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B1 noun #2,000 よく出る 9分で読める

روابط

Q: What are some common adjectives used with 'روابط'?

Common adjectives include بینالملل (international), دیپلماتیک (diplomatic), تجاری (commercial), دوستانه (friendly), حسنه (good/amicable), and تیره (strained/dark). Remember to use the Ezafe (-e) to connect them!

ravabet 上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント روابط 30秒で

解説 روابط in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are primarily focused on basic survival vocabulary and simple sentence structures. The word روابط is generally considered too advanced and abstract for active production at this stage. A1 learners typically learn the singular form, رابطه (rābete), in the context of simple family or friend connections, if at all. However, they might encounter the plural form passively in environmental print, such as signs for 'Public Relations' (روابط عمومی) in large buildings, hospitals, or government offices. The goal at this level is merely visual recognition. Teachers might introduce the word briefly when discussing jobs, pointing out that someone works in 'PR', but detailed grammatical explanations of broken plurals are avoided. The cognitive load of understanding abstract nouns and their pluralization rules is deferred to later stages. A1 learners should focus on recognizing the shape of the word and associating it vaguely with people or offices. They are not expected to use it in sentences, conjugate verbs around it, or understand its nuances in diplomacy or sociology. It remains a background vocabulary item, a seed planted for future acquisition when their linguistic framework is robust enough to handle abstract concepts.

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As learners progress to the A2 level, their vocabulary expands to include more routine and daily life topics. Here, the word روابط begins to transition from purely passive recognition to limited, structured active use. Learners might start using it to describe general family dynamics or simple social situations. They learn to pair it with basic adjectives like خوب (good) or بد (bad). For example, they can understand and produce sentences like 'روابط خانواده ما خوب است' (Our family relations are good). At this stage, the concept of the Arabic broken plural is introduced gently; they learn that this word is the plural of رابطه, even if they don't yet master the underlying morphological rules. They begin to notice its presence in simplified news headlines or graded readers. The focus is on practical, high-frequency collocations. They learn that having 'good relations' with neighbors or colleagues is a common topic of polite conversation. However, their use of the word remains somewhat rigid, relying on memorized chunks rather than spontaneous, complex sentence generation. Errors in preposition usage (e.g., using 'به' instead of 'با') are common and expected at this level as they experiment with the word in new contexts.

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The B1 level marks a significant turning point in language acquisition, and this is where the word روابط truly becomes an active, essential part of the learner's vocabulary. At this intermediate stage, learners are expected to discuss a wider range of topics, including current events, work environments, and social issues. They must now confidently use the word in its plural sense, distinguishing it clearly from the singular. They learn a broader spectrum of adjectives to modify it, such as دوستانه (friendly), تجاری (commercial), and بین‌المللی (international). They are taught the specific verbs that collocate with it, like برقرار کردن (to establish) and قطع کردن (to cut). B1 learners can comprehend news broadcasts discussing diplomatic relations and can express their own opinions on these matters in a simplified manner. They understand the Ezafe construction perfectly well and apply it to link the noun with its modifiers. Furthermore, they are introduced to the concept of 'روابط عمومی' (Public Relations) as a specific professional field. The word becomes a tool for expressing abstract thought, allowing them to describe the quality and nature of interactions between groups, companies, or countries, moving far beyond the simple personal connections discussed at the A2 level.

At the B2 upper-intermediate level, learners achieve a high degree of fluency and nuance in their use of the word روابط. They are no longer just making simple statements; they are analyzing, arguing, and hypothesizing. They can read authentic, unadapted texts—such as newspaper editorials, academic articles, and literature—where the word is used in complex syntactic structures. They understand the subtle differences between synonyms like ارتباطات, مناسبات, and پیوندها, and can choose the most appropriate word based on the register and context. B2 learners can discuss the psychological aspects of human relations, the economic implications of trade relations, and the historical context of diplomatic ties. They are comfortable using passive voice constructions with the word, such as 'روابط برقرار شد' (relations were established). They also become aware of cultural idioms and critiques, such as the contrast between روابط (connections/nepotism) and ضوابط (rules). Their vocabulary surrounding the word expands to include sophisticated verbs like بهبود بخشیدن (to ameliorate) and تیره شدن (to deteriorate). At this stage, errors in usage are rare, and the word is integrated seamlessly into their active, spontaneous speech and formal writing.

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The C1 advanced level demands near-native proficiency, characterized by the ability to use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. For the word روابط, this means mastering its use in highly specialized and abstract contexts. C1 learners can engage in deep philosophical, sociological, or political discussions where the nature of relationships is deconstructed. They can read complex academic papers on international relations theory or organizational psychology and fully grasp the nuanced use of the term. They employ a vast array of sophisticated collocations and idiomatic expressions. They can write formal essays, reports, and official correspondence using the word with absolute precision, adhering to the highest standards of Persian rhetoric. They understand the historical and etymological weight of the Arabic root and how it influences the word's connotations. At this level, they can play with the language, using the word rhetorically or sarcastically if the context demands it. They are acutely aware of the sociolinguistic implications of using this word versus a native Persian equivalent, adjusting their vocabulary to suit their audience, whether they are addressing a formal academic conference or writing a critical op-ed for a newspaper.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's command of the word روابط is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They possess an intuitive, instantaneous grasp of the word's multifaceted meanings across all possible domains—from quantum physics (describing relationships between particles) to high-level geopolitical strategy. They can effortlessly navigate the most complex, convoluted texts, such as classical literature, legal documents, or dense philosophical treatises, where the word might be used in archaic or highly specialized ways. C2 learners do not just use the word; they can critique its usage by others, recognizing subtle biases or rhetorical strategies in political speeches or media reports. They can invent new, contextually appropriate compound phrases using the word if necessary. Their understanding transcends grammar and vocabulary; it encompasses the entire cultural, historical, and intellectual ecosystem in which the word exists. They can seamlessly translate complex concepts involving 'relations' between Persian and their native language, capturing every nuance, tone, and implied meaning. At this pinnacle of language learning, the word is a fully integrated, deeply understood component of their cognitive linguistic framework, deployed with elegance, precision, and effortless mastery.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

روابط 30秒で

Means 'relations' or 'connections'.
Plural of 'رابطه' (rābete).
Used in diplomacy, business, and society.
Takes the preposition 'با' (with) or 'بین' (between).

The Persian word روابط (ravābet) is an essential and highly versatile noun that translates to relations, connections, ties, or relationships in English. It is the broken plural form of the singular noun رابطه (rābete), derived from the Arabic root ر-ب-ط (r-b-t), which fundamentally conveys the idea of binding, tying, or connecting things together. Understanding this word is crucial for learners at the B1 level and beyond, as it forms the cornerstone of discussions ranging from personal human interactions to complex international diplomacy. When we talk about human connections, this term encapsulates the intricate web of interactions that define our social existence. It goes beyond mere acquaintance, implying a sustained and often structured interaction between entities. In sociological contexts, it refers to the behavioral patterns and mutual expectations between individuals or groups. In political science, it is the standard term for diplomatic and international ties.

Linguistic Root: Derived from Arabic, utilizing the broken plural pattern 'fawā'il' which is common for feminine nouns ending in 'teh marbuta' in Arabic, adapted into Persian.

The usage of this word extends into various domains including mathematics, where it describes the relationship between different variables or sets, and business, where it pertains to public relations (روابط عمومی) or corporate ties. The concept of binding inherent in its root is metaphorically extended to the invisible bonds that hold people, organizations, and nations together.

آنها روابط بسیار خوبی با همسایگان خود دارند.

This sentence illustrates a common everyday usage, highlighting positive social ties. Furthermore, the term is frequently modified by adjectives to specify the nature of the connection, such as روابط دوستانه (friendly relations), روابط تجاری (commercial relations), or روابط تیره (strained relations). The depth of this word allows speakers to navigate complex social landscapes. It is not just about knowing someone; it is about the dynamic, ongoing process of relating. In psychology, it describes the emotional and cognitive connections between individuals, often explored in the context of family dynamics or romantic partnerships. The ability to articulate the state of these connections is a key marker of fluency.

Colloquial Usage: In everyday speech, people might use the singular 'رابطه' even when referring to multiple connections, but 'روابط' is preferred for institutional or generalized ties.

قطع روابط دیپلماتیک یک تصمیم جدی است.

This highlights its critical role in formal and news contexts.

ما باید روابط خود را بهبود بخشیم.

گسترش روابط فرهنگی بین دو کشور.

این سازمان مسئول روابط عمومی است.

Semantic Nuance: Unlike simple links, this word implies a complex network of interactions, often with historical or emotional weight attached to them.

Mastering this word opens up a vast array of conversational and academic possibilities for the Persian learner.

Using the word روابط correctly requires an understanding of its syntactic environment, including the verbs it pairs with, the prepositions that follow it, and the adjectives that describe it. As a noun, it typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence. The most common verbs associated with this word are برقرار کردن (to establish), داشتن (to have), قطع کردن (to cut/sever), بهبود بخشیدن (to improve), and تیره شدن (to become strained).

Verb Collocations: Pairing the word with the correct light verb is essential. For instance, 'ایجاد روابط' means creating relations, often used in formal or business contexts.

When expressing who the relations are with, the preposition با (with) is predominantly used. For example, روابط با کشورهای همسایه (relations with neighboring countries). If you are describing the relations between two or more entities, the preposition بین (between) or میان (among/between) is used: روابط بین دو کشور (relations between the two countries).

رئیس جمهور خواستار بهبود روابط با اروپا شد.

This sentence demonstrates the use of the word as the object of the verbal noun 'بهبود' (improvement), followed by the preposition 'با'. Adjectives play a crucial role in defining the nature of the connections. Common adjectives include حسنه (good/amicable, often used in diplomacy), دوستانه (friendly), خصمانه (hostile), تجاری (commercial), اقتصادی (economic), and اجتماعی (social).

Ezafe Usage: The Ezafe is mandatory when linking this noun to its modifiers. Without it, the sentence becomes grammatically incorrect and incomprehensible.

آنها روابط پنهانی داشتند.

توسعه روابط دوجانبه اهمیت زیادی دارد.

این کتاب به بررسی روابط انسانی می‌پردازد.

مدیریت روابط مشتریان یک مهارت است.

In the context of public relations, the phrase روابط عمومی is a fixed term used extensively in corporate and governmental structures.

Compound Formations: The word frequently forms the first part of compound phrases defining specific fields of study or professional departments.

Understanding these syntactic patterns allows learners to construct complex, nuanced sentences about human and institutional interactions with confidence and accuracy.

The word روابط is ubiquitous in the Persian language, permeating various spheres of daily life, professional environments, and academic discourse. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in the news media. Whether it is television broadcasts, radio news, or online journalism, reports on international affairs rely heavily on this term.

News Media: Journalists use it daily to describe the shifting dynamics between nations, trade agreements, and diplomatic summits.

You will frequently hear phrases like روابط بین‌الملل (international relations) or روابط دیپلماتیک (diplomatic relations).

اخبار امروز درباره روابط خاورمیانه بود.

Beyond politics, the corporate world is another major domain for this word. Every medium to large company in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions has a department of روابط عمومی (Public Relations). Professionals in this field constantly use the term to discuss managing the company's image and its connections with the public and stakeholders. In academic settings, particularly in sociology, psychology, and political science, the word is foundational. University courses are dedicated to the study of روابط انسانی (human relations) and روابط کار (labor relations).

Academic Contexts: Scholars use the term to analyze structural connections within societies, families, and global systems.

استاد درباره روابط علت و معلولی صحبت کرد.

در روانشناسی، روابط خانوادگی بسیار مهم است.

این فیلم روابط پیچیده بین دوستان را نشان می‌دهد.

او مدیر روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه است.

In everyday conversations, people use it to discuss their personal lives, though often leaning towards the singular 'رابطه' for a specific romantic or friendly connection. However, when discussing the general state of interactions within a family or a group of friends, the plural form is highly appropriate.

Everyday Conversations: Used to describe the quality of interactions among relatives, colleagues, or neighbors.

From the highest levels of government diplomacy to the intimate discussions of family therapists, this word is an indispensable tool for expressing how entities connect and interact in the Persian-speaking world.

When learning the word روابط, students often encounter several pitfalls related to its grammatical properties, its Arabic origins, and its semantic boundaries. The most prevalent mistake is double pluralization. Because the word is an Arabic broken plural, it already carries a plural meaning (relations). However, Persian learners, and sometimes even native speakers in very colloquial contexts, mistakenly add the Persian plural suffix 'ها' (hā), resulting in روابط‌ها (ravābet-hā).

Double Pluralization: Adding Persian plural markers to Arabic broken plurals is grammatically incorrect in formal writing and should be strictly avoided.

Incorrect: روابط‌های آنها خراب شد. Correct: روابط آنها خراب شد.

Another common error involves confusing the plural form with its singular counterpart, رابطه (rābete). While they are related, they are not always interchangeable. If you are talking about a single, specific connection between two people (like a romantic relationship), you must use the singular. Using the plural in this context sounds unnatural and overly generalized. Learners also struggle with the correct prepositions. Translating directly from English can lead to errors. For example, saying 'relations to' might tempt a learner to use 'به' (be), but in Persian, we establish relations 'with' (با) or 'between' (بین).

Preposition Errors: Always use 'با' (with) when connecting the subject to the object of the relationship, not 'به' (to).

ما روابط خوبی با آنها داریم.

اشتباه: روابط به آن کشور. درست: روابط با آن کشور.

دقت کنید که روابط جمع است.

فعل مناسب برای روابط انتخاب کنید.

Furthermore, pronunciation mistakes can occur. The word is pronounced ra-vā-bet. Misplacing the stress or mispronouncing the vowels can lead to confusion with other Arabic-derived words that share similar phonetic patterns.

Pronunciation: Ensure the second syllable 'vā' is elongated properly, as short vowels can change the perceived word entirely.

By being mindful of these common errors—avoiding double plurals, choosing the right prepositions, and distinguishing it from its singular form—learners can significantly elevate the accuracy and naturalness of their Persian.

The Persian vocabulary is rich with synonyms and related terms for connections and relationships, many of which share Arabic roots. Understanding the subtle differences between these words is key to achieving advanced proficiency. A very common synonym is ارتباطات (ertebātāt), which translates to communications or connections. While highly similar, ارتباطات leans more heavily towards the exchange of information, telecommunications, or the physical/digital links between places, whereas روابط focuses more on the social, emotional, or diplomatic state of the connection.

ارتباطات vs روابط: Use ارتباطات for communication networks and media; use روابط for human, diplomatic, or social ties.

Another related word is مناسبات (monāsebāt), which also means relations or dealings. This term is highly formal and is almost exclusively used in political, diplomatic, or high-level business contexts. You might hear about مناسبات سیاسی (political relations), which is practically interchangeable with روابط سیاسی, but carries a slightly more elevated, bureaucratic tone.

آنها روابط و مناسبات خوبی دارند.

The word پیوندها (peyvand-hā) is a native Persian term meaning bonds, ties, or links. It carries a more poetic, emotional, or organic connotation compared to the more clinical Arabic borrowings. You would use پیوندها when talking about the deep bonds of brotherhood or cultural ties that span centuries.

Native Persian Alternative: پیوند (peyvand) emphasizes the act of joining or grafting, giving it a warmer, more visceral feel.

این دو کلمه، یعنی ارتباط و روابط، هم‌خانواده هستند.

تفاوت ظریفی بین روابط و پیوندها وجود دارد.

باید روابط را از ضوابط تشخیص داد.

کلمه مناسبات مترادف خوبی برای روابط است.

A very important phonetic and cultural distinction must be made with the word ضوابط (zavābet), which means rules, regulations, or criteria. There is a famous Persian rhyming idiom: روابط جای ضوابط را گرفته است (Relations have taken the place of regulations), which is a critique of nepotism and cronyism, implying that personal connections matter more than official rules.

Cultural Idiom: The contrast between 'ravābet' (connections) and 'zavābet' (rules) is a common theme in social critique.

By mastering these synonyms and related terms, learners can express themselves with greater precision and cultural awareness.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe construction (linking nouns to adjectives: روابطِ خوب)

Prepositions of connection (با, بین, میان)

Agreement with inanimate plurals (singular vs. plural verbs)

Arabic broken plurals in Persian

Compound noun formation (روابط عمومی)

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レベル別の例文

این دفتر روابط عمومی است.

This is the public relations office.

Used here as a fixed compound noun phrase.

من روابط خوب دارم.

I have good relations.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

روابط آنها بد است.

Their relations are bad.

Basic use of adjective with the verb 'to be'.

او در بخش روابط کار می کند.

He works in the relations department.

Used with a preposition of place.

روابط ما مهم است.

Our relations are important.

Using a possessive pronoun.

کلاس روابط انسانی.

Human relations class.

Noun-adjective combination using Ezafe.

روابط جدید.

New relations.

Simple noun phrase.

کتاب درباره روابط.

A book about relations.

Used after the preposition 'about'.

روابط خانواده ما بسیار گرم و صمیمی است.

Our family relations are very warm and intimate.

Using multiple adjectives linked with 'and'.

آنها روابط تجاری با چین دارند.

They have commercial relations with China.

Using 'with' (با) to show connection.

روابط بین دو دوست خیلی مهم است.

Relations between two friends are very important.

Using 'between' (بین).

من می‌خواهم روابط بهتری با همکارانم داشته باشم.

I want to have better relations with my colleagues.

Using comparative adjective (بهتر).

روابط عمومی شرکت ما یک پیام فرستاد.

Our company's public relations sent a message.

Used as the subject of an action verb.

آیا روابط شما با همسایه‌ها خوب است؟

Are your relations with the neighbors good?

Forming a yes/no question.

روابط آنها بعد از دعوا خراب شد.

Their relations got ruined after the fight.

Using a time clause (after).

ما باید روابط خود را حفظ کنیم.

We must maintain our relations.

Using a modal verb (must).

دو کشور تصمیم گرفتند روابط دیپلماتیک خود را از سر بگیرند.

The two countries decided to resume their diplomatic relations.

Complex sentence with an infinitive phrase.

توسعه روابط اقتصادی به نفع هر دو طرف است.

The development of economic relations is to the benefit of both sides.

Using a verbal noun (توسعه) as the subject.

مدیر روابط عمومی بیانیه‌ای در مورد این حادثه صادر کرد.

The public relations manager issued a statement regarding the incident.

Professional context vocabulary.

روابط بین‌الملل یک رشته تحصیلی بسیار جذاب در دانشگاه است.

International relations is a very fascinating field of study at the university.

Using the term as an academic discipline.

متأسفانه، روابط بین این دو گروه اخیراً تیره شده است.

Unfortunately, relations between these two groups have become strained recently.

Using present perfect tense and adverbs.

برقراری روابط دوستانه با کشورهای همسایه اولویت دولت است.

Establishing friendly relations with neighboring countries is the government's priority.

Using a gerund-like construction at the beginning.

شبکه‌های اجتماعی تأثیر زیادی بر روابط انسانی گذاشته‌اند.

Social networks have had a great impact on human relations.

Discussing abstract societal impacts.

آنها به دلیل مشکلات مالی مجبور به قطع روابط تجاری شدند.

They were forced to sever commercial relations due to financial problems.

Expressing cause and effect.

گسترش روزافزون روابط دوجانبه نیازمند برنامه‌ریزی دقیق و استراتژیک است.

The ever-increasing expansion of bilateral relations requires careful and strategic planning.

Advanced noun phrases and formal vocabulary.

در عصر جهانی‌شدن، هیچ کشوری نمی‌تواند بدون داشتن روابط گسترده با جهان پیشرفت کند.

In the era of globalization, no country can progress without having extensive relations with the world.

Complex conditional/prepositional structures.

روابط علت و معلولی در این پدیده اجتماعی بسیار پیچیده‌تر از آن چیزی است که به نظر می‌رسد.

The cause-and-effect relations in this social phenomenon are much more complex than they appear.

Academic/scientific terminology.

بسیاری معتقدند که در این اداره، روابط جای ضوابط را گرفته و شایسته‌سالاری از بین رفته است.

Many believe that in this office, relations (nepotism) have replaced regulations, and meritocracy has been destroyed.

Using cultural idioms and passive voice.

روانشناسان بر این باورند که کیفیت روابط اولیه کودک با والدین، شخصیت آینده او را شکل می‌دهد.

Psychologists believe that the quality of a child's early relations with parents shapes their future personality.

Reporting verbs and complex clauses.

تنش در روابط سیاسی دو کشور باعث نوسانات شدید در بازارهای مالی منطقه شد.

Tension in the political relations of the two countries caused severe fluctuations in the region's financial markets.

Expressing complex cause and effect in news contexts.

بخش روابط عمومی باید استراتژی‌های جدیدی برای مدیریت بحران و حفظ اعتبار سازمان تدوین کند.

The public relations department must formulate new strategies for crisis management and maintaining the organization's reputation.

Advanced professional and corporate vocabulary.

بهبود روابط کارگر و کارفرما می‌تواند به افزایش بهره‌وری و کاهش اعتصابات کارگری منجر شود.

Improving labor-management relations can lead to increased productivity and a reduction in labor strikes.

Discussing socio-economic concepts.

عادی‌سازی روابط دیپلماتیک پس از دهه‌ها خصومت، مستلزم امتیازدهی‌های متقابل و دیپلماسی پنهان بود.

The normalization of diplomatic relations after decades of hostility required mutual concessions and back-channel diplomacy.

Highly formal diplomatic register with complex verbal nouns.

در تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی، واکاوی روابط قدرت پنهان در متون رسانه‌ای از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است.

In political discourse analysis, examining the hidden power relations within media texts is of particular importance.

Academic register, specific to sociology/linguistics.

پیچیدگی‌های ژئوپلیتیکی منطقه، برقراری روابط پایدار و مبتنی بر اعتماد متقابل را تقریباً غیرممکن ساخته است.

The geopolitical complexities of the region have made establishing stable relations based on mutual trust almost impossible.

Advanced syntax with multiple modifiers and abstract concepts.

ساختار سلسله‌مراتبی سازمان، مانع از شکل‌گیری روابط افقی و جریان آزاد اطلاعات بین دپارتمان‌های مختلف می‌شود.

The hierarchical structure of the organization prevents the formation of horizontal relations and the free flow of information between different departments.

Corporate sociology terminology.

منتقدان بر این باورند که سیاست خارجی دولت در زمینه گسترش روابط با شرق، فاقد یک دکترین منسجم و بلندمدت است.

Critics believe that the government's foreign policy regarding the expansion of relations with the East lacks a coherent and long-term doctrine.

Expressing critical analysis of government policy.

در هم‌تنیدگی روابط اقتصادی در دنیای مدرن به گونه‌ای است که بحران در یک نقطه، به سرعت به سراسر جهان تسری می‌یابد.

The intertwining of economic relations in the modern world is such that a crisis in one place quickly spreads across the globe.

Using poetic/advanced descriptive phrases (در هم‌تنیدگی).

رسالت اصلی روابط عمومی نوین، گذار از تبلیغات یک‌سویه به سمت ایجاد تعامل و گفتمان دوطرفه با ذی‌نفعان است.

The main mission of modern public relations is the transition from one-way propaganda towards creating interaction and two-way discourse with stakeholders.

Advanced theoretical concepts in communications.

فروپاشی روابط سنتی خویشاوندی در جوامع در حال گذار، پیامدهای روان‌شناختی عمیقی برای نسل جوان به همراه داشته است.

The collapse of traditional kinship relations in transitional societies has brought profound psychological consequences for the younger generation.

Sociological analysis vocabulary.

دیالکتیک هگلی بر این پیش‌فرض استوار است که شناخت هر پدیده تنها از رهگذر درک روابط متضاد و درونی آن امکان‌پذیر است.

Hegelian dialectics rests on the premise that the cognition of any phenomenon is only possible through understanding its contradictory and internal relations.

Philosophical discourse, highly abstract.

در پارادایم ساختارگرایی، معنا نه در ذات نشانه‌ها، بلکه در شبکه درهم‌تنیده روابط افتراقی بین آن‌ها نهفته است.

In the structuralist paradigm, meaning lies not in the essence of signs, but in the intertwined network of differential relations between them.

Linguistic and literary theory register.

تغییر پارادایم در سیاست خارجی، مستلزم بازتعریف بنیادین روابط راهبردی و عبور از اتحادهای تاکتیکیِ کوتاه‌مدت به سوی ائتلاف‌های استراتژیکِ پایدار است.

A paradigm shift in foreign policy necessitates a fundamental redefinition of strategic relations and moving past short-term tactical alliances towards stable strategic coalitions.

High-level geopolitical strategy formulation.

روابط بین‌متنی در این اثر ادبی به قدری غامض و چندلایه است که خوانش آن نیازمند تسلط کامل بر اساطیر باستان و تاریخ معاصر است.

The intertextual relations in this literary work are so obscure and multi-layered that reading it requires complete mastery of ancient mythology and contemporary history.

Literary criticism terminology.

اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌الملل نشان می‌دهد که چگونه روابط نامتقارن مرکز-پیرامون، به بازتولید ساختاریِ توسعه‌نیافتگی در کشورهای جنوب جهانی می‌انجامد.

International political economy demonstrates how asymmetrical center-periphery relations lead to the structural reproduction of underdevelopment in the Global South.

Advanced economic theory.

در فیزیک کوانتوم، مفهوم درهم‌تنیدگی نشان‌دهنده روابطی غیرموضعی بین ذرات است که ناقض اصول کلاسیک علیت و مکانمندی است.

In quantum physics, the concept of entanglement demonstrates non-local relations between particles that violate classical principles of causality and locality.

Scientific/physics register.

تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی با استفاده از الگوریتم‌های پیچیده ریاضی، امکان کشف الگوهای پنهان در روابط غیررسمی سازمان‌ها را فراهم می‌آورد.

Social network analysis using complex mathematical algorithms allows for the discovery of hidden patterns in the informal relations of organizations.

Data science and organizational behavior.

نقد پسااستعماری بر آن است تا روابط هژمونیک نهفته در گفتمان شرق‌شناسی را واسازی کرده و سوژگیِ به حاشیه‌رانده‌شدگان را احیا کند.

Postcolonial critique aims to deconstruct the hegemonic relations embedded in Orientalist discourse and revive the subjectivity of the marginalized.

Postcolonial theory and critical studies.

よく使う組み合わせ

روابط بین‌الملل

روابط عمومی

روابط دیپلماتیک

روابط تجاری

روابط دوستانه

روابط حسنه

روابط تیره

قطع روابط

برقراری روابط

توسعه روابط

よく使うフレーズ

روابط علت و معلولی

روابط دوجانبه

روابط چندجانبه

روابط انسانی

روابط کار

روابط خانوادگی

بهبود روابط

تیرگی روابط

عادی‌سازی روابط

گسترش روابط

よく混同される語

روابط vs رابطه (rābete) - The singular form. Use 'رابطه' for a single connection, 'روابط' for multiple or general relations.

روابط vs ارتباطات (ertebātāt) - Means communications or physical/digital links. Use 'روابط' for diplomatic or social ties.

روابط vs ضوابط (zavābet) - Means rules or criteria. Often confused because it rhymes, but has the opposite meaning in the context of bureaucracy.

慣用句と表現

"روابط جای ضوابط را گرفته است"

"رابطه خونی داشتن"

"رابطه شکرآب شدن (related to the concept)"

"رابطه تنگاتنگ"

"رابطه یک‌طرفه"

"رابطه پنهانی"

"رابطه مستقیم داشتن"

"رابطه معکوس داشتن"

"رابطه گرم و صمیمی"

"رابطه کارد و پنیر (related)"

間違えやすい

روابط vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuances

Implies a structured, ongoing connection rather than a brief encounter. In politics, it implies official recognition.

Formal/Standard. Used in all registers but carries a slightly elevated, abstract tone compared to simple words like 'دوستی' (friendship).

colloquialisms

Often contrasted with 'zavābet' (rules) to mean 'nepotism' or 'having connections in high places'.

よくある間違い

Adding the plural suffix 'ها' to make 'روابط‌ها'.
Using 'روابط' to refer to a single romantic relationship instead of 'رابطه'.
Using the preposition 'به' (to) instead of 'با' (with) after the word.
Forgetting the Ezafe (-e) when adding an adjective (e.g., saying 'ravābet khub' instead of 'ravābet-e khub').
Confusing it with the rhyming word 'ضوابط' (rules).

ヒント

No Double Plurals

Never write 'روابط‌ها' in formal texts. 'روابط' is already plural.

Don't Forget the Ezafe

Always add the '-e' sound when attaching an adjective: روابطِ خوب (ravābet-e khub).

Learn the PR Chunk

Memorize 'روابط عمومی' as a single vocabulary item meaning Public Relations.

Use 'با' or 'بین'

Relations are 'with' (با) or 'between' (بین), never 'to' (به).

Singular for Romance

Use 'رابطه' (singular) for a romantic relationship, not 'روابط'.

Nepotism Critique

Use the contrast between 'روابط' (connections) and 'ضوابط' (rules) to critique unfair systems.

Diplomatic Ties

Pair it with 'دیپلماتیک' for news contexts: روابط دیپلماتیک.

Action Verbs

Use 'برقرار کردن' to establish relations and 'قطع کردن' to cut them.

Stress the End

Put the stress on the final syllable: ra-vā-BET.

Elevate Your Register

Use 'مناسبات' instead of 'روابط' in highly formal political essays.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a RAVEN (ra-vā) BETting (bet) on which countries will have good RELATIONS. Ra-vā-bet = Relations.

語源

Arabic

文化的な背景

Formal and standard. Suitable for news, academia, and polite conversation.

No specific taboos, but be aware of the negative connotation when contrasted with 'zavābet' (rules) implying corruption.

Understood uniformly across Iran, Afghanistan (Dari), and Tajikistan (Tajik, though Cyrillic script ровабит is less common than native equivalents).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"به نظر شما شبکه‌های اجتماعی چه تأثیری بر روابط انسانی گذاشته‌اند؟ (How do you think social networks have affected human relations?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید روابط بین‌الملل در آینده بهتر خواهد شد؟ (Do you think international relations will improve in the future?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم روابط بهتری با همکاران خود در محیط کار داشته باشیم؟ (How can we have better relations with our colleagues at work?)"

"نقش روابط عمومی در موفقیت یک شرکت چیست؟ (What is the role of public relations in a company's success?)"

"آیا با این جمله موافقید که در جامعه ما روابط جای ضوابط را گرفته است؟ (Do you agree with the statement that in our society, connections have replaced rules?)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time when your relations with a friend or family member improved significantly. What caused the change?

Analyze the diplomatic relations between two countries of your choice. What are the main challenges?

Describe the ideal qualities of a person working in Public Relations (روابط عمومی).

Reflect on the idiom 'روابط جای ضوابط را گرفته است'. Have you ever experienced a situation where connections mattered more than rules?

How do you maintain good relations with people who have different opinions than you?

よくある質問

10 問

Generally, no. For a single romantic relationship, you should use the singular form, 'رابطه' (rābete). For example, 'من در یک رابطه هستم' (I am in a relationship). Using 'روابط' would imply you are in multiple relationships or talking about the concept of relationships in general.

In formal, written Persian, it is incorrect because 'روابط' is already a plural word (an Arabic broken plural). Adding the Persian plural suffix 'ها' is redundant. However, you might hear it occasionally in very informal, colloquial speech.

While they are often translated similarly, 'ارتباطات' (communications) focuses more on the exchange of information, media, or physical links (like telecommunications). 'روابط' (relations) focuses on the social, diplomatic, or emotional state of the connection between entities.

You should use 'با' (with) when saying 'relations with someone/something' (روابط با...). If you are describing the relations 'between' two or more things, use 'بین' or 'میان' (روابط بین...). Do not use 'به' (to).

'روابط عمومی' translates literally to 'public relations' and is used exactly as 'PR' is used in English. It refers to the department or practice of managing communication between an organization and the public.

It is pronounced ra-vā-bet. The stress is on the final syllable. Make sure to elongate the 'ā' sound in the middle.

It literally means 'relations have taken the place of regulations'. It is a common critique in Persian meaning that nepotism, cronyism, or personal connections are more important than official rules or merit in a given situation.

Yes. In Persian, inanimate plural subjects can often take singular verbs. So, both 'روابط تیره شد' (singular verb) and 'روابط تیره شدند' (plural verb) are acceptable, though the singular verb is very common in modern Persian.

It comes from the Arabic root ر-ب-ط (r-b-t), which means to bind, tie, or connect. Words like 'رابطه' (relationship) and 'مربوط' (related) share this same root.

Common adjectives include بین‌الملل (international), دیپلماتیک (diplomatic), تجاری (commercial), دوستانه (friendly), حسنه (good/amicable), and تیره (strained/dark). Remember to use the Ezafe (-e) to connect them!

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自分をテスト 200 問

writing

Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) about the importance of 'روابط عمومی' (Public Relations) for a company.