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B2 noun 7分で読める

تصویب

tasvib
例文 メモとヒント تصویب 30秒で
解説 تصویب in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'Tasvib' often, but you might hear it in very simple news headlines. Think of it as a very fancy way of saying 'Yes' at a high level. Imagine a king or a big boss saying 'Yes' to a new rule. That 'Yes' is 'Tasvib'. At this stage, just recognize that it is related to 'ok' but for laws and big rules. You won't use it to talk about your daily life. It is like the word 'Ratification' in English—you wouldn't teach it to a toddler, but they might hear it on the TV. Just remember: Tasvib = Official Yes.
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At the A2 level, you should know that 'Tasvib' is a noun used with 'kardan' (to do). You might see it in simple sentences about school rules or office rules. For example, 'The teacher approved the new rule.' While you might use 'ghabul kardan' (to accept) more often, 'Tasvib kardan' is the word you see in newspapers. It's good to start recognizing the difference between a personal 'yes' and an official 'approval'. If you see this word in a reading passage, look for words like 'Majlis' (Parliament) or 'Ghanun' (Law) nearby. They usually go together.
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At the B1 level, you should start using 'Tasvib' in formal writing, such as emails to a manager or in essays about society. You should understand the two main forms: 'Tasvib kardan' (active) and 'be Tasvib residan' (passive). You should be able to describe a process, like 'First, we wrote the plan, and then the manager approved (tasvib kard) it.' You are moving beyond simple words like 'ok' and starting to use professional Persian. This word helps you sound more educated and prepared for a workplace environment in an Iranian context.
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At the B2 level (your current level), you must master 'Tasvib' and its nuances. You should understand that it implies a formal, often collective, decision-making process. You should be able to use it in discussions about politics, economics, and law. You should also recognize the word family, like 'Mosavvabeh' (the resolution itself). At this level, you should not confuse it with 'Taeid' (confirmation) or 'Movafaghat' (agreement). You should be able to use it in the passive voice comfortably: 'Layeheh be tasvib-e nahayi resid' (The bill reached final approval). This word is key to following Iranian current events.
At the C1 level, 'Tasvib' becomes a tool for precise legal and academic analysis. You should be able to discuss the 'Tasvib' process of international treaties and the constitutional requirements for something to become law. You will use it to critique bureaucratic delays ('Adam-e tasvib' - non-approval). You should be able to use it in complex sentences with multiple clauses, such as 'Despite the initial opposition, the controversial bill was eventually ratified by a narrow margin.' You should also be familiar with related technical terms like 'toshih' (presidential assent) and how they differ from 'tasvib'.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'Tasvib'. you understand the subtle connotations of the word in different historical eras of Iranian law. You can use it in highly formal speeches, legal drafting, or philosophical debates about the nature of authority and 'ratification'. You understand the Arabic root 's-w-b' and how it connects to other Persian words like 'savab' (merit/reward) and 'movaffagh' (successful). You can distinguish between 'tasvib' in a local municipal council versus the Supreme National Security Council. Your usage is flawless and contextually perfect.
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例文 メモとヒント

تصویب 30秒で

  • Tasvib is a formal Persian noun for 'approval' or 'ratification'.
  • It is primarily used in legal, political, and corporate contexts.
  • Commonly used with light verbs like 'kardan' (to do) and 'residan' (to reach).
  • It differs from 'Taeid' (confirmation) and 'Movafaghat' (general agreement).

The Persian word تصویب (pronounced as 'tas-veeb') is a heavyweight noun primarily used in the realms of law, politics, and formal administration. At its core, it refers to the act of granting formal approval, ratification, or the official passing of a proposal, law, or budget. While in English you might 'approve' of a friend's choice of clothing, you would never use tasvib in that context. It is strictly reserved for situations where a person or body with authority gives a legal or official 'green light' to a document or plan. This word originates from the Arabic root 's-w-b', which relates to being 'right' or 'correct'. Therefore, when something is tasvib-ed, it is being declared 'correct' or 'right' for implementation by an authoritative body.

Formal Context
In the Iranian Parliament (Majlis), when a bill passes through the various stages of voting and finally receives enough votes, the news reports will say the law has reached the stage of tasvib. It signifies the end of the debate phase and the beginning of the implementation phase.

مجلس شورای اسلامی لایحه بودجه را به تصویب رساند.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly approved the budget bill.

Beyond government, this word is essential in corporate environments. When a board of directors (هیئت مدیره) agrees on a new strategy or a financial report, they use tasvib. It implies a collective decision-making process that is binding. If you are working in an Iranian company and your project is 'tasvib'ed, it means you have the official authorization and likely the budget to move forward. It is much stronger than a simple 'ok' or 'yes'. It carries the weight of official record-keeping.

Grammatical Note
It is almost always used as a compound verb: تصویب کردن (to approve) or in the passive form به تصویب رسیدن (to be approved/to reach approval).

این طرح در جلسه دیروز به تصویب نرسید.

This plan did not reach approval in yesterday's meeting.

Using تصویب correctly requires understanding its role as a formal noun that functions through light verbs. In Persian, we distinguish between the 'action' of approving and the 'state' of being approved. If you are the one in power, you use the active construction. If you are describing the fate of a bill, you use the passive construction. This distinction is vital for B2 learners who wish to sound professional and precise in their speech and writing.

The Active Voice: تصویب کردن
Used when the subject is the authority body. Example: 'The committee approved the plan.' Here, the committee is the agent.

کمیته اجرایی پیشنهاد ما را تصویب کرد.

The executive committee approved our proposal.

One of the most common ways to see this word is in the negative. If a law is rejected, we often say it was 'not approved'. This is more formal than saying 'it was rejected'. In news broadcasts, you will frequently hear 'عدم تصویب' (non-approval). This noun-phrase is used as a subject or object to describe the failure of a motion. For example, 'The non-approval of the budget caused a crisis.'

The Passive Voice: به تصویب رسیدن
This is the preferred way to report news. It focuses on the result rather than the actor. Example: 'The new law was approved yesterday.'

قانون جدید مالیاتی در مجلس به تصویب رسید.

The new tax law was approved in the parliament.

Furthermore, you might encounter the word 'مصوبه' (mosavvabeh), which is the noun form meaning 'the thing that has been approved' (the resolution or the act). For instance, 'طبق مصوبه هیئت دولت' (According to the government's resolution). This shows how the root word transforms to describe the legal output itself.

If you turn on the Iranian news channel (IRINN) or read newspapers like 'Etela'at' or 'Shargh', you will encounter تصویب daily. It is the bread and butter of political reporting. The word is deeply embedded in the legislative cycle of the Islamic Republic. Every year, the national budget (بودجه) undergoes a lengthy process of tasvib which is followed closely by the public because it affects the prices of fuel, bread, and electricity.

In the Majlis (Parliament)
The Speaker of the House will often announce: 'The generalities of the bill were approved.' (کلیات لایحه به تصویب رسید). This specific phrase marks a major milestone in the life of a bill.

نمایندگان با اکثریت آرا، طرح را تصویب کردند.

The representatives approved the plan with a majority of votes.

In academic settings, specifically in Law and Political Science faculties in Tehran or Shiraz, professors use tasvib to discuss constitutional theory. They might debate the 'ratification' of international treaties (like the JCPOA or FATF). In these high-level discussions, the word carries international legal weight. It’s not just about internal rules, but about how a nation-state commits itself to the world.

In Business Meetings
You will hear this during 'Majma-e Omumi' (General Assembly) of companies. Shareholders must 'approve' the financial statements of the previous year.

صورت‌های مالی شرکت به تصویب مجمع رسید.

The company's financial statements were approved by the assembly.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Persian is using تصویب as a synonym for 'liking' or 'agreeing' in an informal sense. If your friend suggests going to a restaurant and you want to say 'I approve of this plan,' you should use 'موافقم' (I agree) or 'فکر خوبیه' (It's a good idea). Using tasvib here would sound hilariously robotic and overly formal, as if you are a government official passing a decree on lunch.

Confusing with 'Taeid' (تأیید)
'Taeid' means confirmation or verification. While related, 'Tasvib' is the formal act of passing a law, while 'Taeid' is verifying that something is correct or valid. You 'taeid' a password, but you 'tasvib' a law.

اشتباه: من تصویب می‌کنم که به سینما برویم.

Wrong: I 'ratify' that we go to the cinema. (Too formal!)

Another mistake is the preposition. Many learners forget to use 'به' when using the 'reached' construction. They might say 'طرح تصویب رسید', which is grammatically incomplete. It must be 'طرح به تصویب رسید'. The preposition 'به' acts as a bridge showing the motion toward the state of approval. Also, ensure you don't confuse it with 'تصمیم' (tasmeem), which means 'decision'. A 'decision' is the mental process; 'approval' is the formal result.

Confusing with 'Tashkhis' (تشخیص)
Some learners confuse the 'T-S-V' sound with 'T-SH-KH'. 'Tashkhis' means diagnosis or recognition. Be careful with the distinct sounds of 'S' (ص) and 'V' (و).

درست: مدیر پروژه، بودجه را تصویب کرد.

Correct: The project manager approved the budget.

In the rich vocabulary of Persian administration, several words orbit the concept of 'approval'. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific legal stage. While تصویب is the standard for 'ratification', you might find these alternatives more suitable in other contexts.

تأیید (Taeid) vs. تصویب
'Taeid' is 'Confirmation'. It is used when an authority confirms that a decision already made is correct. In Iran, the Majlis 'approves' (tasvib) a law, but the Guardian Council 'confirms' (taeid) it. 'Taeid' is also used for technical things like confirming an email or a password.

Another interesting word is توشیح (Toshih). This is extremely formal and refers specifically to the 'signing' or 'royal/presidential assent'. After a law is tasvib-ed and taeid-ed, the President must toshih it to make it official. It is rarely heard in daily conversation but appears in legal history and news.

موافقت (Movafaghat) vs. تصویب
'Movafaghat' is 'Agreement'. It is much broader. You can have a 'movafaghat-nameh' (agreement/MOU), but 'tasvib' is the specific action that gives that agreement legal force within a legislative body.

اعضای شورا با پیشنهاد موافقت کردند اما هنوز آن را تصویب نکرده‌اند.

The council members agreed with the proposal but have not yet ratified it.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Even though it comes from a root meaning 'to be right', in modern Persian it has lost its sense of 'moral rightness' and gained a purely 'procedural rightness' in law.

発音ガイド

UK /tæsˈviːb/
US /tæsˈvib/
The stress is on the second syllable: tas-VEEB.
韻が合う語
ترغیب (Targhib) تذهیب (Tazhib) تکذیب (Takzib) تادیب (Tadib) تخریب (Takhrib) ترکیب (Tarkib) ترتیب (Tartib) عجیب (Ajib)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'v' as 'w' (tas-weeb). In Persian, 'v' is a clear labiodental sound.
  • Shortening the long 'ee' sound in the second syllable.
  • Confusing the 's' (ص) with a 'sh' sound.

難易度

読解 7/5

Common in news, but requires understanding of formal Persian structure.

ライティング 8/5

Requires correct use of light verbs and prepositions.

スピーキング 6/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but usage is limited to formal contexts.

リスニング 7/5

Frequent in broadcasts; must be distinguished from similar sounding words.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

قانون مجلس طرح تایید بودجه

次に学ぶ

توشیح ابلاغ اجرا آیین‌نامه لایحه

上級

کنوانسیون پروتکل الحاق وتو استیضاح
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レベル別の例文

1

مدیر طرح را تصویب کرد.

The manager approved the plan.

Simple Subject + Object + Verb.

2

قانون تصویب شد.

The law was approved.

Passive voice using 'shodan'.

3

آیا این تصویب شده است؟

Has this been approved?

Present perfect question.

4

آنها بودجه را تصویب کردند.

They approved the budget.

Past tense plural.

5

تصویب قانون خوب است.

Approving the law is good.

Gerund usage as subject.

6

پدر این را تصویب نمی‌کند.

Father does not approve this.

Negative present tense.

7

ما نیاز به تصویب داریم.

We need approval.

Noun usage after 'niyaz be'.

8

این یک تصویب بزرگ است.

This is a big approval.

Adjective modifying the noun.

1

شورای مدرسه قوانین جدید را تصویب کرد.

The school council approved the new rules.

Compound subject.

2

طرح پیشنهادی شما به تصویب رسید.

Your proposed plan reached approval.

Formal 'be... residan' construction.

3

دولت باید این بودجه را تصویب کند.

The government must approve this budget.

Modal verb 'bayad'.

4

پس از بحث زیاد، طرح تصویب شد.

After much discussion, the plan was approved.

Time phrase 'pas az'.

5

ما منتظر تصویب نهایی هستیم.

We are waiting for final approval.

Present continuous.

6

این مصوبه بسیار مهم است.

This resolution is very important.

Using the related noun 'mosavvabeh'.

7

چرا این قانون تصویب نشد؟

Why was this law not approved?

Interrogative negative passive.

8

او برای تصویب طرح تلاش کرد.

He tried for the approval of the plan.

Prepositional phrase.

1

هیئت مدیره با تصویب این پروژه موافقت کرد.

The board of directors agreed with the approval of this project.

Complex noun phrase.

2

بدون تصویب کتبی، کاری انجام ندهید.

Do not do anything without written approval.

Imperative negative.

3

این لایحه در مجلس به تصویب نرسید.

This bill did not reach approval in the parliament.

Negative 'be... residan'.

4

فرآیند تصویب ممکن است طولانی باشد.

The approval process might be long.

Possibility with 'momken ast'.

5

او منتظر است تا رئیس نامه را تصویب کند.

He is waiting for the boss to approve the letter.

Subjunctive mood after 'ta'.

6

تصویب این قانون تغییرات زیادی ایجاد می‌کند.

The approval of this law creates many changes.

Subject is a noun phrase.

7

آیا مراحل تصویب را می‌دانید؟

Do you know the approval stages?

Direct object with 'ra'.

8

این طرح توسط اکثر اعضا تصویب شد.

This plan was approved by most members.

Passive with 'tavassot-e'.

1

تصویب نهایی این معاهده نیازمند اجماع ملی است.

The final ratification of this treaty requires national consensus.

Abstract noun usage.

2

عدم تصویب بودجه باعث توقف پروژه‌های عمرانی شد.

The non-approval of the budget caused the stopping of construction projects.

Compound noun 'Adam-e tasvib'.

3

شورای نگهبان باید مصوبات مجلس را تأیید کند.

The Guardian Council must confirm the parliament's resolutions.

Differentiating 'mosavvabeh' and 'taeid'.

4

این آیین‌نامه پس از تصویب در هیئت وزیران ابلاغ شد.

This regulation was notified after being approved in the cabinet.

Temporal clause with 'pas az'.

5

نمایندگان به کلیات طرح رای مثبت دادند و آن را تصویب کردند.

The representatives voted in favor of the generalities of the plan and approved it.

Coordinating conjunction 'va'.

6

تصویب این لایحه می‌تواند به بهبود اقتصاد کمک کند.

The approval of this bill can help improve the economy.

Modal 'tavanestan'.

7

گزارش مالی سالانه به تصویب مجمع عمومی رسید.

The annual financial report reached the approval of the general assembly.

Formal business terminology.

8

او خواستار تصویب فوری قوانین حمایتی شد.

He called for the immediate approval of supportive laws.

Formal verb 'khastar shodan'.

1

بررسی و تصویب کنوانسیون‌های بین‌المللی از وظایف مجلس است.

The review and ratification of international conventions is among the duties of the parliament.

Complex subject phrase.

2

چالش‌های حقوقی مانع از تصویب سریع این طرح شده است.

Legal challenges have prevented the rapid approval of this plan.

Present perfect with 'mane' shodan'.

3

توشیح ریاست جمهوری پس از تصویب نهایی الزامی است.

The Presidential assent is mandatory after final ratification.

Technical legal vocabulary.

4

این مصوبه به دلیل مغایرت با قانون اساسی رد شد.

This resolution was rejected due to inconsistency with the constitution.

Causal phrase 'be dalil-e'.

5

فرآیند تصویب بودجه در ایران شامل مراحل پیچیده‌ای است.

The budget approval process in Iran involves complex stages.

Descriptive sentence with 'shamel'.

6

تصویب این اصلاحیه مستلزم تغییر در ساختار اداری است.

The approval of this amendment necessitates a change in the administrative structure.

Formal verb 'mostalzem'.

7

اعضای شورا بر سر تصویب این بند اختلاف نظر دارند.

The council members have a disagreement over the approval of this clause.

Idiomatic ' اختلاف نظر داشتن'.

8

بدون تصویب مراجع ذی‌صلاح، هرگونه تغییر غیرقانونی است.

Without approval from competent authorities, any change is illegal.

Conditional phrase.

1

سیر تحول تاریخیِ تصویب قوانین در نظام حقوقی ایران شایان توجه است.

The historical evolution of law ratification in the Iranian legal system is noteworthy.

Sophisticated Ezafe construction.

2

تصویب این سند راهبردی، نقطه عطفی در سیاست خارجی محسوب می‌شود.

The ratification of this strategic document is considered a turning point in foreign policy.

Passive 'mohsub shodan'.

3

اطاله در تصویب لوایح دولتی موجب کندی در اجرای برنامه‌ها می‌گردد.

The delay in the ratification of government bills causes slowness in the implementation of programs.

Formal literary verb 'gashtan'.

4

مبانی فقهی تصویب برخی قوانین در مجلس همواره مورد بحث بوده است.

The jurisprudential foundations of approving certain laws in parliament have always been under discussion.

Thematic complexity.

5

تصویب شتاب‌زده قوانین می‌تواند تبعات جبران‌ناپذیری داشته باشد.

The hasty approval of laws can have irreparable consequences.

Compound adjective 'shatab-zadeh'.

6

سازوکار تصویب قطعنامه‌ها در شورای امنیت سازمان ملل با چالش مواجه است.

The mechanism for ratifying resolutions in the UN Security Council is facing challenges.

International relations terminology.

7

تصویب اعتبارنامه نمایندگان از نخستین اقدامات هر دوره مجلس است.

The ratification of the credentials of representatives is among the first actions of each parliamentary term.

Specific political term 'etebar-nameh'.

8

نحوه تصویب و ابلاغ این مصوبه با ابهاماتی همراه است.

The manner of approval and notification of this resolution is accompanied by ambiguities.

Abstract noun 'ebham'.

よく使う組み合わせ

به تصویب رسیدن
تصویب کردن
تصویب نهایی
تصویب لایحه
تصویب بودجه
عدم تصویب
تصویب فوری
مراحل تصویب
تصویب اتفاق آرا
تصویب مشروط

よく使うフレーズ

به تصویب نرسید

— It failed to be approved.

پیشنهاد او در جلسه به تصویب نرسید.

در انتظار تصویب

— Waiting for approval.

بسیاری از طرح‌ها در انتظار تصویب هستند.

پس از تصویب

— After approval.

پس از تصویب، قانون اجرا می‌شود.

مرجع تصویب

— The approving authority.

مجلس مرجع تصویب قوانین است.

حق تصویب

— The right to approve.

او حق تصویب نهایی را دارد.

تصویب کلیات

— Approval of the general points.

تصویب کلیات لایحه انجام شد.

تصویب جزئیات

— Approval of the details.

نوبت به تصویب جزئیات رسیده است.

صورت‌جلسه تصویب

— The minutes of approval.

صورت‌جلسه تصویب را امضا کنید.

تصویب اعتبارنامه

— Ratification of credentials.

تصویب اعتبارنامه نمایندگان آغاز شد.

تصویب‌نامه هیئت وزیران

— Cabinet decree/resolution.

تصویب‌نامه جدید ابلاغ گردید.

慣用句と表現

"مهر تصویب زدن"

— To finalize or give the final seal of approval.

رئیس بر این طرح مهر تصویب زد.

journalistic
"از فیلتر تصویب گذشتن"

— To pass through the approval process/filter.

این قانون از فیلتر تصویب گذشت.

metaphorical
"چراغ سبز تصویب"

— The green light of approval.

بالاخره چراغ سبز تصویب روشن شد.

informal/journalistic
"گره خوردن تصویب"

— When the approval process gets stuck or knotted.

تصویب بودجه گره خورده است.

journalistic
"تصویب نیم‌بند"

— A shaky or incomplete approval.

این یک تصویب نیم‌بند است.

informal
"در نطفه خفه کردن تصویب"

— To kill the approval process at the very beginning.

آنها طرح را قبل از تصویب در نطفه خفه کردند.

metaphorical
"تصویب فله‌ای"

— Approving things in bulk without careful review.

ما مخالف تصویب فله‌ای قوانین هستیم.

critical/journalistic
"تصویب فرمایشی"

— A rubber-stamp approval (done only for show).

این یک تصویب فرمایشی بود.

political
"پشت درهای بسته تصویب کردن"

— To approve behind closed doors.

قانون را پشت درهای بسته تصویب کردند.

critical
"تصویب با اعمال شاقه"

— Approval achieved with extreme difficulty.

این لایحه با اعمال شاقه تصویب شد.

humorous/metaphorical

語族

名詞

مصوبه (Resolution)
تصویب‌نامه (Decree)
تصویب‌کننده (Approver)

動詞

تصویب کردن (To approve)
به تصویب رسیدن (To be approved)

形容詞

مصوب (Approved/Ratified)
تصویبی (Related to approval)

関連

صواب (Right/Correct)
تصحیح (Correction)
اصابت (Hitting/Accuracy)
مصیبت (Calamity - distant root relation)
نصیب (Lot/Fate)
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Tasvib' as 'The-Vibe'. If 'The-Vibe' is good, the committee gives their 'Tasvib' (Approval).

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant red stamp hitting a paper. The sound of the stamp hitting the paper is the 'B' at the end of 'Tas-veeb'.

Word Web

Parliament Law Budget Vote Committee Signature Ratification Official

チャレンジ

Try to find three news headlines today from an Iranian news site (like IRNA) that use the word 'تصویب'. Write them down and translate them.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root ص-و-ب (Ṣ-W-B). In Arabic, the form 'Taswīb' means 'to correct' or 'to point in the right direction'.

元の意味： To deem something right, correct, or appropriate.

Semitic (Arabic) root, incorporated into Persian as a loanword.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using it for religious 'approval' which uses words like 'Taeid' or 'Fatwa'.

Equivalent to 'Ratification' in the US Senate or 'Royal Assent' in the UK, though 'Tasvib' happens at the legislative stage before the final assent.

The 'Tasvib' of the Oil Nationalization Law in 1951. The 'Tasvib' of the JCPOA (Barjam) in the Iranian Parliament. The annual 'Tasvib' of the national budget.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Parliamentary News

  • تصویب لایحه
  • کلیات طرح
  • اکثریت آرا
  • صحن علنی

Corporate Meetings

  • هیئت مدیره
  • صورت‌جلسه
  • ترازنامه
  • مجمع عمومی

International Treaties

  • پیوستن به معاهده
  • حق رزرو
  • تصویب نهایی
  • اسناد الحاق

Academic Research

  • تصویب پروپوزال
  • شورای پژوهشی
  • دفاع از پایان‌نامه
  • کمیته علمی

Legal Procedures

  • مراحل قانونی
  • مرجع ذی‌صلاح
  • ابلاغ مصوبه
  • لازم‌الاجرا

会話のきっかけ

"آیا بودجه سال جدید به تصویب رسیده است؟"

"فکر می‌کنی این قانون در مجلس تصویب می‌شود؟"

"مراحل تصویب یک طرح در شرکت شما چگونه است؟"

"چرا تصویب این معاهده اینقدر طول کشید؟"

"آیا مدیر با تصویب پیشنهاد شما موافقت کرد؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره یک قانون که دوست دارید در کشورتان تصویب شود بنویسید.

اهمیت فرآیند تصویب در دموکراسی را توضیح دهید.

اگر شما قدرت تصویب هر قانونی را داشتید، چه می‌کردید؟

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