person who is missing and whose whereabouts are completely unknown, often used in inheritance or marital law cases. This highlights that while the verb is simple at the A2 level, its roots extend into complex legal and philosophical domains in Persian culture. The usage of this verb is strictly as a state of being; it describes the 'condition' of absence rather than the 'act' of skipping, which would be ghaybat kardan.

Professional Usage: When writing a formal email to an employer, you would use this verb to explain why you will not be present. It sounds much more professional than saying you 'won't come'.

متأسفم که فردا در جلسه غایب خواهم بود.

Translation: I am sorry that I will be absent in the meeting tomorrow.

It is also worth noting the social implications. In Persian culture, being 'ghayeb' without a valid excuse (mojah) can be seen as a lack of respect or 'bi-enzebati' (lack of discipline). Therefore, the word is often accompanied by justifications or apologies. In literature, the concept of the 'absent' beloved is a recurring theme, though poets might use more lyrical synonyms like 'dur' (far) or 'penhan' (hidden), 'ghayeb' remains the functional term for physical non-presence.

Social Context: In casual conversation, if someone is missing from a party, friends might ask 'chera felani ghayeb ast?' (Why is so-and-so absent?), though they might also simply say 'chera naymade?' (Why hasn't he/she come?). 'Ghayeb' adds a touch of emphasis on the vacancy left by the person.

چند نفر امروز در اداره غایب هستند؟

Translation: How many people are absent in the office today?

او به دلیل بیماری یک هفته غایب بود.

Translation: He was absent for one week due to illness.

هیچ‌کس نباید در این مراسم غایب باشد.

Translation: No one should be absent in this ceremony.

Using غایب بودن correctly requires an understanding of how compound verbs function in Persian. The verb consists of the adjective 'ghayeb' (absent) and the auxiliary verb 'budan' (to be). Only the 'budan' part changes to indicate person, number, and tense. For example, 'I am absent' is ghayeb hastam, while 'They were absent' is ghayeb budand. It is important to remember that 'ghayeb' remains static regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural.

Present Tense: Use 'hastam, hasti, ast...' after 'ghayeb'. Note that in spoken Persian, 'ast' often becomes 'e'. Example: 'Sarah emruz ghayebe' (Sarah is absent today).

چرا امروز در کلاس غایب هستی؟

Translation: Why are you absent in class today?

In the past tense, you use the stems of 'budan' (budam, budi, bud, budim, budid, budand). This is the most common way to report on someone's missing status from a previous event. If you want to say someone 'has been absent' (Present Perfect), you would use 'ghayeb bude ast'. This is often used for ongoing situations or when the effect of the absence is still relevant.

Negative Construction: To say someone is NOT absent, you use 'nistam, nisti, nist...'. Example: 'Man ghayeb nistam, man inja hastam!' (I am not absent, I am here!).

او هیچ‌وقت در جلسات غایب نبوده است.

Translation: He has never been absent in meetings.

When using the future tense, the auxiliary 'khaham, khahi...' is used with the short infinitive 'shod' or the subjunctive 'bashad'. However, the most common way to express future absence is 'ghayeb khaham bud'. This is formal. In casual speech, people often use the present tense to refer to the future: 'Man farda ghayebam' (I am [will be] absent tomorrow).

Subjunctive Mood: When expressing a wish or a requirement, use 'ghayeb basham/bashi...'. Example: 'Nabayad ghayeb bashi' (You must not be absent).

اگر او فردا هم غایب باشد، اخراج می‌شود.

Translation: If he is absent tomorrow as well, he will be fired.

ما به خاطر برف در مدرسه غایب بودیم.

Translation: We were absent at school because of the snow.

چرا تمام شاگردان امروز غایب هستند؟

Translation: Why are all the students absent today?

You will encounter غایب بودن most frequently in institutional settings. In Iran, the educational system is quite rigid about attendance. Every morning in primary and secondary schools, a teacher or a class representative (monzer) performs the 'hozur-ghi-yab'. You will hear the teacher call a name, followed by the students responding 'hazer' (present). If there is silence, the teacher will state 'ghayeb' and mark the ledger. This ritual makes 'ghayeb' one of the first formal words any Iranian child learns and internalizes.

In the Workplace: In offices, managers might ask 'Kee emruz ghayebe?' (Who is absent today?). If a colleague is not at their desk, someone might explain 'Foulani be dalile bimari ghayebe' (So-and-so is absent due to illness).

مدیر پرسید: چرا منشی امروز غایب است؟

Translation: The manager asked: Why is the secretary absent today?

Another place you will hear this word is on the news or in political broadcasts. When the Islamic Consultative Assembly (the Iranian Parliament or Majlis) meets, the number of 'ghayebin' (the absent ones) is often announced to ensure there is a quorum for voting. News anchors might report: 'Emruz bist nafar dar majlis ghayeb budand' (Today twenty people were absent in the parliament). This highlights the word's role in formal governance and administrative transparency.

Military Service: For young men in Iran, military service is mandatory. Being 'ghayeb' from duty is a serious offense. You will hear terms like 'ghayeb-e sarbaz' (absent soldier) in discussions about conscription and legal status.

سربازانی که غایب هستند جریمه می‌شوند.

Translation: Soldiers who are absent are fined.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the phrase 'ghayeb budan' was frequently used in the media regarding remote learning. Discussions often centered on students who were 'ghayeb' from online classes due to lack of internet access. This modernized the usage of the word, moving it from physical classrooms to digital spaces. You might also hear it in sports commentary if a star player is missing from the lineup: 'Messi dar bazi-ye emshab ghayeb ast' (Messi is absent in tonight's game).

او به دلیل مصدومیت در مسابقه فینال غایب بود.

Translation: He was absent in the final match due to injury.

در لیست حضور و غیاب، نام او به عنوان غایب ثبت شد.

Translation: In the attendance list, his name was recorded as absent.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using غایب بودن is confusing it with the act of 'leaving' or 'going away'. 'Ghayeb budan' describes a state, not an action. If you want to say 'I am leaving', you should use miravam or tark mikonam. Using 'ghayeb mishavam' (I am becoming absent) is grammatically possible but sounds very strange in most contexts unless you are literally performing a magic trick and disappearing.

Confusion with 'Ghaybat Kardan': This is a major pitfall. While 'ghayeb budan' means to be absent, 'ghaybat kardan' means to gossip or backbite. Be very careful! If you say 'Man ghaybat kardam', people will think you were talking behind someone's back, not that you missed class.

اشتباه: من دیروز در کلاس غیبت کردم. (I gossiped in class yesterday.)

Correct: من دیروز در کلاس غایب بودم.

Another error involves the preposition. In English, we are 'absent FROM' somewhere. In Persian, the most natural preposition is 'dar' (in/at). Beginners often try to translate 'from' literally as 'az', saying 'ghayeb az kelas'. While 'az' can be used in certain poetic or specific literary structures, 'dar' is the standard for 99% of daily usage. Using 'az' often makes the sentence feel clunky or translated from English.

Agreement Errors: Learners sometimes try to pluralize 'ghayeb' to 'ghayeb-ha' when the subject is plural. This is incorrect. The adjective 'ghayeb' remains singular; only the verb 'budan' changes. Say 'Anha ghayeb budand', NOT 'Anha ghayeb-ha budand'.

اشتباه: آن‌ها در جلسه غایب‌ها بودند.

Correct: آن‌ها در جلسه غایب بودند.

Finally, don't confuse 'ghayeb' with 'gom-shode' (lost). 'Ghayeb' implies a known person who isn't where they should be. 'Gom-shode' implies you don't know where the person or object is at all. If a student is 'ghayeb', the teacher knows they exist but aren't in their chair. If a student is 'gom-shode', the police are likely involved. Using the wrong one can cause unnecessary alarm!

سعی کنید همیشه به موقع بیایید تا غایب نباشید.

Translation: Try to always come on time so you are not absent.

آیا می‌دانستی که او بدون اجازه غایب بوده است؟

Translation: Did you know that he has been absent without permission?

While غایب بودن is the most standard term for absence, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the register and the specific nuance you wish to convey. Understanding these can help you sound more like a native speaker and adapt to different social situations.

حضور نداشتن (Hozur nadashtan): This is the direct opposite of 'presence'. It is very formal and often used in official reports or polite speech. Instead of saying 'He was absent', you say 'He did not have presence'. It sounds more dignified.

متأسفانه ایشان در مراسم امروز حضور ندارند.

Translation: Unfortunately, they (honorable) do not have presence (are absent) in today's ceremony.

In casual everyday Persian, people often use the negative form of 'budan' (to be) or 'amadan' (to come) to describe absence. Saying 'Nist' (He/She isn't) or 'Naymade' (He/She hasn't come) is much more common in a home or friendly setting than the formal 'ghayeb ast'.

Comparison: Ghayeb vs. Nist: 'Ghayeb' is used when there's an official expectation (like school). 'Nist' is used when someone is just not there (like your brother not being in his room).

For more poetic or literary contexts, you might encounter words like 'door' (far), 'joda' (separated), or 'mahjur' (rejected/separated). These aren't used for missing a math class, but they describe the 'absence' of a loved one or a spiritual goal. In mystical Persian literature, the 'Ghayeb' is often the divine essence that is hidden from the physical eye.

کم‌رنگ بودن (Kam-rang budan): Literally 'to be pale' or 'to be faint'. Metaphorically, this is used when someone is technically present but not active or involved. It's a way of saying their presence is 'thin' or 'absent' in spirit.

نقش او در این پروژه بسیار کم‌رنگ بود.

Translation: His role in this project was very faint (he was largely absent from the work).

او به جای غایب بودن، تصمیم گرفت در جلسه شرکت کند.

Translation: Instead of being absent, he decided to participate in the meeting.

او همیشه حاضر است و هرگز غایب نمی‌شود.

Translation: He is always present and never becomes absent.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"جناب آقای احمدی در جلسه امروز غایب بودند."

ニュートラル

"مریم امروز در مدرسه غایب است."

カジュアル

"چرا دیروز غایب بودی؟ نگران شدیم."

Child friendly

"خرگوش کوچولو امروز در جنگل غایب بود."

スラング

"بازم که غایب‌بازی درآوردی و نیومدی!"

豆知識

In Persian, 'ghaybat' can mean both 'absence' and 'gossip'. The logic is that you gossip about someone who is 'absent'. This makes for some very confusing conversations for learners!

発音ガイド

UK /ʁɒːˈjeb buːˈdæn/

US /ɣɑːˈjeb buːˈdæn/

The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'ghayeb' (yeb) and the last syllable of 'budan' (dan).

韻が合う語

vājeb budan tāyeb budan nāyeb budan monāseb budan kāseb budan ghāleb budan jāleb budan vāred budan

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard 'g' like 'goat'. It should be more like the French 'r'.
Shortening the long 'a' in 'ghayeb'.
Confusing the 'y' sound in 'ghayeb' with a 'j' sound.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Failing to pronounce the 'n' clearly at the end of 'budan'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts. The Arabic spelling is distinct.

ライティング 3/5

Requires remembering the 'ghayn' and 'ye' placement.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'gh' sound is difficult for English speakers to master.

リスニング 2/5

Clearly audible in roll calls and formal speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

بودن (to be) مدرسه (school) امروز (today) دیروز (yesterday) چرا (why)

次に学ぶ

حاضر (present) اجازه (permission) بیماری (illness) جلسه (meeting) تأخیر (delay)

上級

غیبت صغری (Minor Occultation) حکم غیابی (In-absentia verdict) مفقودالاثر (Missing in action)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verb Conjugation

Only 'budan' changes: Ghayeb budam, Ghayeb budi...

Subjunctive with Modal Verbs

Nabayad ghayeb bashi (You shouldn't be absent).

Prepositional Usage

Usually takes 'dar' (in/at) for the location.

Negative Formation

Add 'na' or use 'nist': Ghayeb nabud, Ghayeb nist.

Present Perfect for Duration

Se ruz ast ke ghayeb bude ast.

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レベル別の例文

او امروز غایب است.

He is absent today.

Simple present tense using 'ast'.

من غایب نیستم.

I am not absent.

Negative form of 'hastam' (nistam).

آیا سارا غایب بود؟

Was Sarah absent?

Simple past tense question.

دو دانش‌آموز غایب هستند.

Two students are absent.

Plural subject with 'hastand'.

دیروز غایب بودم.

Yesterday I was absent.

First person singular past tense.

او هیچ‌وقت غایب نیست.

He is never absent.

Using 'hich-vaqt' (never) with the negative verb.

چرا غایب بودی؟

Why were you absent?

Informal second person past tense.

او در خانه غایب است.

He is absent from home.

Using 'dar' to specify location.

او به دلیل بیماری غایب بود.

He was absent due to illness.

Using 'be dalile' (due to) to give a reason.

فردا در جلسه غایب خواهم بود.

I will be absent in the meeting tomorrow.

Formal future tense.

نباید در کلاس غایب باشید.

You (plural) should not be absent in class.

Subjunctive mood after 'nabayad'.

او دیروز غایب بود چون سفر بود.

He was absent yesterday because he was on a trip.

Using 'chon' (because) to connect clauses.

آیا کسی امروز غایب است؟

Is anyone absent today?

Using 'kasi' (someone/anyone) in a question.

ما در جشن غایب بودیم.

We were absent at the party.

First person plural past tense.

نام او در لیست غایب‌ها بود.

His name was on the list of absentees.

Using 'ghayeb' as a noun/substantive.

اگر غایب باشی، معلم ناراحت می‌شود.

If you are absent, the teacher will get upset.

Conditional sentence using subjunctive 'bashi'.

او سه روز متوالی غایب بوده است.

He has been absent for three consecutive days.

Present perfect tense for ongoing/recent state.

ممکن است فردا به خاطر برف غایب باشیم.

It is possible that we will be absent tomorrow because of snow.

Subjunctive mood after 'momken ast'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد غایب باشد تا اینکه دروغ بگوید.

He prefers to be absent rather than tell a lie.

Using 'tarjih midahad' with subjunctive.

چرا در مراسم تدفین غایب بودید؟

Why were you absent at the funeral ceremony?

Specific cultural/social context.

او همیشه در لحظات سخت غایب است.

He is always absent during hard moments.

Metaphorical use for lack of support.

گزارش نشان می‌دهد که او غایب بوده است.

The report shows that he has been absent.

Reporting a state using present perfect.

او بدون اطلاع قبلی غایب بود.

He was absent without prior notice.

Using 'bedune ettela-e ghabli' (without prior notice).

تعداد غایبین در این دوره زیاد است.

The number of absentees in this course is high.

Using the plural noun 'ghayebin' (absentees).

اگر بیش از سه بار غایب باشید، حذف می‌شوید.

If you are absent more than three times, you will be dropped (from the course).

Academic regulation context.

او به عنوان غایب غیرموجه شناخته شد.

He was recognized as an unexcused absentee.

Using 'ghayeb-e gheyr-e mojah' (unexcused absent).

در این عکس، پدرم به دلیل سفر غایب است.

In this photo, my father is absent due to a trip.

Describing a state within a past record.

او نمی‌خواست در این بحث سیاسی غایب باشد.

He didn't want to be absent from this political discussion.

Using 'ghayeb budan' for participation.

بسیاری از نمایندگان در رأی‌گیری غایب بودند.

Many representatives were absent during the voting.

Political/Administrative context.

علت غایب بودن او هنوز مشخص نیست.

The reason for his being absent is still not clear.

Using 'ghayeb budan' as a gerund/noun phrase.

او در تمام مراحل پروژه غایب بوده است.

He has been absent in all stages of the project.

Present perfect for a long duration.

باید دلیلی برای غایب بودن خود ارائه دهید.

You must provide a reason for your absence.

Formal requirement context.

حتی وقتی حضور دارد، گویی غایب است.

Even when he is present, it is as if he is absent.

Philosophical use (absent-mindedness).

او از غایبین همیشه در صحنه است.

He is one of those absentees who is always on the scene (paradox).

Literary paradox/oxymoron.

غایب بودن او حفره‌ای بزرگ در قلب خانواده ایجاد کرد.

His being absent created a big hole in the heart of the family.

Emotional/Metaphorical usage.

در متون کلاسیک، غایب به معنای پنهان از نظر است.

In classical texts, 'ghayeb' means hidden from sight.

Linguistic/Historical analysis.

او به جرم غیبت از خدمت سربازی دستگیر شد.

He was arrested for the crime of absence from military service.

Legal/Military context.

چرا وجدان در این تصمیم‌گیری غایب بود؟

Why was conscience absent in this decision-making?

Abstract/Moral usage.

او از غایبین بزرگ تاریخ علم است.

He is one of the great absentees in the history of science.

Historical/Academic context.

این غایب بودن فیزیکی، مانع از پیوند روحی نشد.

This physical absence did not prevent a spiritual connection.

Philosophical/Romantic context.

مفهوم غایب در عرفان، به معنای ذات نایافتنی است.

The concept of 'absent' in mysticism means the unattainable essence.

Theological/Mystical context.

او با غایب بودن خود، حضورش را پررنگ‌تر کرد.

By being absent, he made his presence more prominent.

Advanced rhetorical device.

دادگاه حکم غیابی برای فرد غایب صادر کرد.

The court issued an in-absentia verdict for the absent individual.

Legal terminology (hokm-e ghiyabi).

او مصداق بارز غایب‌الخالق و حاضر‌الخلق است.

He is a clear example of being absent from the Creator and present with the creation.

Archaic/Theological phrasing.

غایب بودن در اینجا به معنای عدم تعلق است.

Being absent here means a lack of belonging.

Existential interpretation.

او در تمام این سال‌ها، غایبِ همیشه حاضرِ زندگی من بود.

In all these years, he was the 'always present absentee' of my life.

Poetic/Literary construction.

سیاستمدار غایب از وجدان، خطرناک است.

A politician absent of conscience is dangerous.

Political/Ethical critique.

او به دلیل غیبت صغری در تاریخ شناخته می‌شود.

He is known in history due to the Minor Occultation.

Specific religious-historical reference.

よく使う組み合わせ

غایب موجه

غایب غیرموجه

در کلاس غایب بودن

در جلسه غایب بودن

همیشه غایب بودن

به دلیل بیماری غایب بودن

بدون اجازه غایب بودن

غایب از نظر

لیست غایب‌ها

غایب بزرگ

よく使うフレーズ

حاضر و غایب کردن

جای کسی غایب بودن

غایب از ذهن

غایب همیشه حاضر

دفتر حضور و غیاب

غایب بودن در صحنه

غایب شدن ناگهانی

حق غیبت

غایب به تقصیر

غایب مفقودالاثر

よく混同される語

غایب بودن vs غیبت کردن

Can mean to gossip. If you say you 'did' ghaybat, people might think you were talking behind their backs.

غایب بودن vs گم شدن

Means to be lost. 'Ghayeb' means you are missing from a specific place you should be.

غایب بودن vs رفتن

Means to go. Being absent is a state, going is an action.

慣用句と表現

"غایب از نظر، دور از دل"

Out of sight, out of mind. If you don't see someone, you forget them.

فکر می‌کردم مرا فراموش کرده چون غایب از نظر، دور از دل است.

Proverb

"جای شما غایب (سبز)"

Your place was empty (we missed you). Usually said as 'Jat sabz' (Your place is green).

دیشب خیلی خوش گذشت، جای شما غایب بود.

Informal/Polite

"غایب بودن روح"

To be physically present but mentally elsewhere.

او در کلاس بود اما روحش غایب بود.

Literary

"غایب شدن در افق"

To disappear into the horizon; to leave forever.

کشتی در افق غایب شد.

Poetic

"حاضرِ غایب"

Someone who is present but ignored, or absent but influential.

او در این شرکت یک حاضرِ غایب است.

Metaphorical

"غایب بازی درآوردن"

To play hard to get or to intentionally stay away.

باز هم دارد غایب بازی درمی‌آورد تا ما به او اصرار کنیم.

Slang/Informal

"غایب شدن از صفحه روزگار"

To be wiped off the face of the earth; to die or be forgotten completely.

نام او از صفحه روزگار غایب شد.

Literary

"غایبِ همیشه در صحنه"

Someone who is always missing when work needs to be done.

او باز هم غایبِ همیشه در صحنه است!

Sarcastic

"غایب از خود"

To be in a trance or unconscious of oneself.

عارف در حال سماع، غایب از خود بود.

Mystical

"غایب کردن مال"

To hide or embezzle property/money.

او سعی کرد بخشی از اموال را غایب کند.

Archaic/Legal

間違えやすい

غایب بودن vs غیبت

Double meaning.

'Ghaybat' is the noun (absence/gossip), 'Ghayeb' is the adjective (absent).

Ghaybat-e u tulani shod.

غایب بودن vs حاضر

They are opposites often taught together.

Hazer is present, Ghayeb is absent.

Man hazer hastam.

غایب بودن vs مفقود

Both mean not there.

'Mafqud' is for people lost in disasters or war; 'Ghayeb' is for missing a class.

Sarbaz mafqud shod.

غایب بودن vs ناپدید

Both mean not visible.

'Napdid' means disappeared (like magic or a thief); 'Ghayeb' is administrative.

Dozd napdid shod.

غایب بودن vs خالی

An empty seat vs an absent person.

'Khali' is for objects/spaces; 'Ghayeb' is for people.

Sandali khali ast.

文型パターン

[Subject] ghayeb ast.

Ali ghayeb ast.

[Subject] dar [Place] ghayeb bud.

Man dar kelas ghayeb budam.

[Subject] be dalile [Reason] ghayeb khahad bud.

O be dalile safar ghayeb khahad bud.

Agar [Subject] ghayeb bashad, [Consequence].

Agar u ghayeb bashad, jharime mishavad.

Ghayeb budane [Subject] ba-ese [Result] shod.

Ghayeb budane u ba-ese negaranim shod.

[Subject] ra ghayeb-e mafqud-ol-asar elam kardand.

U ra ghayeb-e mafqud-ol-asar elam kardand.

Chera [Subject] ghayeb hastid?

Chera shoma ghayeb hastid?

[Subject] hich-vaqt ghayeb nabude ast.

Ali hich-vaqt ghayeb nabude ast.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Very high in educational and administrative contexts.

よくある間違い

من غیبت کردم (instead of غایب بودم) → من غایب بودم
The first one means 'I gossiped', the second means 'I was absent'.
آن‌ها غایب‌ها هستند → آن‌ها غایب هستند
Adjectives in compound verbs don't take plural markers.
غایب از کلاس → غایب در کلاس
Persian uses 'dar' (in) where English uses 'from'.
من غایب می‌شوم → من غایب خواهم بود
'Mishavam' means 'I become/disappear'; 'khaham bud' is 'I will be absent'.
او غایب بود چون رفت → او غایب بود چون نیامد
'Raft' means he went; 'Nayamad' means he didn't come. 'Ghayeb' is about not coming.

ヒント

Verb Agreement

Remember that only the 'budan' part of the verb changes to match the subject.

The Opposite

Always learn 'ghayeb' with its partner 'hazer' to build a stronger mental map.

The 'Gh' Sound

Practice the 'gh' sound by gargling water; that's the part of the throat you need.

Excuses Matter

In Iran, being 'ghayeb' is serious; always follow it with 'be dalile...' (due to...).

Formal Notes

When writing to a boss, use 'be arz miresanam ke ghayeb khaham bud' for extra politeness.

Roll Call

Watch Iranian school videos on YouTube to hear the rhythm of 'hozur-ghi-yab'.

Not for Action

Don't use it to mean 'I am going away'. Use it for 'I am not here'.

Ghayeb vs. Nist

Use 'nist' for casual settings and 'ghayeb' for scheduled events.

Guy-Ebb

The guy is at an ebb tide, so he's absent from the beach.

No Plural Adjectives

Never say 'ghayeb-ha hastand'. Just say 'ghayeb hastand'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the word 'Ghayeb' as 'Guy-ebb'. When a 'guy' is at an 'ebb' (low point/receding tide), he is 'absent' from the shore.

視覚的連想

Imagine an empty chair in a bright classroom with the word 'GHAYEB' written in big red letters on the seat.

Word Web

School Work Empty Chair Roll Call Illness Missing Not Here Hazer

チャレンジ

Try to use 'ghayeb budan' in three different tenses today: once for why you were absent yesterday, once for being present now, and once for a future absence.

語源

The word 'ghayeb' (غایب) comes from the Arabic root G-Y-B (غ ي ب), which relates to things that are hidden, unseen, or beyond perception. The verb 'budan' (بودن) is of pure Persian (Indo-European) origin, meaning 'to be'.

元の意味： The original Arabic meaning of 'ghayeb' refers to the 'unseen world' (al-Ghayb). When it entered Persian, it was adapted into a compound verb to describe the physical state of being away.

Arabic (loanword) + Indo-European (Persian auxiliary).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'ghaybat kardan' as it implies the sin of backbiting in a religious context. Stick to 'ghayeb budan' for simple absence.

English speakers use 'absent' mostly for school/work. Persian speakers use it similarly but also in very formal legal or highly poetic contexts more frequently.

The Occultation (Ghaybat) of the 12th Imam. The proverb 'Ghayeb az nazar, dur az del'. Roll call scenes in famous Iranian films like 'The Salesman'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

School/University

حاضر و غایب
غیبت موجه
کسر نمره
لیست حضور

Workplace

مرخصی
جلسه اداری
گزارش روزانه
عدم حضور

Legal/Official

حکم غیابی
فرد غایب
اعلام مفقودی
گواهی

Social Events

جای شما خالی
مهمانی
دعوت
نیامدن

Military

فرار از خدمت
سرباز غایب
اضافه خدمت
پادگان

会話のきっかけ

"چرا دیروز در کلاس فارسی غایب بودی؟"

"آیا تا به حال بدون اجازه از کار غایب بوده‌ای؟"

"اگر فردا غایب باشی، چه اتفاقی می‌افتد؟"

"به نظر تو چرا بعضی دانش‌آموزان همیشه غایب هستند؟"

"در کشور شما، اگر کسی در پارلمان غایب باشد چه می‌شود؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که در یک اتفاق مهم غایب بودید و چه حسی داشتید.

چرا حضور داشتن بهتر از غایب بودن است؟ نظرتان را توضیح دهید.

یک نامه رسمی به معلم بنویسید و توضیح دهید چرا فردا غایب خواهید بود.

آیا تا به حال کسی در زندگی شما 'غایبِ همیشه حاضر' بوده است؟

تفاوت‌های غایب بودن در مدرسه و غایب بودن در یک مهمانی دوستانه را بنویسید.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it is almost exclusively used for people. For objects, use 'nist' (is not) or 'gom shode' (is lost).

'Hozur nadashtan' is more formal and polite. 'Ghayeb budan' is the standard clinical/academic term.

No, Persian does not have grammatical gender. It stays the same for everyone.

You say 'ghaybat-e gheyr-e mojah'.

Not usually as a standalone word, but 'ghayeb-bazi' is a slangy way to describe someone flaking.

You can, but it means 'I disappeared' rather than 'I was absent'.

You should say 'Hazer!' (Present!).

Yes, it is an Arabic loanword, but it is fully integrated into Persian.

It is a legal term for a person who has been missing for so long they are presumed dead.

Yes, you can say 'ghayeb-ol-zehn', but it's quite formal.

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