Chapter in 30 Seconds
Transform from a passive observer into an active speaker by expressing your inner desires and daily duties.
- Distinguish between needing objects and wanting to perform actions.
- Master the verb 'Sakna' to describe your skills and permissions.
- Construct sentences about obligations and things you 'have' to do.
学べること
Hey there, brilliant Hindi learner! You've built a solid foundation; now let's make your conversations truly personal. This chapter unlocks the power to express your wants, abilities, and needs, making you an active participant in any discussion.
You'll master chāhie for what you *need* (like that delicious biryani!) and chāhnā for actions you *want to do*. Then, confidently say 'I can' with saknā, dropping the na and matching gender for abilities and permissions. And for those 'I can't' moments, you'll learn the simple nahin trick.
Finally, express your obligations – the 'I have to...' statements – using the ko ... -na hai structure. Imagine smoothly ordering in a restaurant, 'I want the paneer!' or telling a friend, 'I can meet you tomorrow, but I have to work first.' These skills are your key to real-life Hindi interactions.
By the chapter's end, you'll confidently articulate your desires, capabilities, and responsibilities in a wide range of Hindi situations. Get ready to truly express yourself!
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「欲しい」の表現:chāhie vs chāhnāモノが「欲しい」時は「ko」と一緒に「chāhie」、行動を「したい」時は主語に合わせて「chāhnā」を使います。
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能力の表現 (Saknā): ヒンディー語で「〜できる」と言う方法動詞の「ना」を外して、語幹に「सकना」をつけたら、あとは主語の性別を合わせるだけ!これで「できる」がバッチリ言えますよ。
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ヒンディー語の動詞 Sakna: 「~できる」能力と許可 (सकना)「[語根] + [sakta/sakte/sakti] + [助動詞]」のセットで、能力や許可、可能性をバッチリ表現できます。
sakna«能力» «許可» -
ヒンディー語で「できない」と言う:`sak`の前に`nahin`を使う (नहीं + सकना)「できない」と能力を否定するときは、動詞の語幹に「nahin」と「sakta/sakti/sakte」をつけます。補助動詞はオプションですよ!
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ヒンディー語の義務:〜しなければならない (ko ... -na hai)義務を表現するには、主語に「ko」を付け、動詞の不定詞を目的語の性別と一致させます。「ko」と「動詞の性別一致」がポイントです。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to correctly use 'chāhie' for objects and 'chāhnā' for actions.
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2
By the end you will be able to conjugate 'saknā' to express physical abilities and permissions.
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3
By the end you will be able to express negative abilities using the correct word order with 'nahin'.
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4
By the end you will be able to use the 'ko... -na hai' structure to describe personal obligations.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
(To me) water is neededor
I need water. In contrast, chāhnā (चाहना) is a regular verb meaning 'to want' (an action). You conjugate it like other verbs.I want to eat food.Notice the infinitive verb 'to eat' (खाना) followed by chāhnā.
I can speak Hindi.The saknā part changes based on the subject's gender and number. For feminine subjects, it would be «सकती हूँ» (saktī hūn). This is covered in more detail in Hindi Verb Sakna: Can, Could & Ability.
nahin before sak, it's remarkably straightforward. You simply place nahin (नहीं) directly before the conjugated form of saknā. So, «मैं हिंदी नहीं बोल सकता हूँ» (Main Hindee nahin bol saktā hūn) means I cannot speak Hindi.This simple placement makes negating ability very easy.
I have to goor
I must go. The 'to me' (mujhe) implies the obligation is on the speaker. This construction is highly common for expressing duties, plans, or necessities in A2 Hindi.Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: मुझे पानी चाहता हूँ। (Mujhe paanee chāhtā hūn.)
want water as an action; water is needed by you.- 1✗ Wrong: मैं हिंदी बोल सकता। (Main Hindee bol saktā.)
to be (hūn, hai, hain, etc.) at the end of the sentence for it to be grammatically complete.- 1✗ Wrong: मैं काम करना है। (Main kām karnā hai.)
I have to...), the subject takes the postposition ko (e.g., mujhko or its shortened form mujhe) instead of the nominative form (main).Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do I choose between chāhie and chāhnā for expressing wants in Hindi?
Use chāhie for things you *need/want* (e.g., water, a book) and chāhnā for *actions* you want to do (e.g., to eat, to go).
Does the verb saknā change based on who is speaking?
Yes, saknā conjugates like a regular verb, agreeing with the subject in gender and number (e.g., saktā hūn for masculine singular, saktī hūn for feminine singular, sakte hain for masculine plural).
What's the easiest way to say "I can't" in A2 Hindi?
Simply place nahin (नहीं) directly before the conjugated form of saknā, for example, «मैं नहीं जा सकता» (Main nahin jā saktā - I cannot go).
How is the 'I have to...' structure different from 'I want to...'?
'I have to...' uses the ko ... -na hai structure (e.g., «मुझे जाना है» - I have to go), implying obligation. 'I want to...' uses chāhnā (e.g., «मैं जाना चाहता हूँ» - I want to go), implying desire.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「〜すべき」の裏技
「-nā」を落とす!
「語根」が主役!
語幹ルール
Vah nahin samajh sakti.
重要な語彙 (8)
Real-World Preview
At a Coffee Shop
Making Plans with a Friend
Review Summary
- Subject-ko + Object + chāhie
- Subject + Verb(stem)-nā + chāhnā
- Subject + Verb(stem) + saknā + (hai)
- Subject-ko + Verb(-nā) + hai
よくある間違い
With 'chāhie', the subject must be in the dative case (mujhe), not the nominative (main).
When using 'saknā', you must drop the '-na' from the main verb stem.
The word 'nahin' usually comes before the 'sak' part of the verb phrase.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked the most personal parts of the Hindi language. Being able to say what you want and what you can do is a huge milestone. Keep practicing those 'mujhe' forms!
Write a 'To-Do' list for tomorrow using 'ko... -na hai'.
Record yourself saying three things you can do and one thing you can't.
クイック練習 (10)
正しい選択肢を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の義務:〜しなければならない (ko ... -na hai)
「私は行ける」の正しい言い方を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 能力の表現 (Saknā): ヒンディー語で「〜できる」と言う方法
Which sentence correctly says 'She wants to play'?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「欲しい」の表現:chāhie vs chāhnā
Find and fix the mistake:
हमें किताब पढ़ना है。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の義務:〜しなければならない (ko ... -na hai)
Hum nahin ___ sakte.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語で「できない」と言う:`sak`の前に`nahin`を使う (नहीं + सकना)
Woh gaana gaata sakta hai.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の動詞 Sakna: 「~できる」能力と許可 (सकना)
Main yeh kaam kar ___ hoon. (私はこの仕事ができます。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の動詞 Sakna: 「~できる」能力と許可 (सकना)
मुझे कॉफ़ी ___ (pina) है。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の義務:〜しなければならない (ko ... -na hai)
___ pānī chāhie. (I want water)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「欲しい」の表現:chāhie vs chāhnā
Find and fix the mistake:
वह नहीं देख सकता है。 (彼女は見ることができない - 女の子について)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 能力の表現 (Saknā): ヒンディー語で「〜できる」と言う方法
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
Aap jaa sakte hain.
Main jaa sakoonga もありますが、日常会話では現在形の Main jaa sakta hoonで近い未来を表すことも多いですよ。