At the A1 level, 'خودرو' is introduced as a basic noun for 'car'. Students learn to identify it in simple sentences and distinguish it from other modes of transport like 'bus' (otobus) or 'bicycle' (docharkhe). The focus is on basic identification: 'This is a car' (In yek khodro ast). At this stage, the distinction between formal and informal is less critical than simply knowing the word exists alongside 'mashin'.
A2 learners begin to use 'خودرو' with basic adjectives and possessives. They can describe their car's color (khodro-ye ghermez) or ownership (khodro-ye man). They also start to encounter the word in simple public signs and advertisements. They learn the plural 'khodro-ha' and how to use it with numbers, such as 'do khodro' (two cars). Simple verbs like 'dashtan' (to have) are paired with it.
At the B1 level, students understand the register difference. They know that 'خودرو' is the word they will see in a newspaper article about the economy or in a rental agreement. They can discuss basic problems with a car using this term, such as 'khodro kharab ast' (the car is broken). They also learn compound terms like 'khodro-ye dasti' (manual car) or 'khodro-ye otomatik' (automatic car).
B2 learners can use 'خودرو' in more complex grammatical structures, such as passive voice or conditional sentences. They understand its role in the 'San'at-e Khodro' (Automotive Industry) and can participate in debates about environmental impacts of cars. They are comfortable with technical terms like 'ghata'at-e khodro' (car parts) and 'tolid-e khodro' (car production).
C1 students use 'خودرو' with academic precision. They can analyze socio-economic reports regarding 'khodro-ye melli' (the national car). They understand the nuance of using 'khodro' in literature or high-level journalism to maintain a specific tone. They can navigate complex legal documents involving vehicle registration and liability without confusion between 'khodro' and other legal terms like 'morakab'.
At the C2 level, the learner has a near-native grasp of the word's etymological history and its place in the evolution of the Persian language. They can appreciate wordplay involving 'khodro' (self-moving) and 'khod-row' (wild-growing). They can write professional-grade technical manuals or economic analyses of the global automotive market using the term with perfect stylistic consistency.

خودرو 30秒で

  • Khodro is the formal Persian word for car.
  • It is used in news, business, and official contexts.
  • The word literally means 'self-moving' (khod + ro).
  • It is a noun and follows standard Persian pluralization rules.

The Persian word خودرو (pronounced /xod-ro/) is a formal and technical term for an automobile or a car. While everyday conversations often favor the word ماشین (māshin), خودرو is the standard term used in official documents, news reports, and the automotive industry. It literally translates to 'self-goer' or 'self-moving,' reflecting its etymological roots in the Persian words for 'self' and 'moving/going'.

Linguistic Root
Derived from 'Khod' (self) and the present stem of 'raftan' (to go).
Register
Formal, administrative, and technical.
Usage Frequency
High in written media; moderate in spoken Persian.

صنعت خودرو در ایران یکی از بزرگترین بخش‌های اقتصادی است.

— The car industry in Iran is one of the largest economic sectors.

In the context of modern Iran, the word encompasses everything from passenger cars to heavy-duty vehicles, though in common parlance, it specifically targets the passenger vehicle segment. Understanding this word is crucial for navigating official bureaucracy, such as insurance forms or traffic regulations.

واردات خودرو به کشور محدود شده است.

Synonymity
Often interchangeable with 'otomobil' in formal contexts.

این خودرو دارای استانداردهای جهانی است.

Using خودرو correctly requires an understanding of Persian compound verbs. While the noun itself is simple, it pairs with specific verbs to describe actions like driving, parking, or repairing. For example, 'driving' is رانندگی با خودرو, though more commonly just رانندگی.

Common Verbs
Savar shodan (to get in), Piadeh shodan (to get out), Hedayat kardan (to steer/operate - formal).

او با خودرو شخصی به محل کار می‌رود.

In technical manuals, you will see 'khodro' used to define specifications. For instance, 'khodro-ye barghi' (electric car) or 'khodro-ye khodran' (self-driving car). It is the anchor for many modern technological terms in Persian.

تعمیرات این خودرو بسیار گران است.

You will encounter خودرو most frequently in media and professional environments. If you are watching the news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting), the anchors will exclusively use 'khodro' when discussing traffic accidents, market prices, or manufacturing milestones. Similarly, at a dealership (namayeshgah-e khodro), the signage and contracts will utilize this term.

قیمت خودرو امروز کاهش یافت.

Media Context
Newspapers like 'Donya-e-Eqtesad' often have a dedicated 'Khodro' section.

پلیس راهور از تردد خودروهای فرسوده جلوگیری می‌کند.

One of the most frequent mistakes for learners is using خودرو in very casual settings, which can sound slightly robotic or overly formal. For example, saying 'Khodro-ye man kojast?' to a friend sounds like 'Where is my motor vehicle?' instead of 'Where is my car?'.

Mistake 1
Over-formality in slang contexts.
Mistake 2
Confusing 'khodro' with 'khod-row' (self-growing/wild plants) which is spelled similarly but used in botany.

اشتباه: گیاه خودرو (Correct spelling, but different meaning: wild plant).

There are several synonyms for خودرو, each with its own nuance. ماشین (māshin) is the most common. اتومبیل (otomobil) is a loanword from French that remains popular in middle-class formal speech. وسیله نقلیه (vasile-ye naghliye) is the broadest term, meaning 'transportation vehicle'.

Comparison
Mashin (Casual) < Khodro (Formal) < Vasileye Naghliye (Legal).

تمام وسایل نقلیه باید بیمه داشته باشند.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe with words ending in vowels

Compound nouns in Persian

Pluralization of inanimate objects

Direct object marker 'ra'

Prepositions of movement

レベル別の例文

1

این یک خودرو است.

This is a car.

Subject + Noun + Verb 'to be'.

2

خودرو آبی است.

The car is blue.

Noun + Adjective + Verb.

3

من خودرو دارم.

I have a car.

Subject + Object + Verb 'to have'.

4

خودرو بزرگ است.

The car is big.

Simple descriptive sentence.

5

آن خودرو کجاست؟

Where is that car?

Interrogative sentence.

6

پدرم خودرو دارد.

My father has a car.

Possessive subject.

7

یک خودرو در خیابان است.

A car is in the street.

Prepositional phrase.

8

خودرو نو است.

The car is new.

Adjective usage.

1

من خودروی جدیدم را دوست دارم.

I like my new car.

Ezafe construction + Object marker 'ra'.

2

ما دو خودرو در پارکینگ داریم.

We have two cars in the parking lot.

Number + Noun (singular in Persian).

3

آیا این خودروی شماست؟

Is this your car?

Possessive suffix.

4

خودروی او خیلی سریع است.

His car is very fast.

Adverb + Adjective.

5

او با خودرو به مدرسه می‌رود.

He goes to school by car.

Preposition 'ba' (with/by).

6

قیمت این خودرو چقدر است؟

How much is the price of this car?

Compound noun phrase.

7

خودروهای زیادی در ترافیک هستند.

There are many cars in traffic.

Plural noun.

8

من می‌خواهم یک خودرو بخرم.

I want to buy a car.

Subjunctive mood.

1

صنعت خودرو در حال تغییر است.

The car industry is changing.

Continuous aspect.

2

او خودروی خود را برای تعمیر برد.

He took his car for repair.

Reflexive pronoun 'khod'.

3

بیمه خودرو برای همه الزامی است.

Car insurance is mandatory for everyone.

Formal adjective 'elzami'.

4

خودروهای برقی برای محیط زیست بهتر هستند.

Electric cars are better for the environment.

Comparative adjective.

5

او در یک شرکت تولید خودرو کار می‌کند.

He works in a car manufacturing company.

Complex noun phrase.

6

رانندگی با این خودرو بسیار راحت است.

Driving this car is very comfortable.

Gerund-like usage of 'ranandegi'.

7

خودرو به دلیل نقص فنی متوقف شد.

The car stopped due to a technical fault.

Causal phrase 'be dalil-e'.

8

ما باید یک خودروی جادارتر بخریم.

We should buy a more spacious car.

Comparative suffix '-tar'.

1

واردات خودروهای خارجی به بازار داخلی افزایش یافته است.

The import of foreign cars to the domestic market has increased.

Present perfect tense.

2

استانداردهای ایمنی خودرو باید رعایت شوند.

Car safety standards must be observed.

Passive voice.

3

این خودرو مجهز به سیستم‌های پیشرفته است.

This car is equipped with advanced systems.

Adjective 'mojahhaz'.

4

مصرف سوخت این خودرو بسیار بهینه است.

The fuel consumption of this car is very efficient.

Formal vocabulary 'behine'.

5

طراحی بدنه خودرو کاملاً آیرودینامیک است.

The car's body design is completely aerodynamic.

Technical terminology.

6

او به عنوان کارشناس خودرو در تلویزیون صحبت کرد.

He spoke as a car expert on TV.

Preposition 'be onvan-e'.

7

بازار خودرو دچار نوسانات شدیدی شده است.

The car market has experienced severe fluctuations.

Abstract noun 'novasanat'.

8

خودروهای خودران آینده حمل و نقل را شکل می‌دهند.

Self-driving cars are shaping the future of transport.

Active participle 'khodran'.

1

تحلیلگران معتقدند که رکود در بخش خودرو موقتی است.

Analysts believe the recession in the car sector is temporary.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

2

تکنولوژی خودروهای هیبریدی به سرعت در حال تکامل است.

Hybrid car technology is evolving rapidly.

Progressive tense with 'dar hal-e'.

3

سیاست‌های دولت بر قیمت نهایی خودرو تأثیرگذار است.

Government policies are influential on the final price of the car.

Complex subject-predicate agreement.

4

خودرو به عنوان یک کالای سرمایه‌ای در ایران نگریسته می‌شود.

The car is viewed as a capital good in Iran.

Passive construction 'negah shodan'.

5

آلایندگی خودروها یکی از چالش‌های اصلی کلان‌شهرهاست.

Car emissions are one of the main challenges of metropolises.

Compound noun 'kalan-shahr'.

6

رقابت در بازار خودرو مستلزم نوآوری مداوم است.

Competition in the car market requires constant innovation.

Formal verb 'mostalzem budan'.

7

تولید انبوه خودرو تحولی در سبک زندگی بشر ایجاد کرد.

Mass production of cars created a revolution in human lifestyle.

Historical past tense.

8

خودروهای کلاسیک ارزش کلکسیونی بالایی دارند.

Classic cars have high collective value.

Specific adjective 'kolleksiyoni'.

1

پارادایم‌های نوین در مهندسی خودرو، مفاهیم سنتی را به چالش کشیده‌اند.

New paradigms in automotive engineering have challenged traditional concepts.

Highly formal vocabulary.

2

استراتژی‌های بازاریابی در صنعت خودرو باید با ذائقه مشتری همسو شود.

Marketing strategies in the car industry must align with customer taste.

Metaphorical usage 'za'eghe'.

3

خودرو در ادبیات معاصر گاه به عنوان نمادی از تجدد توصیف می‌شود.

In contemporary literature, the car is sometimes described as a symbol of modernity.

Literary analysis context.

4

زنجیره تأمین قطعات خودرو به دلیل بحران‌های جهانی دچار اختلال گشت.

The car parts supply chain became disrupted due to global crises.

Archaic/Formal verb 'gashtan'.

5

توسعه زیرساخت‌های لازم برای خودروهای برقی امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

Developing the necessary infrastructure for electric cars is inevitable.

Complex adjective 'ejtenab-napazir'.

6

خودروهای هیدروژنی پتانسیل بالایی برای جایگزینی سوخت‌های فسیلی دارند.

Hydrogen cars have high potential to replace fossil fuels.

Scientific register.

7

تأثیرات روان‌شناختی مالکیت خودرو بر هویت فردی قابل تأمل است.

The psychological effects of car ownership on individual identity are worth reflecting upon.

Philosophical register.

8

بومی‌سازی دانش فنی در صنعت خودرو گامی بلند به سوی خودکفایی است.

Localizing technical knowledge in the car industry is a long step toward self-sufficiency.

Political/Economic rhetoric.

よく使う組み合わせ

صنعت خودرو
تولید خودرو
واردات خودرو
قطعات خودرو
بازار خودرو
بیمه خودرو
ثبت‌نام خودرو
قیمت خودرو
طراحی خودرو
تعمیر خودرو

よく混同される語

خودرو vs خودرو (Wild plant)

خودرو vs خود (Self)

خودرو vs خوردن (To eat - similar sound in some dialects)

間違えやすい

خودرو vs

خودرو vs

خودرو vs

خودرو vs

خودرو vs

文型パターン

使い方

legal

Used in traffic laws and insurance policies.

technical

In engineering, it refers to any self-propelled vehicle.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'khodro' with friends (too formal).
  • Forgetting the 'y' in the Ezafe construction.
  • Pluralizing the noun after a number.
  • Mispronouncing 'ro' as 'ru'.
  • Confusing it with 'khod-row' in a garden context.

ヒント

Ezafe Rule

Always add a 'y' before the Ezafe if the word ends in 'o'. Example: خودروی علی.

Formal vs Informal

Stick to 'mashin' in restaurants or with friends. Use 'khodro' in exams.

National Pride

Mentioning 'Iran Khodro' shows you know about Iranian industry.

The 'Kh' Sound

Practice the 'kh' sound like the 'ch' in 'Bach' to sound native.

Compound Words

Notice how 'khod' (self) is used in many Persian words like 'khodkar' (pen).

News Keywords

When you hear 'khodro' on the news, listen for 'gheymat' (price) next to it.

Adjective Order

Put the adjective after 'khodro-ye'. Example: خودروی سریع.

Visual Link

Visualize a car driving itself to remember 'khod' + 'ro'.

Plurality

In Persian, we say 'two car' (do khodro) not 'two cars' (do khodro-ha).

Business

In a job interview at a tech firm, use 'khodro' if discussing logistics.

暗記しよう

視覚的連想

Imagine a car moving by itself without a horse.

語源

Modern Persian compound

文化的な背景

Cars are often bought as a way to preserve capital against currency devaluation.

The brand of 'khodro' one drives is a major status symbol in Tehran.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما خودرو دارید؟"

"بهترین برند خودرو در کشور شما چیست؟"

"آیا خودروهای برقی را دوست دارید؟"

"ترافیک خودروها در شهر شما چگونه است؟"

"اولین خودروی شما چه بود؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره خودروی مورد علاقه خود بنویسید.

آیا در آینده همه خودروها برقی خواهند بود؟

تأثیر خودرو بر زندگی مدرن چیست؟

تجربه خود را از رانندگی با یک خودروی خاص توصیف کنید.

اگر خودرو نداشتید، زندگی شما چگونه تغییر می‌کرد؟

よくある質問

10 問

'Khodro' is formal and used in official contexts, while 'mashin' is the everyday word for car used in conversation.

The plural is 'khodro-ha' (خودروها).

Usually, 'khodro' refers to passenger cars, but 'khodro-haye sangin' refers to heavy vehicles like trucks.

Yes, it is a compound of two Persian roots: 'khod' and 'ro'.

It is 'khodro-ye barghi' (خودروی برقی).

Yes, spelled the same way, it can mean 'self-growing' or 'wild' in a botanical context.

It is the largest car manufacturer in Iran.

It is 'bime-ye khodro' (بیمه خودرو).

In Dari, 'motor' is more common; in Tajik, 'moshun' or 'avtomobil' is used, but 'khodro' is understood.

There isn't a direct opposite, but 'piyadeh' (on foot) is the alternative mode of transport.

自分をテスト 180 問

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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