Basic Colors (Rang)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Gujarati colors act like adjectives and change their ending based on the gender and number of the noun they describe.
- Masculine nouns use the -o ending (e.g., 'kalo' - black).
- Feminine nouns use the -i ending (e.g., 'kali' - black).
- Neuter nouns use the -u ending (e.g., 'kalu' - black).
Meanings
Colors in Gujarati function as adjectives that must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
Descriptive Adjective
Used to describe the physical color of an object.
“લાલ સફરજન (lal safarjan - red apple)”
“પીળી પેન (pili pen - yellow pen)”
Color Agreement Table
| Color (English) | Masculine (-o) | Feminine (-i) | Neuter (-u) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black | Kalo | Kali | Kalu |
| Yellow | Pilo | Pili | Pilu |
| Green | Lilo | Lili | Lilu |
| White | Safed (inv) | Safed (inv) | Safed (inv) |
| Red | Lal (inv) | Lal (inv) | Lal (inv) |
| Blue | Vadli | Vadli | Vadli |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Noun + Color | Kalo kutro |
| Negative | Noun + Color + nathi | Kalo kutro nathi |
| Question | Aa + Noun + Color + che? | Aa kalo kutro che? |
| Plural | Noun + Color (plural) | Kala kutra |
| Invariant | Noun + Invariant Color | Lal safarjan |
| Emphasis | Color + Noun | Kalo j kutro |
フォーマル度スペクトル
કાળો કૂતરો અહીં છે. (Daily conversation)
કાળો કૂતરો અહીં છે. (Daily conversation)
કાળો કૂતરો અહિયાં છે. (Daily conversation)
કાળો કૂતરો આવ્યો! (Daily conversation)
Color Gender Agreement
Masculine
- Kalo Black
Feminine
- Kali Black
Neuter
- Kalu Black
Examples by Level
આ કાળો કૂતરો છે.
This is a black dog.
તે પીળી પેન છે.
That is a yellow pen.
આ લીલું સફરજન છે.
This is a green apple.
તે વાદળી આકાશ છે.
That is the blue sky.
મારી પાસે એક લાલ પુસ્તક છે.
I have a red book.
તે સફેદ ઘર છે.
That is a white house.
આ કાળી બિલાડી છે.
This is a black cat.
તે પીળું ફૂલ છે.
That is a yellow flower.
તેણે કાળો કોટ પહેર્યો છે.
He is wearing a black coat.
આ લીલી સાડી સુંદર છે.
This green saree is beautiful.
તેનું ઘર સફેદ છે.
His house is white.
આ વાદળી પેન મારી છે.
This blue pen is mine.
તેણે એક લાંબી, કાળી લાકડી પકડી હતી.
He was holding a long, black stick.
આ પીળા રંગના ફૂલો ખૂબ સુગંધિત છે.
These yellow-colored flowers are very fragrant.
તેનું લાલ શર્ટ ભીનું થઈ ગયું છે.
His red shirt has become wet.
આ લીલું ઘાસ ખૂબ નરમ છે.
This green grass is very soft.
તેની આંખોમાં એક વિચિત્ર વાદળી ચમક હતી.
There was a strange blue glint in her eyes.
આ સફેદ આરસપહાણનો મહેલ અદભૂત છે.
This white marble palace is amazing.
તેણે કાળી શાહીથી પત્ર લખ્યો.
He wrote the letter with black ink.
આ પીળી ધાતુ સોનું નથી.
This yellow metal is not gold.
તેના કાળા વાળમાં ચાંદી જેવી સફેદ લટો હતી.
In her black hair were silver-like white streaks.
આ લીલાછમ ખેતરો સમૃદ્ધિનું પ્રતીક છે.
These lush green fields are a symbol of prosperity.
તેની વાદળી આંખોમાં ગહન રહસ્ય છુપાયેલું હતું.
A deep secret was hidden in her blue eyes.
આ લાલ રંગનો ઉપયોગ ભય દર્શાવવા માટે થયો છે.
This red color is used to signify danger.
Easily Confused
Learners try to add -o/-i/-u to colors that don't change.
Learners don't know the gender of the noun, so they guess the color ending.
Learners use singular endings for plural nouns.
よくある間違い
Kalo billie
Kali billie
Lali pustak
Lal pustak
Kalu kutro
Kalo kutro
Pilo pen
Pili pen
Safedo ghar
Safed ghar
Vadlo akash
Vadli akash
Lilu phool
Pilu phool
Kala pustako
Kala pustako
Lali sadi
Lal sadi
Pili kapda
Pila kapda
Kalo-kalu ghar
Kalu ghar
Lal-o sadi
Lal sadi
Vadli-o akash
Vadli akash
Sentence Patterns
Aa ___ ___ che.
Mari pase ___ ___ che.
Tene ___ ___ pehryu che.
___ ___ khub sundar che.
Real World Usage
Mane pili sadi joiye che.
Kalo car avyo.
Maro kalo bag kya che?
Aa lilu marchu che.
Maro file safed che.
Kalo dress, sundar divas!
Learn the gender
Invariant colors
Listen to natives
Color symbolism
Smart Tips
Always learn the gender with the noun.
Check the ending of the noun.
Check if it ends in a vowel.
Don't worry about being perfect; focus on the gender.
発音
Vowel endings
Ensure the final vowel is clear.
Declarative
Aa kalo kutro che. ↘
Statement of fact.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Remember the 'O-I-U' rule: O for boy, I for girl, U for thing.
Visual Association
Imagine a boy wearing a black hat (kalo), a girl wearing a black dress (kali), and a book with a black cover (kalu).
Rhyme
Masculine O, Feminine I, Neuter U, that's how colors fly!
Story
Ramesh has a black dog (kalo kutro). His sister has a black cat (kali billie). They both read a black book (kalu pustak).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room and name 5 objects using their color in Gujarati.
文化メモ
Colors often have symbolic meanings in festivals like Holi.
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language; these endings descend from Sanskrit.
Conversation Starters
તમારો મનપસંદ રંગ કયો છે?
આ કયા રંગની પેન છે?
તમને કાળા રંગના કપડાં ગમે છે?
શું તમે ક્યારેય લીલા રંગનું ઘર જોયું છે?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Aa ___ (black) kutro che.
Te ___ (yellow) pen che.
Find and fix the mistake:
Aa kalo billie che.
Aa kalo kutro che. -> Aa ___ billie che.
Lal changes for gender.
A: Aa kyo rang che? B: Aa ___ (green) pan che.
sadi / pili / che / aa
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesAa ___ (black) kutro che.
Te ___ (yellow) pen che.
Find and fix the mistake:
Aa kalo billie che.
Aa kalo kutro che. -> Aa ___ billie che.
Lal changes for gender.
A: Aa kyo rang che? B: Aa ___ (green) pan che.
sadi / pili / che / aa
Match: Kalo, Kali, Kalu
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Some colors are adjectives that decline, while others are borrowed or invariant.
Usually by the ending: -o (masc), -i (fem), -u (neut).
Try to learn the noun with its gender from the start.
Yes, masculine plural often uses -a.
Yes, it is invariant.
Yes, in some contexts.
Yes, some dialects simplify the system.
Using the masculine form for everything.
In Other Languages
Adjective gender agreement
Gujarati has a neuter gender, Spanish does not.
Adjective gender agreement
Gujarati's three-gender system is more complex.
Adjective declension
Gujarati is simpler than German's case system.
None
Japanese has no gender agreement.
Gender agreement
Arabic is binary; Gujarati is ternary.
None
Chinese is analytic; Gujarati is inflectional.
