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زمان (وقت)

A2 noun #100 よく出る 9分で読める

زمان (وقت)

上位100

練習する例文メモとヒント زمان (وقت) 30秒で

解説 زمان (وقت) in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners focus on the most basic and practical uses of time. The word 'Vaqt' is introduced primarily in the context of personal availability. A1 students learn to say 'Vaqt dāram' (I have time) or 'Vaqt nadāram' (I don't have time). They also learn to distinguish 'Vaqt' from 'Sā'at' (clock/hour). At this stage, the focus is on survival communication: making appointments, saying you are busy, or asking if someone is free. The word 'Zamaan' might be introduced but usually only as a general concept. The primary goal is to use 'Vaqt' to manage daily schedules and basic social interactions. Learners also begin to use 'Vaqti ke' (When...) to link two simple ideas, such as 'When I eat, I am happy.' The grammar is kept simple, usually focusing on the present tense and basic possession. Cultural nuances like 'Ta'arof' are introduced in their simplest form, such as being polite about someone's time. By the end of A1, a student should be able to tell a friend they don't have time to go to the cinema and ask what time a class starts using 'Sā'at'.

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At the A2 level, the learner begins to see the difference between 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' more clearly. They start using 'Zamaan' to talk about broader periods, like 'Zamaan-e bachegi' (childhood time). A2 learners also expand their use of 'Vaqt' into more idiomatic territory, such as 'Vaqt-e āzād' (free time) or 'Vaqt-e nahaar' (lunchtime). They become more comfortable with the Ezafe construction to link 'time' to various activities. At this stage, learners are expected to use these words in the past tense as well, describing what they did when they had time. They also start to encounter 'Zamaan' in the context of grammar (Past, Present, Future tenses). The A2 learner should be able to describe their daily routine using these words and explain why they might be late or busy. They also begin to learn common collocations like 'Vaqt gozashtan' (to spend time). The distinction between 'clock time' (Sā'at) and 'available time' (Vaqt) should be fully solidified at this level to avoid common beginner mistakes. They can also handle basic 'when' clauses with more complexity than at A1.

B1 learners transition from practical usage to more descriptive and narrative applications of 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt.' They start using 'Zamaan' to discuss historical events or cultural eras in a basic way. They also learn synonyms like 'Moddat' (duration) and 'Forsat' (opportunity) to add variety to their speech. At B1, students can discuss the concept of 'Vaqt-shenāsi' (punctuality) and express opinions about how people manage their time. They use 'Zamaan' to talk about the 'tense' of verbs more accurately in their language studies. The use of 'Vaqti ke' becomes more sophisticated, often involving complex sentences with multiple clauses. B1 learners also start to recognize 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' in Persian literature and media, understanding the emotional or thematic weight these words can carry. They can participate in conversations about work-life balance, using 'Vaqt-e kāfi' (enough time) and 'Modiriyat-e zamaan' (time management). Their ability to use these words in the subjunctive and conditional moods also develops, allowing them to say things like 'If I had time, I would travel.'

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At the B2 level, the learner masters the nuances of register. They know exactly when to use the formal 'Zamaan' versus the colloquial 'Vaqt.' They can discuss abstract concepts like 'the value of time' or 'the impact of time on society' using a wide range of vocabulary. B2 students are comfortable with idiomatic expressions and proverbs involving time, such as 'Vaqt talāst' (Time is gold). They can follow news reports about 'Zamaan-e bargozari' (the time of holding/occurrence) of international events and understand the technical use of 'Zamaan' in various professional fields. Their writing becomes more sophisticated, using 'Zamaan' to structure narratives and 'Vaqt' to provide specific details. They also start using more literary alternatives like 'Hengām' in their writing to show a higher level of proficiency. B2 learners can debate topics like 'Is time management more important than hard work?' and use 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' with precision to support their arguments. They also understand the subtle social cues involved in 'Ta'arof' regarding time and can navigate them like a near-native speaker.

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C1 learners use 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' with the finesse of a native speaker. They can appreciate and analyze the use of these words in classical Persian poetry (like Rumi or Hafez), where 'Zamaan' often takes on mystical or cosmic significance. At this level, the learner can discuss philosophical theories of time, the physics of time, or the sociological perception of time in different cultures. They use a vast array of synonyms (Lahze, Aan, Hengām, Mowqe', Forsat, Dowre, Ahd) with perfect accuracy based on context and desired tone. C1 students can write academic papers or professional reports where 'Zamaan' is used as a precise variable. They also master the most complex idiomatic uses, understanding the sarcasm or deep cultural meaning behind phrases that use these words. Their speech is fluid, and they can switch between the formal 'Zamaan' and the slangy uses of 'Vaqt' effortlessly. They are also aware of the historical evolution of these terms from their Arabic roots to their modern Persian usage.

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At the C2 level, the learner's command of 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' is indistinguishable from an educated native speaker. they can engage in high-level academic discourse, literary criticism, and creative writing. They understand the deepest etymological layers and the most obscure archaic uses of these words found in ancient texts. C2 learners can play with the language, using 'Zamaan' and 'Vaqt' in puns, metaphors, and complex rhetorical devices. They have a complete grasp of how these words function in every possible domain—from legal contracts to street slang, from scientific journals to mystical treatises. They can interpret the 'silences' and 'pauses' in Persian speech as temporal markers and understand how the concept of time is woven into the very fabric of the Persian worldview. For a C2 learner, these words are no longer just vocabulary items; they are tools for expressing the most profound aspects of human existence and the Persian identity.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

زمان (وقت) 30秒で

Zamaan and Vaqt both mean 'time' but have different registers and nuances.
Use 'Vaqt' for daily appointments, free time, and casual conversations.
Use 'Zamaan' for historical eras, grammar tenses, and scientific contexts.
Never use 'Vaqt' or 'Zamaan' to ask 'What time is it?' (use 'Sā'at').

The Persian word زمان (Zamaan) and its frequent synonym وقت (Vaqt) are the cornerstones of expressing temporal concepts in the Persian language. While both are translated as 'time' in English, their usage patterns reveal subtle nuances that are essential for an A2 learner to grasp. Zamaan often refers to time in a more abstract, general, or historical sense, such as 'the passage of time' or 'a specific era.' In contrast, Vaqt is more commonly used in daily life to refer to specific moments, appointments, or the availability of time for a particular task. Understanding these words requires looking beyond a simple dictionary definition and into the rhythmic life of a Persian speaker.

General Concept: Zamaan represents the continuous sequence of existence and events that occurs in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.

من برای ورزش کردن زمان (وقت) کافی ندارم.

Translation: I don't have enough time to exercise.

In Persian culture, time is often viewed with a degree of flexibility. When someone says 'Vaqt nadaram' (I don't have time), it might be a literal statement of a busy schedule or a polite way to decline an invitation. The word Zamaan is also the technical term used in Persian grammar to describe 'tenses' (e.g., Zamaan-e Gozashte for Past Tense). This dual role as both a common noun and a technical linguistic term makes it one of the most versatile words in your vocabulary arsenal. As you progress, you will notice that Zamaan is used in phrases like 'Zamaan-e qadim' (ancient times), whereas Vaqt is used in 'Vaqt-e nahaar' (lunchtime).

Etymological Note: Both words have Arabic roots but have been fully integrated into Persian for centuries, evolving unique idiomatic lives within the Iranian plateau.

در آن زمان، همه چیز متفاوت بود.

Translation: At that time (era), everything was different.

When using these words, pay attention to the prepositions. We often say 'dar zamaan-e...' (during the time of...) or 'dar vaqt-e...' (at the time of...). However, in colloquial speech, 'vaqt' is much more common for immediate concerns. For example, 'Vaqt-e doctor' refers to a doctor's appointment. You would never say 'Zamaan-e doctor' unless you were discussing the historical period in which a specific doctor lived! This distinction is the key to sounding like a native speaker rather than a textbook.

Register Difference: 'Zamaan' is more formal and literary; 'Vaqt' is more colloquial and practical.

Using Zamaan and Vaqt correctly involves understanding their syntactic roles. Both function primarily as nouns, but they often anchor complex prepositional phrases or act as the head of an Ezafe construction (the Persian linking 'e' sound). For example, when you want to say 'the time of the meeting,' you say 'vaqt-e jalase.' Here, the Ezafe connects the time to the event. In more formal contexts, such as writing an essay or a news report, you might see 'zamaan-e bargozari-ye hamayesh' (the time of holding the conference).

هر چیزی زمان خودش را دارد.

Translation: Everything has its own time.

One of the most common sentence patterns for A2 learners is expressing the lack of time. The phrase 'Vaqt nadāram' (I don't have time) is essential. You can expand this by adding an infinitive: 'Vaqt nadāram dars bekhānam' (I don't have time to study). Note that in Persian, we don't usually use a preposition like 'to' before the verb in this specific construction; the relationship is understood through the proximity of the noun and the verb. Another common pattern is using 'vaqt' with 'shodan' (to become/to be time). 'Vaqt shod' can mean 'the time came' or 'I finally found the time.'

Pattern: Possession: [Subject] + [Vaqt/Zamaan] + [Negative/Positive Verb of Possession]. Example: 'Man vaqt dāram' (I have time).

In the plural, 'Zamaan' becomes 'Zamaan-hā' (times) or sometimes 'Azmaneh' (an Arabic plural used in very formal Persian). However, in 99% of daily interactions, you will use the singular form even when referring to multiple instances. For example, 'Vaqt-hā-ye bi-kāri' (times of unemployment/free time) is correct but 'Vaqt-e bi-kāri' is often used as a collective concept. When describing a duration, you might use 'moddat-e zamaan' (the period of time), which adds a layer of precision to your sentence.

وقت طلاست.

Translation: Time is gold (Time is money).

Lastly, consider the use of 'zamaan' in scientific or philosophical contexts. If you are discussing Einstein's theory of relativity, you would exclusively use 'zamaan.' If you are talking about the 'time' it takes for a chemical reaction, 'zamaan' is the appropriate choice. This demonstrates that while 'vaqt' is the word of the street and the home, 'zamaan' is the word of the laboratory and the library. Mastering both allows you to navigate all levels of Iranian society.

If you walk through the bustling Tajrish Bazaar in Tehran or a quiet park in Isfahan, you will hear Vaqt and Zamaan constantly. In the bazaar, a shopkeeper might say, 'Vaqt-e nahaar ast, yek sā'at dige biā' (It's lunchtime, come back in an hour). Here, 'vaqt' defines a specific block of the day. On the radio, a news anchor might discuss 'Zamaan-e entekhābāt' (the time/period of the elections), using the more formal term to denote a significant public event. The word is ubiquitous because Persian culture is deeply social, and social life revolves around coordinating time.

ببخشید، وقت دارید؟

Translation: Excuse me, do you have a moment? (Often used to start a conversation).

In Iranian cinema and music, these words carry heavy emotional weight. Songs often lament the 'gozar-e zamaan' (the passage of time) and how it changes people and places. You'll hear poets and singers use 'zamaan' to evoke a sense of nostalgia or the relentless march of fate. In contrast, in modern Iranian TV dramas, you'll hear characters arguing about 'vaqt-shenāsi' (punctuality). An angry boss might yell, 'Cherā vaqt-shenās nisti?' (Why aren't you punctual?), highlighting the practical, modern application of the concept.

Social Context: In the context of 'Ta'arof' (Persian etiquette), 'vaqt' is used to show respect for another's schedule. Saying 'Vaqt-etun ro nemigiram' (I won't take up your time) is a standard polite closing to a conversation.

Furthermore, in religious contexts, 'vaqt' is used to denote the specific times for prayer (Vaqt-e Azān). When the call to prayer echoes through a city, people might say 'Vaqt-e namāz shod' (It has become time for prayer). This usage bridges the gap between the mundane and the spiritual, showing how a single word can encompass the entire spectrum of human experience in Iran. Whether it's a doctor's appointment, a historical era, or a spiritual moment, these words are the threads that weave the Persian experience of reality together.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when learning Persian is confusing Vaqt/Zamaan with Sā'at. In English, we use 'time' for both 'What time is it?' and 'I don't have time.' In Persian, these are strictly separated. If you ask 'Zamaan chist?' you are asking a philosophical question about the nature of time. If you want to know if it's 3:00 PM, you must ask 'Sā'at chand ast?'. Using 'zamaan' or 'vaqt' in this context will confuse native speakers or make you sound like a time-traveling philosopher.

Mistake #1: Clock Time: Incorrect: Vaqt chande? (What time is it?)
Correct: Sā'at chande?

اشتباه: من ساعت ندارم که به مهمانی بیایم.

Explanation: This sounds like 'I don't own a clock/watch to come to the party.' Use 'vaqt' instead.

Another common pitfall is the misuse of prepositions. English speakers often try to translate 'on time' literally. While 'be-mowqe' is the standard translation for 'on time,' beginners often try to say 'dar vaqt,' which sounds unnatural. Similarly, 'in time' (before it's too late) is often better expressed as 'tā ghabl az...' or using specific idiomatic phrases. Understanding that Persian often uses nouns where English uses adverbs or prepositional phrases is a major step in overcoming the 'translation' phase of learning.

Lastly, learners often over-rely on 'Zamaan' because it sounds more 'official.' While it is a safe word, using it in casual settings can make you sound stiff. If a friend asks if you want to grab coffee, and you reply 'Zamaan nadāram,' it sounds like you are saying 'I lack the temporal capacity in this dimension.' Stick to 'Vaqt nadāram' for a natural, friendly tone. Conversely, don't use 'vaqt' when writing a formal history paper; there, 'zamaan' or 'dowre' (era) is your best friend.

To truly master the concept of time in Persian, you need to know the 'family' of words that surround Zamaan and Vaqt. Persian is rich with synonyms that specify the *type* of time you are referring to. For instance, if you are talking about a specific 'moment' or 'instance,' the word لحظه (Lahze) is more appropriate. It conveys a sense of brevity and immediacy that 'vaqt' lacks. If you are referring to a 'period' or 'duration,' مدت (Moddat) is the precise term.

Zamaan vs. Dowre: Zamaan is general time; Dowre (دوره) refers to a specific cycle, era, or historical period (e.g., Dowre-ye Safavi).
Vaqt vs. Mowqe': Vaqt is general availability/moment; Mowqe' (موقع) often refers to the 'right time' or 'occasion' for something.

الان موقع خوبی برای صحبت نیست.

Translation: Now is not a good time (occasion) to talk.

Another important alternative is هنگام (Hengām). This is a more literary and poetic word for 'time' or 'when.' You will often see it in literature or hear it in formal speeches (e.g., 'Hengām-e sahar' - at the time of dawn). While an A2 learner doesn't need to use 'Hengām' in daily speech, recognizing it will help you transition to B1 and B2 levels where you begin to consume Persian media and literature. Finally, don't forget فرصت (Forsat), which means 'opportunity' but is often used where English speakers might say 'I didn't have the time' (meaning 'I didn't have the chance').

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"زمانِ برگزاریِ همایش متعاقباً اعلام خواهد شد."

ニュートラル

"ببخشید، من الان وقت ندارم صحبت کنم."

カジュアル

"وقت کردی یه سری به ما بزن."

Child friendly

"عزیزم، وقتِ خوابه، مسواک بزن."

スラング

"خیلی وقت‌گیره، ولش کن."

豆知識

While both words are Arabic in origin, they have developed distinct Persian 'personalities'. For example, 'Zamaan' is used for grammar tenses in Persian, a concept not used the same way in Arabic grammar (which uses 'Sigh-eh').

発音ガイド

UK /zæˈmɑːn/ (vækht)

US /zəˈmɑn/ (vækt)

In 'Zamaan', the stress is on the final syllable 'maan'. 'Vaqt' is a single-syllable word.

韻が合う語

Amān (امان) Jahān (جهان) Dahān (دهان) Gozarān (گذران) Bakht (بخت) Sakht (سخت) Takht (تخت) Rakht (رخت)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'aa' in Zamaan like the 'a' in 'apple'. It should be long like 'father'.
Pronouncing the 'q' in Vaqt like a standard 'k'. It is a deeper, glottal sound.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'Zamin' (Earth).
Failing to pronounce the final 't' in Vaqt clearly.
Adding an extra vowel between 'q' and 't' (e.g., va-qat).

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize, but nuances between Zamaan and Vaqt take time to master.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and choosing the right synonym for the register.

スピーキング 2/5

Commonly used, but avoid the 'Sā'at' vs 'Vaqt' mistake.

リスニング 2/5

Very frequent in daily speech and media.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

ساعت (Sā'at) داشتن (Dāshtan) بودن (Budan) روز (Ruz) شب (Shab)

次に学ぶ

مدت (Moddat) فرصت (Forsat) گذشته (Gozashte) آینده (Ayande) موقع (Mowqe')

上級

ازل (Azal - eternity past) ابد (Abad - eternity future) دهر (Dahr - age/time) برهه (Borhe - critical period)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe with Time

وقتِ ناهار (Lunchtime) - The 'e' connects the noun 'vaqt' to its modifier.

Relative Clauses with 'Vaqti ke'

وقتی که آمدی، من خواب بودم. (When you came, I was asleep.)

Compound Verbs with 'Vaqt'

وقت گذاشتن (To spend time) - 'Vaqt' acts as the direct object.

Prepositional Phrases

در زمانِ... (During the time of...) - 'Dar' is used for periods.

Adverbial Use of 'Har Vaqt'

هر وقت بخواهی (Whenever you want) - 'Har' makes it indefinite.

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レベル別の例文

من وقت ندارم.

I don't have time.

Simple present tense with the verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

وقتِ ناهار است.

It is lunchtime.

Ezafe construction linking 'vaqt' and 'nahaar'.

تو وقت داری؟

Do you have time?

Question form using the second person singular.

او وقتِ آزاد دارد.

He/She has free time.

Adjective 'āzād' (free) following the noun 'vaqt'.

وقتِ خواب است.

It is bedtime.

Ezafe construction linking 'vaqt' and 'khāb' (sleep).

ما زمانِ کمی داریم.

We have little time.

Using 'zamaan' in a general sense of duration.

وقتِ مدرسه است.

It is school time.

Common daily life usage of 'vaqt'.

آن‌ها وقت ندارند بیایند.

They don't have time to come.

Infinitive 'āmadan' (to come) following the 'vaqt nadārand' phrase.

در زمانِ گذشته، ماشین نبود.

In the past, there were no cars.

Using 'zamaan' to refer to a historical period.

من برای مطالعه وقت می‌گذارم.

I spend time for studying.

The collocation 'vaqt gozashtan' (to spend/allocate time).

وقتِ آن رسیده است که برویم.

The time has come for us to go.

The phrase 'vaqt-e aan resideh ast' (the time for that has arrived).

زمانِ امتحان خیلی کوتاه بود.

The exam time was very short.

Using 'zamaan' to describe the duration of an event.

هر وقت خسته شدی، استراحت کن.

Whenever you get tired, rest.

Using 'har vaqt' as 'whenever'.

او زمانِ زیادی در ایران زندگی کرد.

He lived in Iran for a long time.

Using 'zamaan' with 'ziyād' (much/long) for duration.

وقتِ دکترِ من ساعت چهار است.

My doctor's appointment is at four o'clock.

Distinguishing between 'vaqt' (appointment) and 'sā'at' (clock time).

زمانِ پرواز تغییر کرد.

The flight time changed.

Formal use of 'zamaan' for official schedules.

مدیریتِ زمان برای موفقیت لازم است.

Time management is necessary for success.

Compound noun 'modiriyat-e zamaan'.

در آن زمان، من هنوز دانشجو بودم.

At that time, I was still a student.

Using 'dar aan zamaan' as a temporal marker in a narrative.

او همیشه وقت‌شناس است.

He is always punctual.

The adjective 'vaqt-shenās' (punctual).

باید از وقتمان به خوبی استفاده کنیم.

We must use our time well.

The collocation 'az vaqt estefāde kardan'.

زمان به سرعت می‌گذرد.

Time passes quickly.

The verb 'gozashtan' (to pass) used with 'zamaan'.

وقتی که باران می‌بارد، من غمگین می‌شوم.

When it rains, I get sad.

Complex sentence with 'vaqti ke' (when).

او برای خانواده‌اش وقتِ کافی ندارد.

He doesn't have enough time for his family.

Using 'vaqt-e kāfi' (enough time).

زمانِ برداشتِ محصول فرا رسیده است.

The time for harvesting has arrived.

Formal/Literary use of 'zamaan' in agriculture.

ارزشِ وقت را نباید نادیده گرفت.

The value of time should not be ignored.

Abstract noun phrase 'arzesh-e vaqt'.

در زمانِ صفویه، هنر شکوفا شد.

During the Safavid era, art flourished.

Using 'zamaan' to denote a specific historical dynasty.

او وقتِ زیادی را صرفِ مطالعه کرد.

He spent a lot of time studying.

The verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend/consume) used with 'vaqt'.

زمانِ پاسخگویی به این سوال محدود است.

The time to answer this question is limited.

Formal phrase 'zamaan-e pāsokh-gu'i'.

هر چیزی به زمانِ خودش نیاز دارد.

Everything needs its own time.

Philosophical use of 'zamaan' in a common saying.

او در وقتِ مقتضی اقدام خواهد کرد.

He will take action at the appropriate time.

Formal adjective 'moqtazi' (appropriate/fitting).

زمان، بهترین درمان برای زخم‌هاست.

Time is the best cure for wounds.

Metaphorical use of 'zamaan'.

تلف کردنِ وقت، گناهی بزرگ است.

Wasting time is a great sin.

Gerund phrase 'talaf kardan-e vaqt'.

مفهومِ زمان در فیزیکِ مدرن نسبی است.

The concept of time in modern physics is relative.

Academic usage of 'mafhum-e zamaan'.

او با گذشتِ زمان، تجربه‌های زیادی کسب کرد.

With the passage of time, he gained many experiences.

The phrase 'bā gozasht-e zamaan' (with the passage of time).

زمانِ حال، تنها چیزی است که داریم.

The present time is the only thing we have.

Using 'zamaan-e haal' (present tense/time) philosophically.

او در تنگنایِ وقت قرار گرفته بود.

He was caught in a time crunch.

Idiomatic expression 'tangnā-ye vaqt' (shortage of time).

زمان، چون رودی جاری است.

Time is like a flowing river.

Simile using 'zamaan'.

او زمانِ زیادی را به بطالت گذراند.

He spent a lot of time in idleness.

Literary word 'betālat' (idleness/vanity).

زمانِ بازگشتِ او هنوز مشخص نیست.

The time of his return is not yet clear.

Formal construction 'zamaan-e bāzgasht'.

او در طولِ زمان، تغییراتِ زیادی کرد.

Over time, he changed a lot.

The phrase 'dar tul-e zamaan' (over/throughout time).

زمان، ابزاری برای سنجشِ تغییراتِ هستی است.

Time is a tool for measuring the changes of existence.

Highly abstract philosophical definition.

او در ورایِ زمان و مکان سیر می‌کرد.

He was journeying beyond time and space.

The phrase 'varā-ye zamaan o makān' (beyond time and space).

زمان، در اشعارِ حافظ، مفهومی چندبعدی دارد.

Time, in Hafez's poems, has a multi-dimensional concept.

Literary analysis usage.

او به پوچیِ زمان در دنیایِ مادی معتقد بود.

He believed in the futility of time in the material world.

Existentialist vocabulary.

زمان، چون صیادی، ما را در دام می‌اندازد.

Time, like a hunter, traps us.

Complex literary metaphor.

او در پیِ کشفِ ماهیتِ زمان بود.

He was in pursuit of discovering the nature of time.

The phrase 'māhiyat-e zamaan' (the nature/essence of time).

زمان، مرزی میانِ بود و نبود است.

Time is a boundary between being and non-being.

Ontological usage.

او در چنبره‌یِ زمان گرفتار شده بود.

He was caught in the coils of time.

Highly literary/archaic word 'chanbareh' (coil/circle).

よく使う組み合わせ

وقت گذاشتن

زمان گذشتن

وقت داشتن

مدیریت زمان

در طول زمان

وقت تلف کردن

زمانِ حال

وقتِ آزاد

به مرور زمان

کمبود وقت

よく使うフレーズ

وقت طلاست

— Time is gold (Time is money). It emphasizes the value of time.

عجله کن، وقت طلاست!

هر وقت

— Whenever. Used to indicate an indefinite time.

هر وقت خواستی بیا.

به وقتِ...

— At the time of... or according to the time of...

به وقتِ تهران (Tehran time).

وقت و بی‌وقت

— At all hours, often implying at inconvenient times.

او وقت و بی‌وقت زنگ می‌زند.

در کمترین زمان

— In the shortest possible time.

این کار را در کمترین زمان انجام داد.

وقت‌گذرانی

— Passing time, often in a leisurely or aimless way.

او به وقت‌گذرانی در کافه عادت دارد.

زمان‌بندی

— Scheduling or timing.

زمان‌بندیِ پروژه عالی بود.

خوش‌وقتی

— Happiness or good fortune (often used in 'Az khosh-vaqti-ye man').

از خوش‌وقتیِ من، او را دیدم.

بی‌وقت

— Untimely or late.

مهمانِ بی‌وقت (An untimely guest).

وقتِ بخیر

— Good day/time (a greeting).

وقتِ شما بخیر آقای دکتر.

よく混同される語

زمان (وقت) vs ساعت (Sā'at)

Sā'at is for the clock/hour; Vaqt is for availability/moment.

زمان (وقت) vs زمین (Zamin)

Zamin means 'Earth' or 'Ground'. Sounds similar to Zamaan.

زمان (وقت) vs زمستان (Zemestān)

Zemestān means 'Winter'. Shares the same 'Z-M' start.

慣用句と表現

"وقت را غنیمت شمردن"

— To make the most of one's time; to seize the moment.

باید وقت را غنیمت شمرد و درس خواند.

Literary

"زمانه با کسی نساختن"

— To have bad luck; for times to be hard on someone.

زمانه با او نساخت و ورشکست شد.

Literary

"وقت کشی کردن"

— To kill time; to stall or delay purposefully.

تیم مقابل داشت وقت‌کشی می‌کرد.

Colloquial

"در هفت آسمان یک ستاره نداشتن (در آن زمان)"

— To be extremely poor or unlucky during a certain period.

در آن زمان، در هفت آسمان یک ستاره هم نداشت.

Informal

"وقتِ گلِ نی"

— Never (literally: when the reed blossoms).

او پولش را وقتِ گلِ نی پس می‌دهد.

Slang

"از وقتش گذشته"

— It's too late; the opportunity has passed.

دیگر برای عذرخواهی از وقتش گذشته.

Neutral

"وقت را خریدن"

— To buy time; to delay a decision to gain an advantage.

او سعی کرد با حرف زدن وقت بخرد.

Neutral

"زمان همه چیز را حل می‌کند"

— Time heals all wounds/solves everything.

نگران نباش، زمان همه چیز را حل می‌کند.

Neutral

"سرِ وقت"

— On time; punctual.

همیشه سرِ وقت می‌آید.

Neutral

"وقتِ تنگ"

— Shortage of time; being in a hurry.

در این وقتِ تنگ نمی‌توانیم تصمیم بگیریم.

Neutral

間違えやすい

زمان (وقت) vs موقع (Mowqe')

Both mean 'time'.

Mowqe' is more about the 'occasion' or 'right moment'.

الان موقعِ حرف زدن نیست.

زمان (وقت) vs فرصت (Forsat)

Both can imply having time.

Forsat specifically means 'opportunity' or 'chance'.

فرصتِ خوبی برای یادگیری است.

زمان (وقت) vs مدت (Moddat)

Both relate to time.

Moddat is specifically about the 'duration' or 'length' of time.

مدتِ فیلم دو ساعت بود.

زمان (وقت) vs هنگام (Hengām)

Both mean 'time'.

Hengām is more literary and often used as a prepositional head.

هنگامِ رفتن، او را دیدم.

زمان (وقت) vs دفعه (Daf'e)

In English, 'time' can mean 'occurrence' (e.g., three times).

In Persian, use 'Daf'e' or 'Bār' for occurrences.

سه بار (Three times).

文型パターン

من [Noun] وقت ندارم.

من امروز وقت ندارم.

وقتِ [Noun] است.

وقتِ شام است.

هر وقت [Verb], [Verb].

هر وقت آمدی، زنگ بزن.

در زمانِ [Noun], [Sentence].

در زمانِ قدیم، برق نبود.

وقتی که [Sentence], [Sentence].

وقتی که باران می‌آید، من خوشحالم.

[Noun] وقت‌گیر است.

ترافیک خیلی وقت‌گیر است.

با گذشتِ زمان، [Sentence].

با گذشت زمان، همه چیز درست می‌شود.

در طولِ زمان، [Sentence].

در طول زمان، زبان‌ها تغییر می‌کنند.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely high. One of the top 100 most used nouns in Persian.

よくある間違い

Asking 'Vaqt chande?' → Sā'at chande?
Vaqt refers to the concept of time, while Sā'at refers to the specific hour on a clock.
Saying 'Zamaan nadāram' to a friend. → Vaqt nadāram.
Zamaan is too formal for a casual conversation about being busy.
Using 'Vaqt' for 'three times'. → Se bār / Se daf'e.
In Persian, 'time' as an occurrence is 'bār' or 'daf'e', not 'vaqt'.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'Vaqt-e kār'. → Vaqt-e kār.
The Ezafe is required to link the noun 'time' to the activity 'work'.
Saying 'Dar vaqt' for 'on time'. → Be-mowqe' / Sar-e vaqt.
Prepositions don't always translate literally; 'on time' has specific idiomatic forms.

ヒント

The Ezafe Rule

Always use the Ezafe 'e' when 'Vaqt' is followed by a noun, like 'Vaqt-e nahaar' (Lunchtime).

Sā'at vs Vaqt

Remember: Sā'at = Clock/Hour, Vaqt = Availability/Moment. Never mix them up when asking the time!

Ta'arof and Time

Iranians are very polite about time. 'Vaqt-etun ro nemigiram' (I won't take your time) is a great phrase to know.

Casual vs Formal

Use 'Vaqt' with friends and 'Zamaan' in your Persian class or when writing an essay.

Identify 'Vaqti ke'

When you hear 'Vaqti ke', get ready for a description of an event that happened at a certain time.

Historical Eras

When writing about history, always use 'Zamaan-e...' to denote a period, like 'Zamaan-e Qajar'.

Zamaan is Main

Think of Zamaan as the 'Main' timeline of the world to remember it's the bigger concept.

The 'Q' in Vaqt

Try to make the 'q' sound in your throat. It's not a 'k', it's deeper!

Time is Gold

Learn 'Vaqt talāst'. It's a universal concept that works perfectly in Persian too.

Daily Routine

Describe your daily routine using 'Vaqt-e [Activity]' to get comfortable with the Ezafe.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Zamaan' as the 'Main' (maan) timeline of history. Think of 'Vaqt' as the 'Fact' (sounds similar) of your current schedule.

視覚的連想

For Zamaan, imagine a long, infinite river flowing through mountains (history). For Vaqt, imagine a small pocket watch or a calendar with a specific circle around today.

Word Web

Sā'at (Clock) Tārikh (Date) Gozashte (Past) Hāl (Present) Ayande (Future) Dars (Study) Kār (Work) Jalase (Meeting)

チャレンジ

Try to go through your whole day and every time you look at your phone or a clock, say 'Vaqt' if you are checking your schedule and 'Sā'at' if you are checking the hour.

語源

Zamaan comes from the Arabic root 'Z-M-N', which relates to time or a period. Vaqt comes from the Arabic root 'W-Q-T', which refers to a specific point in time or a fixed time.

元の意味： Zamaan originally referred to a long duration or an era. Vaqt originally referred to a specific appointed time (like for prayer).

Semitic (Arabic) roots, integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing 'Zamaan-e qadim' (old times) as it can sometimes carry political connotations depending on the context.

English speakers often use 'time' for everything. In Persian, you must learn to separate 'What time?' (Sā'at) from 'Do you have time?' (Vaqt).

The concept of 'Zamaan' in the poetry of Khayyam (focusing on the fleeting nature of time). The 'Zamaan-e Shāh' (The time of the Shah), a common way to refer to the pre-1979 era. Modern Iranian pop songs often use 'Vaqt' to talk about waiting for a lover.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At Work

وقتِ جلسه (Meeting time)
کمبودِ وقت (Lack of time)
زمان‌بندیِ پروژه (Project schedule)
وقت‌شناس بودن (Being punctual)

With Friends

وقت داری بریم بیرون؟ (Have time to go out?)
خوش گذشت (Had a good time)
هر وقت خواستی (Whenever you want)
وقت ندارم (I don't have time)

Medical

وقتِ دکتر (Doctor's appointment)
زمانِ مصرفِ دارو (Time to take medicine)
وقت گرفتن (To make an appointment)
وقتِ قبلی (Previous appointment)

History/School

زمانِ قدیم (Ancient times)
در آن زمان (At that time)
زمانِ امتحان (Exam time)
طولِ زمان (Length of time)

Travel

زمانِ پرواز (Flight time)
وقتِ حرکت (Departure time)
به وقتِ محلی (Local time)
تغییرِ زمان (Time change)

会話のきっかけ

"ببخشید، شما برای یک قهوه وقت دارید؟ (Excuse me, do you have time for a coffee?)"

"در وقتِ آزادتان چه کارهایی انجام می‌دهید؟ (What do you do in your free time?)"

"به نظر شما مدیریتِ زمان چقدر مهم است؟ (How important do you think time management is?)"

"زمانِ موردِ علاقه شما در روز چه ساعتی است؟ (What is your favorite time of the day?)"

"آیا شما آدمِ وقت‌شناسی هستید؟ (Are you a punctual person?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی که خیلی خوشحال بودید بنویسید. (Write about a time when you were very happy.)

چگونه وقتِ خود را در طولِ روز تقسیم می‌کنید؟ (How do you divide your time during the day?)

اگر زمانِ بیشتری داشتید، چه کار می‌کردید؟ (If you had more time, what would you do?)

تفاوتِ زمان در شهرِ شما و تهران چیست؟ (What is the difference in time/lifestyle between your city and Tehran?)

یک خاطره از زمانِ کودکی خود بنویسید. (Write a memory from your childhood time.)

よくある質問

10 問

Zamaan is generally more formal and refers to time as a concept or an era. Vaqt is more colloquial and refers to specific moments or personal availability. For example, 'Zamaan-e Shah' (The Shah's era) vs 'Vaqt-e doctor' (Doctor's appointment).

No. To ask 'What time is it?', you must use 'Sā'at chand ast?'. Using Zamaan would sound like you are asking a philosophical question about the nature of time itself.

The most common way is 'Vaqt nadāram'. You can also say 'Forsat nadāram' if you mean you don't have the opportunity.

Yes, 'Vaqti ke' is a very common way to say 'when' in a relative clause, such as 'Vaqti ke amadam' (When I came).

It means 'punctual'. It literally translates to 'time-knower' or someone who recognizes the importance of time.

Yes, 'Zamaan-e gozashte' is past tense, 'Zamaan-e haal' is present tense, and 'Zamaan-e ayande' is future tense.

The most common way is 'be-mowqe' or 'sar-e vaqt'.

Yes, it has Arabic roots, but it is used extensively in Persian with some slight shifts in idiomatic usage.

It means 'free time' or 'leisure time'.

You say 'Zamaan dārad migozarad' or 'Vaqt dārad migozarad'.

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