At the A1 level, 'وقتی' (vaqti) is introduced as a basic conjunction to link two simple ideas in time. Learners use it to describe daily routines and immediate experiences. The focus is on the most common structure: 'وقتی' + [Subject] + [Verb], [Main Clause]. For example, 'وقتی گرسنه هستم، غذا می‌خورم' (When I am hungry, I eat). At this stage, students learn that 'وقتی' is different from the question word 'کی' (key). They also learn that 'وقتی' can be used with the simple present and simple past tenses to describe facts or completed actions. The relative particle 'که' (ke) might be introduced as an optional addition ('وقتی که'), but the emphasis is on clear, simple communication of time-based sequences. Vocabulary is kept simple, focusing on common verbs like 'to go', 'to see', 'to eat', and 'to sleep'. The goal is for the student to be able to say when they do certain activities throughout the day.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'وقتی' to include more varied contexts and slightly more complex sentence structures. They begin to use it to narrate short stories about their past or to describe future plans. A key development at this stage is the introduction of the 'past-for-future' construction, where 'وقتی' is followed by a past tense verb to mean 'as soon as' or 'when [event] happens' in the future (e.g., 'وقتی رسیدم، زنگ می‌زنم' - When I arrive, I will call). Learners also start to use 'وقتی' in the middle of sentences more frequently. They become more comfortable with the optional 'که' and can distinguish between 'وقتی' and its slightly more formal synonym 'زمانی که'. The focus shifts toward more natural-sounding sentences and the ability to link two related events in a logical temporal sequence, such as describing a travel experience or a work day.
At the B1 level, students use 'وقتی' to express more nuanced temporal relationships, including the use of the subjunctive mood for hypothetical or uncertain future events. They can handle longer sentences and use 'وقتی' to set the background for a main action (e.g., 'وقتی داشتم کتاب می‌خواندم، تلفن زنگ زد' - When I was reading a book, the phone rang). At this stage, learners are expected to use 'وقتی' fluently in both spoken and written Persian, adapting their choice of synonyms (like 'موقعی که' or 'هنگامی که') based on the context. They also begin to understand how 'وقتی' can be used to imply cause and effect or to contrast two simultaneous situations. The use of 'وقتی' in complex sentences with multiple clauses becomes more common, and students are encouraged to pay attention to the rhythmic flow and correct verb endings at the end of each clause.
At the B2 level, 'وقتی' is used with high precision in a wide range of formal and informal contexts. Learners can use it to construct complex arguments, describe intricate processes, and engage in detailed storytelling. They are fully aware of the stylistic differences between 'وقتی', 'زمانی که', and 'هنگامی که' and choose the most appropriate one for the register. They can also use 'وقتی' in combination with other conjunctions and adverbs to create sophisticated temporal structures. For example, they might use it to describe a condition that must be met before another action can occur in a professional or academic setting. At this level, the focus is on achieving a native-like flow, ensuring that the placement of 'وقتی' and the choice of verb tense perfectly convey the intended timing and mood of the sentence. They also begin to recognize 'وقتی' in more abstract or metaphorical contexts in literature.
At the C1 level, the learner's use of 'وقتی' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They can use it to express subtle nuances in timing, such as 'at the very moment' or 'during the period that'. They are comfortable with archaic or highly literary uses of 'وقتی' and its synonyms in classical Persian poetry and prose. They can analyze how 'وقتی' contributes to the overall structure and theme of a text. In their own writing and speech, they use 'وقتی' to create complex, multi-layered sentences that reflect deep thought and sophisticated analysis. They are also aware of regional variations in how 'وقتی' is used across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). The focus is on mastery of style, tone, and the ability to use 'وقتی' as a tool for advanced rhetorical expression.
At the C2 level, the learner has a complete and intuitive command of 'وقتی' and all its temporal counterparts. They can use the word to explore philosophical concepts of time, fate, and causality. They are capable of producing high-level creative writing, academic research, and professional discourse where 'وقتی' is used with absolute precision and stylistic elegance. They can effortlessly switch between different registers, using 'وقتی' in a gritty street-level dialogue or a formal diplomatic speech with equal ease. They understand the historical evolution of the word and can appreciate its use in the works of great Persian masters like Rumi or Hafez, even when it appears in more archaic forms. At this level, 'وقتی' is not just a vocabulary word but a versatile instrument for expressing the most complex human experiences and ideas in the Persian language.

وقتی 30秒で

  • A fundamental Persian conjunction meaning 'when' or 'at the time that', used to link two related events chronologically in a sentence.
  • Crucially different from 'key' (interrogative when); 'vaqti' is for statements, while 'key' is only for asking questions about time.
  • Frequently paired with the particle 'ke' (وقتی که) in both formal and informal contexts to introduce a temporal subordinate clause.
  • Versatile across all tenses, requiring the subjunctive for future possibilities and the past tense for completed conditions in the future.

The Persian word وقتی (pronounced 'vaqti') is one of the most fundamental building blocks of the Persian language, serving as a temporal conjunction that translates to 'when' or 'at the time that' in English. Unlike the interrogative 'when' (which is کی - 'key'), وقتی is used exclusively to connect two clauses, indicating that the action in the subordinate clause happens simultaneously with or immediately before the action in the main clause. It is derived from the Arabic word وقت (waqt), meaning 'time', combined with the Persian relative suffix ی (-i). This linguistic evolution essentially creates a meaning of 'at the time which'.

Grammatical Role
As a subordinating conjunction, it introduces a dependent clause that provides temporal context for the main event of the sentence.

وقتی باران می‌بارد، زمین خیس می‌شود.

(When it rains, the ground gets wet.)

In everyday Persian, you will hear this word in almost every conversation, from describing daily routines to narrating complex stories. It is often followed by the relative particle که (ke), forming وقتی که (vaqti ke), which is functionally identical but can sound slightly more formal or explicit. Whether you are a beginner ordering food or an advanced student discussing history, mastering this word is essential for expressing the sequence of events.

Register Variation
In spoken Persian, the 'ke' is frequently dropped, while in written literature, 'vaqti ke' or more formal synonyms like 'hangāmi ke' are preferred.

وقتی بیدار شدم، خورشید می‌درخشید.

(When I woke up, the sun was shining.)

The versatility of وقتی allows it to be used with various tenses. When used with the past tense, it describes a completed action. When used with the present or future (often requiring the subjunctive mood), it describes habitual actions or future possibilities. This flexibility makes it a cornerstone of Persian syntax.

وقتی به خانه رسیدی، به من زنگ بزن.

(When you reach home, call me.)
Synonym Usage
While 'vaqti' is the most common, 'zamāni ke' is its most direct and equally common alternative in both speech and writing.

وقتی بچه بودم، فوتبال بازی می‌کردم.

(When I was a child, I used to play football.)

In summary, وقتی is the essential 'when' for connecting ideas in time. It provides the chronological structure necessary for clear communication, allowing speakers to link causes, effects, and sequences with ease. Understanding its placement and its relationship with the particle 'ke' is a major milestone for any Persian learner.

Using وقتی (vaqti) correctly involves understanding its placement within a sentence and the grammatical mood of the verb that follows it. In Persian, the 'when' clause can appear either at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle. If it starts the sentence, it is usually followed by a comma (or a brief pause in speech) before the main clause begins. If it appears in the middle, it connects the main clause to the temporal condition. For example, 'I eat when I am hungry' can be expressed as وقتی گرسنه هستم، غذا می‌خورم or غذا می‌خورم وقتی گرسنه هستم, though the former is more common in natural speech.

The 'Ke' Particle
Adding 'ke' after 'vaqti' (وقتی که) is very common. It acts as a relative bridge. In formal writing, 'ke' is almost always present, whereas in casual Tehran dialect, it is often omitted for brevity.

وقتی که درس می‌خوانم، موسیقی گوش نمی‌دهم.

(When I study, I do not listen to music.)

One of the most important grammatical nuances involves the future tense. In English, we say 'When I arrive, I will call you,' using the present tense in the 'when' clause. In Persian, when referring to a future event that has not yet happened, the verb in the وقتی clause often takes the subjunctive mood (mi- prefix is replaced or the verb is conjugated specifically) or the simple past to indicate completion of the condition. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers.

Habitual Actions
When describing things that always happen, use the present indicative tense in both clauses.

وقتی هوا گرم است، آب زیاد می‌نوشم.

(When the weather is hot, I drink a lot of water.)

Furthermore, وقتی can be used to contrast two situations. For example, 'Why are you sleeping when everyone else is working?' Here, it functions as 'while' or 'at a time that'. This usage is slightly more advanced but follows the same structural rules. The key is to ensure the verb at the end of the clause matches the intended timing of the action.

چرا می‌خوابی وقتی همه کار می‌کنند؟

(Why are you sleeping when everyone is working?)
Negative Sentences
To negate, simply add the 'na-' prefix to the verb in the 'vaqti' clause.

وقتی نمی‌دانی، نگو.

(When you don't know, don't say [anything].)

In conclusion, the sentence structure for وقتی is relatively straightforward for English speakers, as it mirrors the English 'when' quite closely. The main differences lie in the optional use of 'ke', the specific verb tenses used for future events, and the strict placement of the verb at the end of the clause. Practice these variations to achieve fluency.

The word وقتی is ubiquitous in the Persian-speaking world, appearing in every conceivable context from the most casual street slang to the most refined classical poetry. If you walk through a bazaar in Tehran, you might hear a shopkeeper say, وقتی مشتری نیست، استراحت می‌کنیم (When there are no customers, we rest). If you watch a Persian soap opera, the dramatic protagonist might cry, وقتی رفتی، قلبم شکست (When you left, my heart broke). Its frequency makes it one of the first words learners should internalize.

In Music and Lyrics
Persian pop and traditional music are filled with 'vaqti'. It often sets the scene for romantic longing or nostalgic reflection.

وقتی میای صدای پات از همه جاده‌ها میاد...

(When you come, the sound of your footsteps comes from all the roads... - Famous song lyric)

In news broadcasts and formal speeches, you might hear the slightly more formal version وقتی که or its synonym هنگامی که. For instance, a news anchor might report, وقتی که رئیس‌جمهور وارد شد، مراسم آغاز گشت (When the president entered, the ceremony began). In these contexts, the word helps maintain a clear chronological flow of information, which is vital for journalistic integrity.

In Literature and Poetry
Even in classical poetry, though 'chun' (چون) is often used for 'when', 'vaqti' appears in more modern prose and contemporary poetry to ground the narrative in time.

وقتی نیستی، خانه تاریک است.

(When you are not here, the house is dark.)

In the digital world, Persian social media users use وقتی in memes, often starting a caption with 'وقتی که...' followed by a relatable situation. For example, 'وقتی می‌فهمی فردا تعطیله' (When you realize tomorrow is a holiday). This shows how the word has seamlessly transitioned from ancient roots to modern internet culture.

وقتی پول نداری ولی می‌خوای خرید کنی.

(When you have no money but you want to go shopping.)
Everyday Instructions
Recipes and manuals use 'vaqti' to indicate the next step. 'Vaqti āb jush āmad...' (When the water has boiled...).

وقتی پیاز طلایی شد، گوشت را اضافه کنید.

(When the onion becomes golden, add the meat.)

Ultimately, وقتی is a word that bridges the gap between different social strata and communication mediums. It is as useful for a child explaining their day to their parents as it is for a scientist explaining a chemical reaction. Its presence is a constant in the rhythmic flow of the Persian language.

For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using وقتی (vaqti) is confusing it with the interrogative 'when', which is کی (key). In English, 'when' is used for both questions ('When are you coming?') and conjunctions ('I will see you when you come'). In Persian, these are strictly separated. Using کی as a conjunction or وقتی as a question word is a hallmark of a beginner's error and can lead to significant confusion.

The Question Word Trap
Incorrect: *وقتی می‌آیی؟ (Vaqti mi-āyi?) - Correct: کی می‌آیی؟ (Key mi-āyi?)

اشتباه: وقتی به خانه می‌روی؟ (Wrong: When are you going home?)

Another common error involves the misuse of verb tenses in the 'when' clause, particularly for future events. English speakers often want to use the future tense or the simple present, but Persian frequently uses the simple past to express a completed condition in the future. For example, instead of saying 'When I will arrive' (وقتی خواهم رسید), Persians say 'When I arrived' (وقتی رسیدم), meaning 'As soon as I have arrived'. Failing to use this 'past-for-future' construction can make your Persian sound unnatural.

The 'If' Confusion
Sometimes learners use 'vaqti' when they should use 'agar' (if). 'Vaqti' implies the event will definitely happen; 'agar' implies uncertainty.

وقتی باران ببارد (When it rains - certain) vs اگر باران ببارد (If it rains - uncertain).

Misplacing the verb is another hurdle. Since Persian is a verb-final language, the verb belonging to the وقتی clause must come right before the comma (or the start of the main clause). Learners often try to mirror English word order, putting the verb in the middle of the clause. This disrupts the flow and makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.

اشتباه: وقتی من می‌بینم او را... (Wrong: When I see him...)

Correct: وقتی او را می‌بینم...
Redundancy
Avoid using 'vaqti' and 'dar hāli ke' (while) in the same breath unless you are making a very specific complex temporal distinction.

وقتی داشتم می‌آمدم... (When I was coming... - Correct and sufficient).

By being mindful of these pitfalls—especially the distinction between 'vaqti' and 'key', the 'past-for-future' tense usage, and the verb-final word order—you will quickly move beyond basic mistakes and start sounding like a more proficient Persian speaker.

While وقتی (vaqti) is the most common way to say 'when', Persian offers a variety of synonyms and alternatives that can add precision, formality, or poetic flair to your speech. Understanding these nuances will help you navigate different social settings and literary texts more effectively. The most direct synonym is زمانی که (zamāni ke), which literally means 'at the time that'. It is interchangeable with وقتی in almost all contexts but is often preferred in slightly more formal writing.

Comparison: Vaqti vs. Zamāni Ke
وقتی is universal and casual. زمانی که is slightly more structured and common in academic or journalistic prose.

زمانی که خورشید غروب می‌کند، هوا سرد می‌شود.

(At the time that the sun sets, the air becomes cold.)

Another common alternative is هنگامی که (hangāmi ke). This is more formal than both وقتی and زمانی که. You will frequently encounter it in literature, formal speeches, and news reports. It conveys a sense of a specific 'moment' or 'occasion'. Similarly, موقعی که (mowqe'i ke) is used, often in spoken Persian, to mean 'at the moment that' or 'on the occasion that'.

Comparison: Hangāmi Ke vs. Mowqe'i Ke
هنگامی که is literary and formal. موقعی که is more colloquial and situational.

موقعی که داشتم می‌رفتم، او را دیدم.

(At the moment I was going, I saw him.)

In classical poetry and very formal prose, you might see چون (chun) or چون که (chun ke) used to mean 'when'. However, in modern Persian, چون almost exclusively means 'because' or 'like'. Be careful when reading older texts, as context is key to determining if it means 'when' or 'since'. Additionally, همین که (hamin ke) means 'as soon as', which is a more specific version of 'when'.

همین که رسیدم، باران شروع شد.

(As soon as I arrived, the rain started.)
Summary of Alternatives
1. زمانی که (General/Formal), 2. هنگامی که (Formal/Literary), 3. موقعی که (Colloquial/Situational), 4. همین که (Immediate/As soon as).

هنگامی که به مقصد رسیدیم، شب شده بود.

(When we reached the destination, it had become night.)

By mastering these alternatives, you not only expand your vocabulary but also gain the ability to adjust your tone to suit any situation. While وقتی remains your reliable 'workhorse' word for 'when', these synonyms allow for greater expressive range in your Persian journey.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Despite its Arabic root, 'vaqti' is used in a way that is uniquely Persian. In Arabic, the equivalent would be 'indamā' or 'lammā', showing how Persian adopted the noun but created its own grammatical function for it.

発音ガイド

UK /vækˈtiː/
US /vækˈti/
The primary stress is on the second syllable: vaq-TI.
韻が合う語
سختی (sakhti - difficulty) تختی (takhti - bed/throne) بختی (bakhti - luck/fortune) رختی (rakhti - clothing) لختی (lakhti - a moment/nakedness) پختی (pokhti - you cooked) دوختی (dukhti - you sewed) سوختی (sukhti - you burned)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the 'q' as a 'k' (vakti). While understandable, the deep 'q' sound is more authentic.
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable (VAQ-ti).
  • Pronouncing the 'v' as a 'w' (waqti). Persian has a 'v' sound, not a 'w'.
  • Making the final 'i' too short.
  • Confusing the 'a' sound with a long 'ā' (vâqti).

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize as it appears frequently in almost all texts.

ライティング 2/5

Requires understanding of clause structure and verb placement at the end.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to use, but learners must avoid using it for questions.

リスニング 1/5

Very common and usually pronounced clearly.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

وقت (Time) که (That/Which) بودن (To be) رفتن (To go) دیدن (To see)

次に学ぶ

اگر (If) چون (Because) قبل از اینکه (Before) بعد از اینکه (After) تا (Until)

上級

هنگامی که (When - Formal) زمانی که (When - Neutral) به محض اینکه (As soon as) مادامی که (As long as) در حالی که (While)

知っておくべき文法

Temporal Subordination

وقتی باران می‌بارد (Subordinate), زمین خیس می‌شود (Main).

Past for Future Completion

وقتی رسیدم (Past form) زنگ می‌زنم (Future meaning).

Subjunctive for Potentiality

وقتی هوا خوب باشد (Subjunctive), می‌رویم بیرون.

Verb-Final Word Order

وقتی من او را *دیدم*...

Optional 'Ke' Particle

وقتی که می‌آیی vs وقتی می‌آیی

レベル別の例文

1

وقتی گرسنه هستم، نان می‌خورم.

When I am hungry, I eat bread.

Simple present tense used for a habitual fact.

2

وقتی باران می‌بارد، چتر برمی‌دارم.

When it rains, I take an umbrella.

The 'vaqti' clause sets the condition.

3

وقتی او را دیدم، سلام کردم.

When I saw him, I said hello.

Simple past tense used for completed actions.

4

وقتی خسته هستی، بخواب.

When you are tired, sleep.

Imperative mood used in the main clause.

5

وقتی خورشید بالا می‌آید، روز شروع می‌شود.

When the sun comes up, the day begins.

Describing a natural sequence of events.

6

وقتی به خانه می‌روم، تلویزیون می‌بینم.

When I go home, I watch TV.

Habitual action in the present tense.

7

وقتی چای داغ است، صبر می‌کنم.

When the tea is hot, I wait.

Simple condition and result.

8

وقتی معلم می‌آید، ما ساکت می‌شویم.

When the teacher comes, we become quiet.

Action triggered by another event.

1

وقتی رسیدم، به تو زنگ می‌زنم.

When I arrive (literally: arrived), I will call you.

Past tense used for a future 'when' clause.

2

وقتی بچه بودم، در این کوچه بازی می‌کردم.

When I was a child, I used to play in this alley.

Imperfect past used for habitual past actions.

3

وقتی هوا خوب باشد، به پارک می‌رویم.

When the weather is good, we go to the park.

Subjunctive mood used for a possible condition.

4

وقتی درس تمام شد، می‌توانیم بیرون برویم.

When the lesson is finished, we can go out.

Past tense indicating completion of the condition.

5

وقتی او صحبت می‌کرد، همه گوش می‌دادند.

When he was speaking, everyone was listening.

Past continuous used for simultaneous actions.

6

وقتی پول داشته باشم، یک ماشین می‌خرم.

When I have money, I will buy a car.

Subjunctive mood for a future condition.

7

وقتی فیلم تمام شد، چراغ‌ها را روشن کن.

When the movie is finished, turn on the lights.

Sequence of instructions.

8

وقتی او را دیدی، این نامه را به او بده.

When you see him (literally: saw), give him this letter.

Past tense for a future condition.

1

وقتی داشتم آشپزی می‌کردم، دستم را بریدم.

When I was cooking, I cut my hand.

Past continuous setting the scene for a sudden event.

2

وقتی که به شهر رسیدیم، باران شدیدی می‌بارید.

When we reached the city, it was raining heavily.

Use of 'vaqti ke' for more explicit connection.

3

وقتی متوجه شد که کلید را گم کرده، نگران شد.

When he realized he had lost the key, he became worried.

Complex sentence with nested clauses.

4

وقتی به گذشته فکر می‌کنم، خاطرات خوبی دارم.

When I think about the past, I have good memories.

Abstract temporal relationship.

5

وقتی می‌خواهی تصمیم بگیری، عجله نکن.

When you want to make a decision, do not hurry.

Advice given based on a temporal condition.

6

وقتی که خورشید پشت کوه رفت، هوا سرد شد.

When the sun went behind the mountain, the air got cold.

Describing a change in state.

7

وقتی او را در خیابان دیدم، نشناختم.

When I saw him in the street, I didn't recognize him.

Contrast between seeing and recognizing.

8

وقتی به مقصد برسیم، استراحت خواهیم کرد.

When we reach the destination, we will rest.

Future tense in the main clause.

1

وقتی با دقت به موضوع نگاه می‌کنیم، حقایق روشن می‌شوند.

When we look at the subject carefully, the facts become clear.

Formal usage in an analytical context.

2

وقتی که دولت سیاست‌های جدید را اعلام کرد، بازار واکنش نشان داد.

When the government announced new policies, the market reacted.

Journalistic register.

3

وقتی انسان با چالش‌های بزرگ روبرو می‌شود، قدرت واقعی‌اش را می‌شناسد.

When a person faces great challenges, they know their true strength.

Philosophical or motivational statement.

4

وقتی که صدای موسیقی از دور می‌آمد، احساس آرامش می‌کردم.

When the sound of music was coming from afar, I felt peaceful.

Evocative, descriptive language.

5

وقتی می‌خواهید زبان جدیدی یاد بگیرید، باید صبور باشید.

When you want to learn a new language, you must be patient.

General advice for a complex process.

6

وقتی که برف تمام زمین را پوشاند، شهر ساکت شد.

When the snow covered the whole ground, the city became silent.

Describing a transformation of environment.

7

وقتی او به اشتباه خود پی برد، بلافاصله عذرخواهی کرد.

When he realized his mistake, he immediately apologized.

Cause and immediate effect.

8

وقتی که تکنولوژی پیشرفت می‌کند، سبک زندگی ما نیز تغییر می‌یابد.

When technology advances, our lifestyle also changes.

Discussing societal trends.

1

وقتی که پرده‌ها کنار رفتند، حقیقت عریان بر همگان آشکار گشت.

When the curtains were pulled back, the naked truth became clear to everyone.

Literary and metaphorical usage.

2

وقتی که نویسنده از تجربیات شخصی خود بهره می‌گیرد، اثرش صمیمی‌تر می‌شود.

When the writer draws from their personal experiences, their work becomes more intimate.

Literary criticism register.

3

وقتی که تمدن‌ها در اوج قدرت هستند، غالباً از زوال خود غافل می‌مانند.

When civilizations are at the peak of power, they are often oblivious to their decline.

Historical and philosophical analysis.

4

وقتی که سکوت بر فضا حاکم شد، صدای تپش قلبم را می‌شنیدم.

When silence dominated the space, I could hear the beating of my heart.

High-level descriptive prose.

5

وقتی که مفاهیم انتزاعی به زبان ساده بیان شوند، درک آن‌ها آسان‌تر است.

When abstract concepts are expressed in simple language, understanding them is easier.

Academic discourse.

6

وقتی که شاعر از استعاره‌های نو استفاده می‌کند، زبان را غنی‌تر می‌سازد.

When the poet uses new metaphors, they enrich the language.

Discussion of aesthetics.

7

وقتی که بحران‌های اقتصادی بروز می‌کنند، اقشار آسیب‌پذیر بیشترین رنج را می‌برند.

When economic crises emerge, vulnerable groups suffer the most.

Socio-political analysis.

8

وقتی که نگاهی گذرا به تاریخ می‌اندازیم، الگوهای تکرار شونده را می‌بینیم.

When we take a fleeting look at history, we see recurring patterns.

Intellectual reflection.

1

وقتی که غبار ایام بر خاطره‌ها می‌نشیند، بازخوانی گذشته دشوار می‌گردد.

When the dust of time settles on memories, re-reading the past becomes difficult.

Highly poetic and sophisticated metaphor.

2

وقتی که مرزهای میان واقعیت و رویا در هم می‌آمیزند، هنر متولد می‌شود.

When the boundaries between reality and dream blend together, art is born.

Philosophical exploration of creativity.

3

وقتی که ساختارهای سنتی فرو می‌پاشند، ضرورت بازتعریف هویت احساس می‌شود.

When traditional structures collapse, the necessity of redefining identity is felt.

Sociological discourse at a high level.

4

وقتی که کلمات از بیان عمق فاجعه باز می‌مانند، سکوت تنها مرهم است.

When words fail to express the depth of the tragedy, silence is the only balm.

Profound emotional and existential reflection.

5

وقتی که تضادهای درونی به اوج می‌رسند، تحولی بنیادین در روان آدمی رخ می‌دهد.

When internal contradictions reach their peak, a fundamental transformation occurs in the human psyche.

Psychological and philosophical analysis.

6

وقتی که عدالت در مسلخ مصلحت ذبح می‌شود، بنیان‌های جامعه سست می‌گردد.

When justice is slaughtered at the altar of expediency, the foundations of society weaken.

Political philosophy and ethical critique.

7

وقتی که روح در کالبد زمان به پرواز در می‌آید، ابدیت را لمس می‌کند.

When the soul takes flight in the body of time, it touches eternity.

Mystical and metaphysical prose.

8

وقتی که اندیشه از بند تعصب رها شود، افق‌های نوینی پیش روی بشر گشوده خواهد شد.

When thought is freed from the bonds of prejudice, new horizons will open before humanity.

Visionary and humanist discourse.

よく使う組み合わせ

وقتی که
درست وقتی که
حتی وقتی که
فقط وقتی که
وقتی رسیدم
وقتی بچه بودم
وقتی هوا...
وقتی متوجه شدم
وقتی لازم است
وقتی می‌بینی

よく使うフレーズ

وقتی که گذشت

— Referring to time that has already passed. Used in nostalgic or regretful contexts.

وقتی که گذشت، دیگر برنمی‌گردد.

وقتی برای تلف کردن نداریم

— We have no time to waste. A common expression of urgency.

عجله کن، وقتی برای تلف کردن نداریم.

وقتی به خودت می‌آیی

— When you come to your senses or realize something suddenly.

وقتی به خودت می‌آیی که دیگر دیر شده.

وقتی حرف می‌زنی

— When you speak. Often used to give advice on communication.

وقتی حرف می‌زنی، با دقت فکر کن.

وقتی از خواب بیدار می‌شوم

— When I wake up. A standard part of describing daily routines.

وقتی از خواب بیدار می‌شوم، قهوه می‌نوشم.

وقتی خورشید غروب می‌کند

— When the sun sets. Used to describe the evening time.

وقتی خورشید غروب می‌کند، به خانه برمی‌گردیم.

وقتی باران بند آمد

— When the rain stopped. Used to describe a change in weather.

وقتی باران بند آمد، بیرون رفتیم.

وقتی بزرگ شدی

— When you grow up. Common phrase used with children.

وقتی بزرگ شدی، می‌فهمی.

وقتی فرصت داری

— When you have the opportunity/time.

وقتی فرصت داری، به من سر بزن.

وقتی همه چیز تمام شد

— When everything is over. Used after a big event or crisis.

وقتی همه چیز تمام شد، نفس راحتی کشیدیم.

よく混同される語

وقتی vs کی (Key)

Key is for questions ('When?'), Vaqti is for statements ('When...'). This is the most critical distinction.

وقتی vs اگر (Agar)

Agar means 'if' (uncertainty), while Vaqti means 'when' (certainty of the time).

وقتی vs تا (Tā)

Tā can mean 'until' or 'as soon as', overlapping slightly with Vaqti, but it focuses on the limit or the start of a period.

慣用句と表現

"وقتی که آب از سر گذشت"

— When it's too late to worry because the damage is already done. Similar to 'in for a penny, in for a pound'.

وقتی آب از سر گذشت، چه یک وجب چه صد وجب.

Colloquial/Proverbial
"وقتی که خر از پل گذشت"

— When someone has achieved their goal and no longer cares about those who helped them.

وقتی خرش از پل گذشت، دیگر ما را نمی‌شناسد.

Informal/Cynical
"وقتی که کوه به کوه نمی‌رسد"

— Part of a proverb meaning people will eventually meet again, even if mountains don't.

کوه به کوه نمی‌رسد، ولی آدم به آدم می‌رسد.

Traditional
"وقتی که گل نی در بیاید"

— When the reed flowers (which it never does). Used to mean 'never'.

وقتی گل نی در بیاید، پولت را پس می‌دهم.

Sarcastic
"وقتی که تنور داغ است"

— Strike while the iron is hot. Do something while the conditions are perfect.

تا تنور داغ است نان را بچسبان.

Proverbial
"وقتی که ماه از پشت ابر در می‌آید"

— When the truth finally becomes clear after being hidden.

بالاخره ماه از پشت ابر در می‌آید و همه می‌فهمند.

Poetic/Metaphorical
"وقتی که کارد به استخوان می‌رسد"

— When a situation becomes unbearable or reaches a breaking point.

وقتی کارد به استخوان رسید، مجبور شدیم اعتراض کنیم.

Dramatic
"وقتی که چشمش به جمال کسی افتاد"

— When someone's eyes fall upon someone's beauty (when they see someone).

وقتی چشمش به جمال او افتاد، عاشق شد.

Literary/Romantic
"وقتی که ورق برمی‌گردد"

— When the tables turn or the situation changes completely.

وقتی ورق برگشت، او پشیمان شد.

Common
"وقتی که سرش به سنگ خورد"

— When someone learns a hard lesson through failure or pain.

وقتی سرش به سنگ خورد، آدم شد.

Informal

間違えやすい

وقتی vs کی

Both translate to 'when' in English.

Key is interrogative (asking a question), Vaqti is a conjunction (joining clauses).

کی می‌آیی؟ (When are you coming?) vs وقتی می‌آیی... (When you come...)

وقتی vs چون

In classical Persian, it meant 'when'.

In modern Persian, it almost always means 'because'.

چون گرسنه بودم خوردم (Because I was hungry I ate).

وقتی vs زمانی

Both relate to time.

Zamāni is a noun/adjective meaning 'a time' or 'temporal', while Vaqti is the conjunction.

زمانی که... (At the time that...)

وقتی vs وقت

They share the same root.

Waqt is the noun 'time', Vaqti is the conjunction 'when'.

وقت ندارم (I don't have time).

وقتی vs موقع

Both used for timing.

Mowqe' usually refers to a specific occasion or position in time.

موقعی که... (On the occasion that...)

文型パターン

A1

وقتی [Adjective] هستم، [Action].

وقتی تشنه هستم، آب می‌خورم.

A2

وقتی [Past Verb]، [Main Action].

وقتی رسیدم، غذا خوردم.

B1

وقتی داشتم [Past Continuous Verb]، [Sudden Action].

وقتی داشتم می‌رفتم، او را دیدم.

B2

وقتی که [Subjunctive Verb]، [Future Action].

وقتی که باران ببارد، گل‌ها رشد می‌کنند.

C1

وقتی که [Complex Clause], [Formal Main Clause].

وقتی که تضادها آشکار گشت، صلح برقرار شد.

C2

وقتی [Metaphorical Clause], [Philosophical Main Clause].

وقتی غبار غم برفت، شادی پدیدار شد.

A1

وقتی [Noun] [Verb], [Result].

وقتی مامان می‌آید، من خوشحال می‌شوم.

A2

وقتی [Time Word] بود، [Past Action].

وقتی شب بود، ما خوابیدیم.

語族

名詞

وقت (waqt - time)
اوقات (owqāt - times/moods)
وقت‌شناسی (waqt-shenāsi - punctuality)

動詞

وقت گذاشتن (waqt gozāshtan - to spend time)
وقت گرفتن (waqt gereftan - to take time/make an appointment)

形容詞

موقت (movaqqat - temporary)
به‌موقع (be-mowqe' - on time)
بی‌وقت (bi-waqt - untimely)

関連

زمان (zamān - time/era)
هنگام (hangām - time/moment)
موقع (mowqe' - time/situation)
دوره (dowre - period/cycle)
لحظه (lahze - moment)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high; it is one of the top 100 most used words in Persian.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'وقتی' for questions. کی می‌آیی؟

    'وقتی' is only for statements. Use 'کی' for questions.

  • Putting the verb in the middle of the clause. وقتی او را دیدم...

    Persian is verb-final. The verb must end the 'vaqti' clause.

  • Using future tense for future 'when' clauses. وقتی رسیدم، زنگ می‌زنم.

    Native speakers prefer the past tense to show the condition is met.

  • Confusing 'وقتی' with 'اگر'. وقتی باران ببارد (When it rains) vs اگر باران ببارد (If it rains).

    Use 'vaqti' for certain events and 'agar' for uncertain ones.

  • Overusing 'که' in very casual speech. وقتی رفتم...

    In informal Tehran dialect, 'ke' is often omitted.

ヒント

Verb Placement

Always remember that in a 'vaqti' clause, the verb must come at the end of that specific clause, just before the comma.

Natural Flow

To sound more like a native, try dropping the 'ke' in casual conversations. 'Vaqti raftam' sounds more natural than 'Vaqti ke raftam'.

Avoid Confusion

Keep a clear mental wall between 'key' (question) and 'vaqti' (conjunction). Never mix them up!

Formal Synonyms

If you are writing a formal letter or essay, use 'زمانی که' or 'هنگامی که' to elevate your style.

Pitch Cues

Listen for a rising pitch at the end of a 'vaqti' clause; it's a signal that the speaker is about to deliver the main point.

Root Link

Link 'vaqti' to 'waqt' (time). If you know 'waqt', you're halfway to mastering 'vaqti'.

Storytelling

Notice how 'vaqti' is used to start anecdotes. It's a great way to engage listeners when telling a story.

Future Tense

Don't be afraid to use the past tense for future events after 'vaqti'. It's perfectly correct and very common.

Context Clues

In older texts, if you see 'chun', check if it can be replaced by 'vaqti'. It might be an archaic 'when'.

Daily Routine

Practice by describing your daily routine out loud using 'vaqti' for every step.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Vaqti' as 'Vacation-Time'. When (Vaqti) you are on vacation, you have time (Waqt) to relax. The 'i' at the end links the time to the action.

視覚的連想

Imagine a clock with a bridge coming out of it. The clock represents 'Waqt' (time) and the bridge represents the 'i' that connects two parts of your life (sentence).

Word Web

وقت (Time) ساعت (Clock/Hour) دیر (Late) زود (Early) حالا (Now) بعداً (Later) همیشه (Always) هرگز (Never)

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about your morning routine using 'وقتی'. For example: 'When I wake up...', 'When I drink coffee...', 'When I leave the house...'

語源

The word is a hybrid construction. The base 'وقت' (waqt) is a direct loanword from Arabic, where it means 'time'. The suffix 'ی' (-i) is a Persian relative or attributive marker. Together, they formed a word that originally meant 'at the time of' or 'pertaining to time', which eventually solidified into the conjunction 'when'.

元の意味: At the time that / Pertaining to time.

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) root.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities. It is a neutral, essential grammatical word.

English speakers should note that Persian doesn't distinguish between 'when' (simultaneous) and 'when' (whenever) as clearly as some other languages; 'vaqti' covers both.

The song 'Vaqti Miay' by Hayedeh, a legendary Persian singer. Modern Iranian cinema often uses 'Vaqti...' in film titles to suggest a narrative turning point. Classical poetry by Saadi often uses temporal markers to discuss the fleeting nature of life.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Daily Routine

  • وقتی بیدار می‌شوم...
  • وقتی صبحانه می‌خورم...
  • وقتی به کار می‌روم...
  • وقتی برمی‌گردم...

Travel

  • وقتی به فرودگاه رسیدیم...
  • وقتی بلیط خریدم...
  • وقتی هتل را پیدا کردیم...
  • وقتی باران بارید...

Cooking

  • وقتی آب جوش آمد...
  • وقتی نمک زدی...
  • وقتی غذا پخت...
  • وقتی سفره را چیدی...

Socializing

  • وقتی او را دیدی سلام برسان.
  • وقتی وقت داری زنگ بزن.
  • وقتی آمدی خوشحال شدیم.
  • وقتی رفتی دلمان تنگ شد.

Work/Study

  • وقتی جلسه تمام شد...
  • وقتی گزارش را نوشتی...
  • وقتی درس می‌خوانی...
  • وقتی حقوق گرفتم...

会話のきっかけ

"وقتی بچه بودی، دوست داشتی چه کاره شوی؟ (When you were a kid, what did you want to be?)"

"وقتی باران می‌بارد، معمولاً چه کار می‌کنی؟ (When it rains, what do you usually do?)"

"وقتی برای اولین بار به ایران آمدی، چه حسی داشتی؟ (When you first came to Iran, how did you feel?)"

"وقتی خسته هستی، بهترین راه برای استراحت چیست؟ (When you are tired, what is the best way to rest?)"

"وقتی فیلم می‌بینی، ترجیح می‌دهی تنها باشی یا با دوستان؟ (When you watch a movie, do you prefer to be alone or with friends?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که وقتی یک خبر خوب شنیدید، چه واکنشی داشتید. (Write about a time when you heard good news, what was your reaction?)

وقتی در زندگی با مشکلی روبرو می‌شوید، چگونه آن را حل می‌کنید؟ (When you face a problem in life, how do you solve it?)

یک روز ایده‌آل را توصیف کنید؛ وقتی بیدار می‌شوید تا وقتی می‌خوابید. (Describe an ideal day; from when you wake up until when you sleep.)

وقتی به آینده فکر می‌کنید، چه آرزوهایی دارید؟ (When you think about the future, what wishes do you have?)

درباره وقتی بنویسید که یک دوست قدیمی را بعد از سال‌ها دیدید. (Write about when you saw an old friend after many years.)

よくある質問

10 問

No, you cannot. For questions, you must use 'کی' (key). 'وقتی' is only for linking two parts of a statement. For example, 'وقتی مهمانی شروع شد...' (When the party started...).

There is no difference in meaning. 'وقتی که' is slightly more formal and common in writing, while 'وقتی' is more common in casual speech. Both are grammatically correct.

This is a common feature of Persian. It emphasizes that the first action must be 'completed' before the second one starts. For example, 'وقتی رسیدم' (literally: when I arrived) means 'as soon as I reach there'.

The root 'وقت' (waqt) is Arabic, but the word 'وقتی' (vaqti) as a conjunction is a Persian construction. It's a great example of how Persian has integrated Arabic vocabulary into its own grammar.

Yes, 'وقتی' can often be translated as 'while' if the two actions are happening at the same time. However, 'در حالی که' (dar hāli ke) is more specific for 'while'.

No, it can also come in the middle. For example, 'من می‌خوابم وقتی خسته هستم' (I sleep when I am tired), though starting with 'وقتی' is more common.

The most formal way is 'هنگامی که' (hangāmi ke), which is frequently used in literature and news broadcasts.

Not usually in the same clause. 'وقتی' implies the event will happen, while 'اگر' implies it might happen. They serve different logical functions.

The 'q' (ق) is a voiced uvular stop. It's produced by touching the back of your tongue to the very back of your throat (the uvula). It sounds a bit like a deep, gargling 'g'.

Yes, 'وقتی' is used in all major dialects of Persian, including Dari (Afghanistan) and Tajiki (Tajikistan), with the same meaning and function.

自分をテスト 200 問

writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I am tired, I sleep.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When it rains, I take an umbrella.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I saw him, I said hello.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When you arrive, call me.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I was a child, I lived here.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When the movie finished, we went home.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I have money, I will buy a car.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I was cooking, the phone rang.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When the sun sets, it gets cold.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When you are ready, let's go.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I think about you, I smile.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When the teacher came, the students were quiet.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When you don't know, don't speak.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I reached the city, it was night.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I realized, it was too late.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When the water boils, add the rice.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I am happy, I sing.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When you see him, give him this.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When the snow fell, the city was beautiful.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I am hungry, I eat.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I was a child, I played here.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When it rains, I am happy.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I see you, I am glad.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I arrived, he was gone.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When you have time, call me.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When the sun comes up, I wake up.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I grow up, I will travel.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I am tired, I drink tea.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When the lesson is over, we can go.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I saw the movie, I cried.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When you are ready, tell me.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I think about home, I feel nostalgic.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When the water is hot, be careful.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I finish work, I go to the gym.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When the door opened, he entered.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I have money, I will buy a gift.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When the music started, they danced.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When I realized the truth, I was shocked.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say: 'When you go to the market, buy bread.'

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی رسیدم زنگ می‌زنم.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی باران می‌بارد خوشحالم.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی بچه بودم اینجا بودم.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی خسته هستی بخواب.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی او آمد من رفتم.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی درس تمام شد بیا.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی گرسنه هستم نان می‌خورم.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی خورشید غروب کرد سرد شد.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی او را دیدی سلام برسان.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی داشتم می‌آمدم دیدمش.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی متوجه شدم دیر بود.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی برف بارید شهر سفید شد.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی پول داری بخر.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی می‌خواهی بروی در را ببند.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and transcribe: 'وقتی بیدار شدم خورشید بود.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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