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B1 verb 7分で読める

kuluttaa

例文 kuluttaa 30秒で
解説 kuluttaa in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'kuluttaa' primarily in the context of spending money and time. Think of it as a basic action: 'I spend money on food' (Minä kulutan rahaa ruokaan). At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex nuances of physical wear and tear. Just focus on the fact that it is a verb where you are the person doing the action. You might encounter it in simple sentences about hobbies or daily routines. It is a 'Type 1' verb, so it follows the standard conjugation pattern (minä kulutan, sinä kulutat, hän kuluttaa). Remember that the thing you are spending is usually in the partitive case (rahaa, aikaa) because you are usually talking about an indefinite amount of it. This is a great word to add to your basic survival Finnish for shopping and planning your day.
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At the A2 level, you can expand your use of 'kuluttaa' to include electricity, fuel, and energy. You will start to see it in descriptions of appliances or cars. For example, 'Tämä auto kuluttaa vähän' (This car consumes little). You should also begin to recognize the difference between 'kuluttaa' (to spend/consume) and 'käyttää' (to use). A good rule of thumb for A2 learners: use 'kuluttaa' when the resource is being used up and cannot be used again in the same way. You will also encounter the noun form 'kulutus' (consumption) in simple contexts, like 'sähkönkulutus' (electricity consumption). This level is also where you might learn phrases like 'kuluttaa aikaa' (to pass time) when waiting for something, which is a very common idiomatic use.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the transitive nature of 'kuluttaa' and how it differs from the intransitive 'kulua'. This is a common point of confusion. You should be able to explain that while 'aika kuluu' (time passes), you 'kulutat aikaa' (you spend/kill time). You also start using the word in environmental and social contexts, discussing 'kulutusyhteiskunta' (consumer society) and the ethics of how much we consume. Grammatically, you should be comfortable using 'kuluttaa' with different object cases to indicate completion (accusative) or ongoing process (partitive). You can also use the adjective 'kuluttava' to describe something that is mentally or physically draining, such as a difficult job or a long relationship.
At the B2 level, your understanding of 'kuluttaa' should include more metaphorical and technical applications. You can discuss economic trends using terms like 'kuluttajahintaindeksi' (consumer price index) and 'yksityinen kulutus' (private consumption). You should be able to use the verb in resultative constructions, such as 'kuluttaa jotakin loppuun' (to consume something until it's gone) or 'kuluttaa puhki' (to wear something until it has holes). At this stage, you should also be aware of the register: 'kuluttaa' is neutral-to-formal, whereas 'tuhlata' is more informal and carries a negative judgment. You can use 'kuluttaa' in professional contexts to describe resource management and efficiency in a workplace or industrial setting.
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At the C1 level, you use 'kuluttaa' with precision and stylistic flair. You can engage in deep philosophical or sociological debates about 'ylikulutus' (overconsumption) and its impact on the planet. You understand the subtle difference between 'kuluttaa' and other verbs of depletion like 'hukata', 'menettää', or 'haaskata'. You can use the verb in complex grammatical structures, such as the second infinitive or various participial phrases (e.g., 'loppuunkulutettu' meaning 'worn out/exhausted'). You are also familiar with its use in literature and high-level journalism, where it might describe the 'wearing down' of political capital or the 'consumption' of media content in the digital age. Your usage reflects a native-like grasp of when the word implies necessity versus when it implies waste.
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At the C2 level, 'kuluttaa' is a tool for nuanced expression. You can use it to describe the existential 'spending' of one's life or the 'wearing away' of abstract concepts like patience, hope, or tradition over centuries. You understand its etymological roots and how it interacts with the Finnish world-view of resources and endurance. You can effortlessly switch between technical, economic, and poetic registers. Whether you are analyzing a corporate sustainability report or writing a critique of modern consumerism, you use 'kuluttaa' and its derivatives (like 'kuluttavuus') to convey exact meanings. You are also aware of rare or archaic uses and can identify how the word has shifted in meaning alongside the development of the Finnish welfare state and consumer culture.
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例文

kuluttaa 30秒で

  • Kuluttaa means to consume resources like money, time, and energy.
  • It also describes the physical wearing out of objects like shoes or tires.
  • It is the transitive version of 'kulua' (to pass/wear out).
  • It is a central word in Finnish discussions about the economy and environment.

The Finnish verb kuluttaa is a versatile and essential term that every intermediate learner should master. At its core, it describes the act of using up a resource, whether that resource is tangible like money and electricity, or intangible like time and energy. It is the transitive counterpart to the verb kulua (to pass or wear out on its own). When you are the active agent causing something to diminish or degrade, you use kuluttaa.

Economic Context
In discussions about the economy, this word refers to consumption. A person who consumes is a kuluttaja. You will hear this in news reports about how much households spend on goods and services.

Suomalaiset kuluttavat paljon kahvia vuodessa.

Translation: Finns consume a lot of coffee per year.
Physical Wear and Tear
If you walk a lot, you wear out your shoes. This physical degradation is expressed with kuluttaa. It implies that the use of the object leads to its eventual destruction or the need for replacement.

Huonot renkaat kuluttavat enemmän polttoainetta.

Translation: Bad tires consume more fuel.

Beyond physical objects, the word is frequently used for time. In English, we say we 'spend' time; in Finnish, you 'consume' it. This can have a neutral or slightly negative connotation, such as 'killing time' (kuluttaa aikaa) while waiting for a bus. It suggests that time is a resource that is being used up by an activity.

Environmental Context
In the modern era, kuluttaa is central to debates about sustainability. Excessive consumption (ylikulutus) is a major topic in Finnish schools and media, referring to the over-exploitation of natural resources.

Meidän täytyy kuluttaa vähemmän luonnonvaroja.

Hän kulutti kaikki säästönsä matkustamiseen.

Mastering kuluttaa involves understanding its relationship with various objects and the grammatical cases they trigger. Because it is a transitive verb, it always acts upon something. The most common objects are money (rahaa), time (aikaa), energy (energiaa), and physical goods.

Spending Money
When talking about spending money, kuluttaa is more formal than tuhlata (to waste/spend freely). It implies a general usage of funds for living or projects.

Kuinka paljon rahaa sinä kulutat ruokaan kuukaudessa?

Notice in the example above that the destination or purpose of the consumption is often in the illative case (ruokaan - into food). This pattern is very consistent: kuluttaa [jotakin] [johonkin].

Passing Time
If you are waiting for a train and you read a book to make the time go by, you are 'consuming time'. This is often used with the word aikaa in the partitive.

Luin lehteä kuluttaakseni aikaa odotushuoneessa.

Wearing Out Objects
When an object is being worn down through use, we use kuluttaa. If the object is completely worn out (e.g., a hole in a sock), we use the resultative phrase kuluttaa puhki.

Lapsi kulutti housunsa polvista puhki.

In technical or scientific contexts, kuluttaa describes the consumption of energy, oxygen, or fuel. Here, the focus is on the rate or amount of resource used.

Juokseminen kuluttaa paljon kaloreita.

Tämä vanha jääkaappi kuluttaa liikaa sähköä.

In Finland, kuluttaa is ubiquitous across several domains of daily life. From the grocery store to the gym, and from the car mechanic to the bank, you will encounter various forms of this verb. Understanding the context helps in choosing the right nuance.

At the Grocery Store & News
The word is the root for 'consumer' (kuluttaja). You will see 'Kuluttajahinta' (consumer price) or hear news about 'kuluttajaluottamus' (consumer confidence). In these cases, it relates to the macro-economic activity of buying and using goods.

Uutisten mukaan suomalaisten kulutus on laskenut.

In Sports and Fitness
Personal trainers and fitness apps in Finland use kuluttaa to talk about calorie burn. If you are looking at a heart rate monitor, it might show your 'energiankulutus' (energy consumption).

Tämä treeni kuluttaa tehokkaasti rasvaa.

Environmental Activism
Finland is very environmentally conscious. You will see posters or articles urging people to kuluttaa vastuullisesti (consume responsibly). This is a call to reduce waste and think about the lifecycle of products.

Meidän pitää kuluttaa vähemmän vettä ja sähköä.

Työelämä voi joskus kuluttaa ihmisen loppuun.

Finally, in automotive or technical contexts, kuluttaa is the standard word for fuel consumption. 'Auto kuluttaa viisi litraa satasella' (The car consumes five liters per hundred kilometers) is a very common sentence structure.

Even for advanced learners, kuluttaa can be tricky because of its similarity to other verbs and its specific grammatical requirements. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Finnish sound much more natural.

Kuluttaa vs. Kulua
The biggest mistake is confusing the transitive kuluttaa (someone uses something) with the intransitive kulua (something passes or wears out by itself). You kulutat rahaa (you spend money), but aika kuluu (time passes).

Väärin: Aika kuluttaa nopeasti. (Wrong)

Oikein: Aika kuluu nopeasti. (Right)

Think of kuluttaa as an action you do, and kulua as a process that happens to the subject.

Object Case Errors
Learners often struggle with whether to use the partitive or accusative. Use partitive for continuous actions: Hän kuluttaa rahaa (He is spending money). Use accusative for a completed result: Hän kulutti kaiken rahan (He spent all the money).

Minä kulutin kengät puhki yhdessä kesässä.

Here 'kengät' is accusative plural because the action of wearing them out is completed.
Confusing with 'Tuhlata'
While both can mean 'to spend', tuhlata specifically means to waste or spend recklessly. Kuluttaa is more neutral. If you say you 'kuluttaa' money on rent, it's normal. If you 'tuhlata' money on rent, it implies you're paying too much or it's a bad idea.

Älä tuhlaa aikaasi häneen! (Don't waste your time on him!)

To truly enrich your Finnish vocabulary, you should understand how kuluttaa compares to its synonyms and related verbs. Each has a specific nuance that changes the tone of your sentence.

Käyttää vs. Kuluttaa
Käyttää is the general verb 'to use'. You use a hammer, a computer, or a language. Kuluttaa is used when the thing you use gets smaller, disappears, or wears down. You käyttää a car to drive, but the driving kuluttaa fuel.
Tuhlata
This means 'to waste' or 'to squander'. It is a judgmental version of kuluttaa. Use this when the spending is unnecessary or foolish.

Hän tuhlasi perintönsä kasinolla.

Uuvuttaa
When kuluttaa is used for people, it means to wear them out. Uuvuttaa is a stronger synonym meaning 'to exhaust' or 'to tire out completely'.

Pitkä matka uuvutti meidät.

Niveltää vs. Kuluttaa
In a very specific sense of 'wearing down' something like a stone or a metal surface through friction, you might hear hioa (to grind/sand) or syövyttää (to corrode). Kuluttaa remains the general term for all wear and tear.

In summary, choose kuluttaa when you want to sound objective about the usage of resources or the gradual wearing out of physical objects. It is the most common and versatile word for 'consuming' in Finnish.

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レベル別の例文

1

Minä kulutan rahaa ruokaan.

I spend money on food.

Rahaa is in the partitive case because it is an indefinite amount.

2

Kulutatko sinä paljon aikaa netissä?

Do you spend a lot of time on the internet?

Aikaa is partitive; netissä is in the inessive case (in the net).

3

Hän kuluttaa kaksi litraa vettä päivässä.

He consumes two liters of water a day.

Vettä is partitive after a quantity (kaksi litraa).

4

Me kulutamme sähköä joka päivä.

We consume electricity every day.

Present tense, first person plural.

5

He kuluttavat paljon rahaa vaatteisiin.

They spend a lot of money on clothes.

Vaatteisiin is the illative plural (into clothes).

6

En kuluta paljon rahaa matkustamiseen.

I don't spend much money on traveling.

Negative form: en kuluta.

7

Kuluta vähemmän sokeria!

Consume less sugar!

Imperative form (command).

8

Auto kuluttaa bensiiniä.

The car consumes gasoline.

Basic subject-verb-object structure.

1

Tämä lamppu kuluttaa vain vähän energiaa.

This lamp consumes only a little energy.

Energiaa is partitive.

2

Käveleminen kuluttaa kenkiä.

Walking wears out shoes.

Kenkiä is partitive plural (ongoing wear).

3

Me kulutimme aikaa pelaamalla korttia.

We spent/passed time by playing cards.

Pelaamalla is the adessive of the third infinitive (by playing).

4

Kuinka paljon sähköä tämä kone kuluttaa?

How much electricity does this machine consume?

Interrogative sentence.

5

Hän kuluttaa kaiken vapaa-aikansa urheiluun.

He spends all his free time on sports.

Vapaa-aikansa is accusative because it's 'all' of it.

6

Lapset kuluttavat vaatteet nopeasti.

Children wear out clothes quickly.

Vaatteet is accusative plural (result of the action).

7

Älä kuluta liikaa rahaa turhuuksiin.

Don't spend too much money on vanities/useless things.

Turhuuksiin is illative plural.

8

Hän kulutti rahansa loppuun.

He spent all his money (to the end).

Loppuun is an adverb indicating completion.

1

On tärkeää kuluttaa vastuullisesti.

It is important to consume responsibly.

Vastuullisesti is an adverb.

2

Työ voi kuluttaa ihmisen loppuun, jos ei lepää.

Work can wear a person out completely if they don't rest.

Transitive use applied to a person's energy.

3

Tämä pesuaine kuluttaa kangasta.

This detergent wears out the fabric.

Kangasta is partitive.

4

Hän yritti kuluttaa aikaa lukemalla kirjaa asemalla.

He tried to pass time by reading a book at the station.

Kuluttaa aikaa is a common idiom for 'killing time'.

5

Miten voimme kuluttaa vähemmän luonnonvaroja?

How can we consume fewer natural resources?

Luonnonvaroja is partitive plural.

6

Hän kulutti kengät puhki vaelluksella.

He wore his shoes through (until they had holes) on the hike.

Puhki is a resultative adverb.

7

Liiallinen suolan kuluttaminen on vaarallista.

Consuming too much salt is dangerous.

Kuluttaminen is the verbal noun (fourth infinitive).

8

Talvi kuluttaa auton akkua.

Winter wears down the car's battery.

Akkua is partitive.

1

Yrityksen tavoitteena on kuluttaa vähemmän raaka-aineita.

The company's goal is to consume fewer raw materials.

Raaka-aineita is partitive plural.

2

Tämä prosessi kuluttaa valtavasti energiaa.

This process consumes a massive amount of energy.

Valtavasti is an adverb of quantity.

3

Hän kulutti kaiken poliittisen pääomansa tähän uudistukseen.

He spent all his political capital on this reform.

Metaphorical use of kuluttaa.

4

Kuluttajat vaativat yhä enemmän ekologisia tuotteita.

Consumers demand more and more ecological products.

Kuluttajat is the noun for consumers.

5

Lääke saattaa kuluttaa vatsan limakalvoa.

The medicine might wear down/irritate the stomach lining.

Medical context.

6

Hän kulutti elämänsä parhaat vuodet vankilassa.

He spent the best years of his life in prison.

Narrative/dramatic use.

7

Onko järkevää kuluttaa säästöjä nyt?

Is it sensible to spend savings now?

Säästöjä is partitive plural.

8

Tuuli ja sade kuluttavat kalliota hitaasti.

Wind and rain wear down the rock slowly.

Geological context.

1

Nykymuotoinen elämäntapa kuluttaa maapalloa kestämättömästi.

The current lifestyle consumes the Earth unsustainably.

Kestämättömästi is an adverb.

2

Hän on kuluttanut itsensä loppuun työnteolla.

He has worn himself out completely with work.

Reflexive use (kuluttanut itsensä).

3

Inflaatio kuluttaa säästöjen reaaliarvoa.

Inflation erodes the real value of savings.

Economic terminology.

4

Tämä taiteenlaji kuluttaa tekijäänsä henkisesti.

This art form wears down its creator mentally.

Henkisesti means 'mentally/spiritually'.

5

Mainonta pyrkii saamaan meidät kuluttamaan enemmän.

Advertising aims to get us to consume more.

Pyrkii saamaan + [accusative] + [illative of 3rd infinitive].

6

Koneen osat kuluvat, mutta väärä käyttö kuluttaa niitä vielä nopeammin.

Machine parts wear out (intransitive), but wrong use wears them (transitive) even faster.

Contrast between kulua and kuluttaa.

7

Hän kulutti tuntikausia pohtien ratkaisua.

He spent hours pondering the solution.

Tuntikausia is partitive plural used as an adverbial of duration.

8

Eroosio kuluttaa rannikkoa jatkuvasti.

Erosion is constantly wearing down the coastline.

Scientific/formal register.

1

Kuluttajuus on muodostunut keskeiseksi osaksi identiteettiämme.

Consumerism has become a central part of our identity.

Kuluttajuus is the abstract noun for 'consumerism'.

2

Aika kuluttaa muistoja, kunnes ne haalistuvat pois.

Time wears down memories until they fade away.

Poetic use of time as an agent.

3

Hän kulutti loppuun viimeisetkin kärsivällisyytensä rippeet.

He exhausted even the last remnants of his patience.

Rippeet means 'remnants/scraps'.

4

Valtion velkaantuminen kuluttaa tulevien sukupolvien liikkumavaraa.

State debt consumption reduces the room for maneuver of future generations.

Political/Economic metaphor.

5

Onko mahdollista kuluttaa ilman, että tuhoaa?

Is it possible to consume without destroying?

Philosophical question.

6

Tämä ideologia on kuluttanut itsensä loppuun historiassa.

This ideology has worn itself out in history.

Abstract historical analysis.

7

Hän kulutti kynsiään myöten kaiken tarmonsa hankkeeseen.

He spent every bit of his energy (down to his fingernails) on the project.

Idiomatic expression of total effort.

8

Kirjailija kuluttaa kieltä tavalla, joka uudistaa sitä.

The writer uses/wears language in a way that renews it.

Literary theory context.

よく使う組み合わせ

kuluttaa aikaa
kuluttaa rahaa
kuluttaa sähköä
kuluttaa loppuun
kuluttaa puhki
kuluttaa kaloreita
kuluttaa polttoainetta
kuluttaa luonnonvaroja
kuluttaa energiaa
kuluttaa säästöjä

よく使うフレーズ

kuluttaa penkkiä

— To sit around doing nothing, literally 'to wear out the bench'.

Hän vain kuluttaa penkkiä koulussa.

kuluttaa aikaansa

— To spend one's time doing something specific.

Hän kuluttaa aikaansa lukemalla.

kuluttaa loppuun asti

— To use something until the very end.

Käytä hammastahna ja kuluta se loppuun asti.

kuluttaa hermoja

— To be get on someone's nerves or be stressful.

Tämä melu kuluttaa hermojani.

kuluttaa asfalttia

— To drive a lot, literally 'to wear out the asphalt'.

Rekat kuluttavat asfalttia.

kuluttaa voimavaroja

— To use up resources or mental strength.

Riitely kuluttaa voimavaroja.

kuluttaa kynsiään

— To work very hard or be anxious (biting nails).

Hän kulutti kynsiään odottaessaan tuloksia.

kuluttaa katuja

— To wander around the streets.

Nuoret kuluttavat katuja iltaisin.

kuluttaa puhki

— To wear something until it has a hole.

Kulutin housut polvista puhki.

kuluttaa veronmaksajien rahoja

— To spend taxpayers' money (often used in political criticism).

Poliitikot kuluttavat veronmaksajien rahoja.

慣用句と表現

"kuluttaa loppuun"

— To exhaust completely, used for both objects and people.

Hän kulutti itsensä loppuun työssä.

neutral
"kuluttaa aikaa"

— To kill time or pass time while waiting.

Kulutimme aikaa pelaamalla pelejä.

neutral
"kuluttaa puhki"

— To use something so much it breaks or gets a hole.

Kulutin lempipaitani puhki.

informal
"kuluttaa kynnystä"

— To visit someone very often (wearing out the doorstep).

Hän kuluttaa naapurin kynnystä joka päivä.

idiomatic
"kuluttaa penkkiä"

— To be idle or to study without much progress.

Poika kuluttaa vain koulun penkkiä.

informal
"kuluttaa hermoja"

— To be very annoying or taxing on one's patience.

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