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Kazakh
語彙
жүгіру

A1 verb 8分で読める

жүгіру

To run

At the A1 level, the word 'жүгіру' is one of the essential action verbs you will learn. It means 'to run'. You should focus on its most basic form and how to use it in simple sentences to describe your daily activities or hobbies. For example, you might say 'Мен жүгіремін' (I run). At this stage, it is important to understand that 'жүгіру' is different from 'жүру' (to walk/go). You will mostly use it with the present tense to talk about what you are doing now or what you do regularly. You will also learn to use it with basic location words, like 'саябақта' (in the park) or 'мектепке' (to school). The goal is to be able to tell someone that you like running or that you are running to a specific place because you are in a hurry. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just focus on the stem 'жүгір-' and adding simple endings like '-емін' (I), '-есің' (you), or '-еді' (he/she). Understanding this word helps you describe physical movement and is a building block for more complex verbs later on.

At the A2 level, you begin to expand your use of 'жүгіру' by incorporating more tenses and basic modal constructions. You will move beyond just saying 'I run' to saying 'I ran' (Мен жүгірдім) or 'I will run' (Мен жүгіремін). You will also learn to express ability or desire, such as 'Мен жүгіре аламын' (I can run) or 'Менің жүгіргім келеді' (I want to run). At this level, you should start paying attention to vowel harmony more closely, ensuring that the suffixes you add to 'жүгір-' match its soft vowels. You will also learn to use 'жүгіру' in the context of 'running to catch' something, like a bus or a train. You might start using adverbs of manner like 'тез' (fast) or 'жай' (slowly) to describe how you run. You will also be introduced to the word in its verbal noun form, where 'жүгіру' itself acts as a noun, for example, 'Жүгіру денсаулыққа пайдалы' (Running is good for health). This allows you to talk about the concept of running as an activity rather than just an action.

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At the B1 level, you will use 'жүгіру' in more complex sentence structures, including subordinate clauses and compound sentences. You will learn to use the gerund form 'жүгіріп' to describe how another action is performed. For example, 'Ол үйге жүгіріп келді' (He came home by running / He came running home). This 'verb + verb' structure is very common in Kazakh. You will also encounter the causative form 'жүгірту', which means 'to make/cause someone to run'. This is useful for talking about sports coaches or parents. At this level, you should also be familiar with common phrases and collocations, such as 'уақыт жүгіріп барады' (time is running/passing quickly). You will start to see the word in news reports or simple stories where it might describe people rushing to an event. Your vocabulary will also include synonyms like 'шабу' for more intense running. You should be able to discuss the benefits of running in more detail, using 'жүгіру' as a topic for a short essay or a conversation about lifestyle choices.

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At the B2 level, you will explore the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'жүгіру'. You will understand nuances like 'екі аяғын қолына алып жүгіру' (to run with one's legs in one's hands), which is an idiom for running extremely fast or being in a huge rush. You will also learn how 'жүгіру' is used in administrative and business contexts, such as 'құжаттармен жүгіру' (running around with documents/handling bureaucracy). At this level, your command of the various aspects of the verb should be strong, allowing you to use it in the conditional, optative, and various perfective forms. You will be able to distinguish between 'жүгіру' and more specific verbs like 'зымырау' (to dash) or 'безектеу' (to run around restlessly). You will also be able to read more complex texts, such as sports analysis or literature, where 'жүгіру' might be used to create a sense of pace or urgency. You should be able to debate the merits of different types of physical activity, using 'жүгіру' as a primary example, and handle complex grammar like 'жүгіретін' (the one who runs) or 'жүгірген' (the one who ran).

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At the C1 level, you will have a deep understanding of the stylistic nuances of 'жүгіру'. You will recognize its use in classical and modern Kazakh literature, where it can symbolize the transience of life or the pursuit of an elusive goal. You will be able to use the verb in highly formal or technical contexts, such as discussing the mechanics of human movement or the physiological effects of running. You will also be adept at using its various derivative forms, such as 'жүгіріс' (a run/movement) or 'жүгірме' (a runner/sliding part), in specialized discourse. At this level, you should be able to appreciate the rhythmic qualities the word adds to poetry and prose. You will also understand the socio-cultural implications of running in Kazakhstan, from the tradition of 'көкпар' (where horses run) to modern urban marathons as a symbol of globalization and health consciousness. Your usage will be natural, incorporating subtle particles and modal verbs to express precise degrees of certainty, obligation, or emotion related to the act of running.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like mastery of 'жүгіру' and all its related forms. You can use it across all registers, from street slang to the most elevated poetic style. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its place within the Turkic language family. You can effortlessly use it in complex philosophical discussions about motion, time, and existence. You are familiar with rare archaic forms or regional dialects that might use the word differently. You can translate complex English texts involving 'run' (which has dozens of meanings) into the most appropriate Kazakh equivalents, knowing exactly when 'жүгіру' is the right choice and when a word like 'басқару' (manage) or 'созылу' (extend) is required. You can also create original content, such as poems or stories, where 'жүгіру' is used as a central motif. Your understanding is not just linguistic but also deeply cultural, recognizing the word as part of a broader Kazakh identity that values speed, endurance, and the dynamic nature of life on the steppe and in the modern city.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

жүгіру 30秒で

The primary Kazakh verb for 'to run', used for exercise, urgency, and speed.
Follows soft vowel harmony (ү, і) and is conjugated from the stem 'жүгір-'.
Commonly used in compound verbs like 'жүгіріп келу' (to come running).
Essential for A1 learners to describe daily routines and physical activities.

The Kazakh verb жүгіру is the primary term for the physical action of running. At its core, it describes a gait faster than walking, where at some point both feet are off the ground simultaneously. In the Kazakh linguistic worldview, movement is highly nuanced, but жүгіру remains the standard, versatile verb used across all levels of formality. Whether you are discussing a professional athlete competing in a marathon at the Almaty Arena or a child playing tag in a village, this is the word you will employ. It is an intransitive verb in its base form, meaning it does not take a direct object in the accusative case unless modified by causative suffixes.

Physical Sport: In the context of fitness and athletics, it refers to jogging or sprinting. Kazakh speakers often use the phrase жүгірумен айналысу (to be occupied with running) to describe a hobby.

Мен күн сайын саябақта жүгіруді ұнатамын.

Translation: I like running in the park every day.

Beyond literal physical movement, жүгіру extends into functional and metaphorical domains. It can describe the flow of liquids or the passage of time in specific poetic contexts, though other verbs like ағу (to flow) or өту (to pass) are more common. However, when talking about errands or being busy, Kazakhs use the word to describe the 'hustle' of daily life. For instance, жұмыспен жүгіру implies running around for work-related tasks, suggesting a high level of activity and urgency.

Urgency and Speed: When someone is in a hurry to reach a destination, жүгіру emphasizes the speed. It is often paired with adverbs like тез (fast) or жылдам (quickly).

Ол мектепке кешігіп, жүгіріп кетті.

Translation: He was late for school and went running.

Metaphorical Use: In business or administrative contexts, 'running' after documents (құжаттармен жүгіру) describes the process of navigating bureaucracy.

Уақыт жүгіріп барады.

Translation: Time is running (passing) quickly.

The word is also used in animal contexts, though specific verbs exist for horses (шабу). For dogs or wild animals, жүгіру is the standard term. In modern urban settings, you will see signs for жүгіру жолы (running track/treadmill) in every fitness center. Understanding this word is fundamental for any A1 learner as it forms the basis for describing daily movement and health routines in Kazakhstan.

Using жүгіру correctly requires an understanding of Kazakh verb conjugation and the use of cases for direction and location. As a verb of motion, it often interacts with the dative case (to where) and the ablative case (from where). The stem is жүгір-, and because it ends in a consonant, it follows specific suffix patterns for tense and aspect. For example, in the present continuous, we use the auxiliary verb жүр or the focus form жүгіріп жатыр.

Present Tense: To say 'I run' as a habit, use the present-future tense: Мен жүгіремін. Note the connecting vowel 'е' added to the stem.

Сен стадионда жүгіресің бе?

Translation: Do you run at the stadium?

When indicating the destination, the target noun must be in the dative case (suffixes: -ға/-ге, -қа/-ке). For instance, 'running to the house' is үйге жүгіру. Conversely, if you are running 'from' somewhere, use the ablative case (-дан/-ден, -тан/-тен, -нан/-нен), such as мектептен жүгіру (running from school).

Past Tense: The definite past uses the suffix -ді/-ды. Example: Ол тез жүгірді (He/she ran fast).

Біз кеше орман ішінде жүгірдік.

Translation: We ran inside the forest yesterday.

In more advanced structures, you might see the causative form жүгірту (to make someone run). This is common in sports training contexts. Additionally, the word can be used as a noun in the form жүгіріс (a run/race), which describes the event itself rather than the action. For A1 learners, focusing on the simple subject-verb-adverb structure is the most effective way to gain fluency.

Балалар далада жүгіріп жүр.

Translation: The children are running around outside.

Negative Form: The negative suffix -ме is added to the stem: жүгірме (don't run). Example: Мен бүгін жүгірмеймін (I will not run today).

In the modern urban landscape of Kazakhstan, particularly in cities like Almaty and Astana, жүгіру is a ubiquitous term. You will hear it most frequently in the context of healthy living (салауатты өмір салты). Since the launch of major city marathons, the culture of 'jogging' has exploded. On a weekend morning at the Almaty Presidential Park, you will hear coaches shouting 'Жүгір!' to their students or friends encouraging each other with 'Жүгірейік!' (Let's run!).

Gyms and Fitness: In fitness centers, instructors often use the term when setting treadmill tasks. You might hear: 'Бес минут бойы жылдам жүгіріңіз' (Run fast for five minutes).

Марафонға жүгіру үшін дайындық керек.

Translation: Preparation is needed to run a marathon.

Another common setting is in schools and educational environments. During Physical Education (дене шынықтыру) classes, жүгіру is a core activity. Teachers use it for warm-ups and competitive races. If you are watching Kazakh news or sports channels like QazSport, commentators will use various forms of this verb to describe the movement of football players or track athletes. The term is also used in household settings, especially with children. Parents often tell their children 'Далаға шығып, жүгіріп кел' (Go outside and run around/play) to encourage physical activity.

Public Transport: You will often hear people say they had to run to catch a bus: 'Автобусқа жүгіріп үлгердім' (I managed to catch the bus by running).

Спортшы мәреге бірінші болып жүгіріп келді.

Translation: The athlete came running to the finish line first.

In literature and cinema, жүгіру might be used to describe a character fleeing from danger or rushing toward a loved one. It carries a sense of dynamic energy. In modern Kazakh pop music, you might find lyrics about 'running toward a dream' (арманға жүгіру), showing its versatility in expressing ambition and progress. Whether in the frantic pace of Almaty's business district or the playful atmosphere of a village yard, this word is the heartbeat of Kazakh motion.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Kazakh is confusing жүгіру (to run) with жүру (to walk, to move, to go). While they look similar and both start with 'жү-', жүру is a much broader verb that often functions like 'to go' or 'to be in the process of'. Using жүру when you mean the physical act of running will make you sound like you are just walking or simply traveling.

The 'жүру' vs 'жүгіру' Trap: Mistake: 'Мен саябақта жүрмін' (I am walking/being in the park) instead of 'Мен саябақта жүгіріп жүрмін' (I am running in the park).

Қате: Мен тез жүрдім. (Wrong if you meant 'I ran fast')

Correct: Мен тез жүгірдім.

Another common mistake involves vowel harmony. Kazakh is an agglutinative language with strict vowel harmony rules. Beginners often misapply suffixes. Since жүгіру contains front vowels (ү, і), all subsequent suffixes must also contain front vowels. For example, the dative suffix should be '-ге' (жүгіруге), not '-ға'. Similarly, the past tense is 'жүгірді', not 'жүгірды'.

Vowel Harmony Errors: Learners often forget that 'ү' and 'і' are 'soft' (front) vowels and use 'hard' (back) suffixes like '-ды' or '-ған'.

Finally, English speakers often try to use жүгіру for 'running a business' or 'running a program'. In Kazakh, this is a literal physical verb. For running a business, use басқару (to manage) or жүргізу (to conduct/lead). Using жүгіру in these contexts will cause confusion as it implies you are physically running around the office building.

Қате: Мен бизнес жүгіремін.

Correct: Мен бизнес жүргіземін.

Transitivity Misuse: Learners sometimes try to say 'I run the race' using the accusative. In Kazakh, you run 'in' a race (жарыста жүгіру) or 'to' a finish line.

While жүгіру is the general word for running, Kazakh is rich with specific verbs that describe the speed, manner, or subject of the movement. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow for more precise descriptions.

Шабу (To Gallop / To Run Fast): This is primarily used for horses. However, it can be used metaphorically for a person running very fast, like a horse in full stride. It implies a much higher speed than жүгіру.
Зымырау (To Dash / To Zoom): This verb describes extremely fast movement, often used for vehicles, birds, or time. If a person 'зымырап кетті', they didn't just run; they vanished in a flash.
Зулау (To Whiz / To Speed): Similar to зымырау, this suggests a whistling speed, like a bullet or a fast car. It focuses on the sound and air pressure of the speed.

Аттар далада шауып жүр.

Translation: The horses are galloping in the field.

If you want to describe a slower, more leisurely pace, you might use желпілдеу (to trot/light run) or simply жылдам жүру (to walk fast). In contrast, if someone is running away in fear or deserting, the verb безу (to flee/run away from) or қашу (to escape/run away) is more appropriate. Қашу is specifically used when there is a 'from' element, like escaping from a pursuer or a cage.

Comparison: жүгіру vs. қашу: жүгіру: Focuses on the physical action and speed. Neutral.
қашу: Focuses on the intent to escape or avoid something. Emotional/Situational.

Қоян қасқырдан қашып барады.

Translation: The rabbit is running away (escaping) from the wolf.

In summary, while жүгіру is your 'go-to' verb, keep шабу for horses/intensity, зымырау for extreme speed, and қашу for escapes. This distinction will make your Kazakh much more descriptive and natural.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"Дене шынықтыру сабағында оқушылар жүгіру нормативтерін тапсырады."

ニュートラル

"Мен саябақта жүгіруді ұнатамын."

カジュアル

"Тез жүгіріп келші!"

Child friendly

"Қоян секіріп-жүгіріп жүр."

スラング

"Ол зымырап жүгіріп кетті, тіпті шаңын да көрмедік."

豆知識

While the Turkish cognate 'yürümek' now means 'to walk', the Kazakh 'жүгіру' has strictly maintained its meaning of 'to run' throughout history, showing the divergence of Turkic branches.

発音ガイド

UK /ʒʏɡʏˈɾʏ/

US /ʒʏɡʏˈɾu/

The stress in Kazakh verbs typically falls on the last syllable: жүгірУ.

韻が合う語

түру күру сүрү жүру кіру біру тіру іру

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ж' as 'dzh' (like English 'j'). It should be a soft 'zh' sound.
Confusing 'ү' with 'ұ'. 'ү' is front/soft, 'ұ' is back/hard.
Replacing 'і' with a long 'ee' sound. 'і' is very short.
Misplacing stress on the first syllable.
Not rounding the lips enough for the 'ү' sound.

難易度

読解 1/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to its distinctive 'жү-' prefix and 'у' ending.

ライティング 2/5

Requires attention to vowel harmony when adding suffixes to the stem 'жүгір-'.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'ж' and 'ү' sounds can be challenging for English speakers to master initially.

リスニング 2/5

Clearly audible in speech, though can be confused with 'жүру' if spoken very fast.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

жүру аяқ тез бару келу

次に学ぶ

секіру шабу қашу зымырау жаттығу

上級

жүгіріс ентігу төзімділік мәре сөре

知っておくべき文法

Vowel Harmony (Front Vowels)

жүгір + ге (not ға) because 'і' is a front vowel.

Causative Suffix -т

жүгіру -> жүгірту (to make run).

Gerund -іп

жүгіріп келу (to come by running).

Present-Future Tense -е

Мен жүгіремін (I run).

Verbal Noun -у

Жүгіру пайдалы (Running is useful).

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レベル別の例文

Мен күнде таңертең жүгіремін.

I run every morning.

Present-future tense: жүгір + е + мін.

Бала тез жүгіреді.

The child runs fast.

Third person singular: жүгір + е + ді.

Біз мектепке жүгірдік.

We ran to school.

Past tense: жүгір + ді + к.

Сен жүгіруді ұнатасың ба?

Do you like running?

Verbal noun (infinitive) as an object: жүгіру + ді.

Ол стадионда жүгіріп жүр.

He is running at the stadium.

Present continuous: жүгіріп + жүр.

Жүгірме, құлайсың!

Don't run, you will fall!

Imperative negative: жүгір + ме.

Маған жүгіру керек.

I need to run.

Necessity construction with verbal noun.

Олар өзенге қарай жүгірді.

They ran towards the river.

Directional postposition: қарай (towards).

Кеше мен бес шақырым жүгірдім.

Yesterday I ran five kilometers.

Past tense with a specific distance.

Сен марафонда жүгіре аласың ба?

Can you run in a marathon?

Potential mood: жүгіре + аласың.

Жаңбыр жауғанда жүгіру қиын.

It is difficult to run when it rains.

Temporal clause: жауғанда (when it rains).

Ол үйіне жүгіріп кетті.

He ran off to his house.

Compound verb: жүгіріп + кетті (implies sudden departure).

Біз ертең тауда жүгіреміз.

We will run in the mountains tomorrow.

Future intent with locative 'тауда'.

Жүгіруден кейін су ішу керек.

After running, one must drink water.

Postposition: кейін (after) with ablative.

Ол өте жылдам жүгіретін бала.

He is a boy who runs very fast.

Participle used as an adjective: жүгіретін.

Менің бүгін жүгіргім келмейді.

I don't want to run today.

Desiderative mood: жүгір + гі + м + келмейді.

Жаттықтырушы балаларды стадионда жүгіртті.

The coach made the children run at the stadium.

Causative form: жүгір + т + ті.

Ол автобусқа жүгіріп үлгерді.

He managed to catch the bus by running.

Compound verb: жүгіріп + үлгерді (managed to).

Жүгіріп келе жатқанда, ол кілттерін түсіріп алды.

While he was running, he dropped his keys.

Converbial clause: жүгіріп келе жатқанда.

Спортпен айналысу, соның ішінде жүгіру, өте пайдалы.

Doing sports, including running, is very useful.

Inclusive phrase: соның ішінде (including).

Ол маған жүгіріп келіп, жаңалықты айтты.

He came running to me and told the news.

Sequential action using -іп.

Көп жүгіруден аяғым ауырып қалды.

My legs started hurting from running a lot.

Ablative of cause: жүгіру + ден.

Сен жүгіре бер, мен қазір жетемін.

Keep running, I will catch up now.

Continuous action: жүгіре + бер.

Жүгіру жарысына қатысу үшін өтінім бердім.

I applied to participate in the running competition.

Compound noun: жүгіру жарысы.

Ол екі аяғын қолына алып жүгіріп кетті.

He ran as fast as his legs could carry him.

Idiomatic expression for extreme speed.

Құжаттарды реттеу үшін күні бойы мекемелерге жүгірдім.

I ran around to institutions all day to sort out documents.

Metaphorical use for administrative errands.

Уақыттың қалай жүгіріп өткенін байқамай қалдық.

We didn't notice how time had run (passed) by.

Metaphorical use of running for time.

Ол жауапкершіліктен жүгіріп қашып жүр.

He is running away from responsibility.

Abstract usage: running away from a concept.

Жүгіру жолындағы кедергілерді жеңу керек.

One must overcome the obstacles on the running path.

Locative with adjectival suffix: жолындағы.

Оның жүгірісінен кәсіби спортшы екені көрініп тұр.

It's clear from his run (gait) that he is a professional athlete.

Noun derivative: жүгіріс (a run/gait).

Ақшаның соңынан жүгіру әрқашан бақыт әкелмейді.

Running after money doesn't always bring happiness.

Metaphorical pursuit.

Ол бөлме ішінде ары-бері жүгіріп, мазасызданды.

He ran back and forth inside the room, feeling anxious.

Adverbial phrase: ары-бері (back and forth).

Автор өмірдің өтпелі екенін жүгірген сумен бейнелейді.

The author depicts the transience of life with running water.

Literary use of 'жүгірген' as an attribute.

Қоғамдағы өзгерістерге ілесу үшін үнемі алға жүгіру қажет.

To keep up with changes in society, one must constantly run forward.

Abstract social commentary.

Оның ойлары бірінен соң бірі жүгіріп өтіп жатты.

His thoughts were racing (running) one after another.

Mental process metaphor.

Жүгіру кезіндегі тыныс алу техникасы өте маңызды.

Breathing technique during running is very important.

Technical/Scientific context.

Тарихтың дөңгелегі тоқтаусыз жүгіріп келеді.

The wheel of history has been running (turning) without stop.

High-level metaphorical expression.

Ол өзінің балалық шағына жүгіріп оралғысы келеді.

He wants to run back to his childhood.

Nostalgic metaphorical use.

Жүгіру – бұл тек физикалық емес, рухани да шынығу.

Running is not just physical, but also spiritual training.

Philosophical statement.

Көз алдынан өткен күндер жүгіріп өтті.

The past days flashed (ran) before his eyes.

Evocative literary imagery.

Жүгірудің антропологиялық аспектілері көшпелі мәдениетте айқын көрінеді.

The anthropological aspects of running are clearly visible in nomadic culture.

Academic/Scientific register.

Тілдік жүйедегі динамиканы 'жүгіру' метафорасы арқылы түсіндіруге болады.

The dynamics in the linguistic system can be explained through the 'running' metaphor.

Linguistic analysis context.

Қылмыскер заңның құрығынан қанша жүгірсе де, бәрібір ұсталады.

No matter how much the criminal runs from the lasso of the law, he will still be caught.

Idiomatic/Proverbial style.

Жүгірудің физиологиялық шегі адам мүмкіндіктерінің көрінісі.

The physiological limit of running is a manifestation of human capabilities.

Formal scientific discourse.

Ол өз тағдырынан жүгіріп құтыла алмайтынын түсінді.

He realized he could not escape (run away) from his fate.

Existential/Literary theme.

Жүйрік аттың жүгірісі – қазақ поэзиясының мәңгілік тақырыбы.

The run of a swift horse is an eternal theme of Kazakh poetry.

Cultural/Artistic commentary.

Саяси аренадағы оқиғалар жүгіріп, алмасып жатыр.

Events in the political arena are running (moving) and changing rapidly.

Political metaphor.

Жүгіру арқылы адам өз еркіндігін сезінеді.

Through running, a person feels their freedom.

Abstract philosophical conclusion.

よく使う組み合わせ

жылдам жүгіру

таңертең жүгіру

марафонға жүгіру

жүгіру жолы

тез жүгіру

алға жүгіру

көп жүгіру

бірге жүгіру

жарыста жүгіру

далада жүгіру

よく使うフレーズ

Жүгіріп кел

Уақыт жүгіріп барады

Жүгіріп бару

Артынан жүгіру

Жүгіруге шығу

Жүгіріп өту

Босқа жүгіру

Жүгіріп кіру

Жүгіріп шығу

Жүгіруден жарысу

よく混同される語

жүгіру vs жүру

Means to walk or move generally. 'Жүгіру' is specifically running.

жүгіру vs жүргізу

Means to drive or conduct. Often confused when trying to say 'run a business'.

жүгіру vs жүк

Means 'cargo' or 'load'. Sounds similar at the start but unrelated.

慣用句と表現

"Екі аяғын қолына алып жүгіру"

To run extremely fast, usually out of fear or extreme urgency.

Қасқырды көргенде, ол екі аяғын қолына алып жүгірді.

Informal

"Табанынан таусылып жүгіру"

To run around so much that one is completely exhausted (literally 'wearing out one's soles').

Құжат жинаймын деп табанымнан таусылып жүгірдім.

Neutral

"Көз жүгірту"

To scan or glance through something (like a book or document) quickly.

Мәтінге бір көз жүгіртіп шықшы.

Neutral

"Ат терлетіп жүгіру"

To come from a long distance in a hurry (literally 'making the horse sweat').

Сені көру үшін ат терлетіп жүгіріп келдім.

Poetic/Traditional

"Желмен жарысып жүгіру"

To run very fast, as if racing with the wind.

Балалар желмен жарысып жүгіріп жүр.

Literary

"Құстай ұшып жүгіру"

To run as if flying like a bird; very light and fast.

Ол хабарды естігенде құстай ұшып жүгірді.

Literary

"Жан ұшырып жүгіру"

To run desperately, putting all one's soul/effort into it.

Көмек сұрап жан ұшырып жүгірді.

Emotional

"Алды-артына қарамай жүгіру"

To run without looking back; to flee headlong.

Ол алды-артына қарамай жүгіре жөнелді.

Neutral

"Беті ауған жаққа жүгіру"

To run aimlessly in whatever direction one's face is pointed.

Қорыққаннан беті ауған жаққа жүгірді.

Neutral

"Ентігіп жүгіру"

To run while gasping for breath.

Ол ентігіп жүгіріп келіп, тоқтады.

Neutral

間違えやすい

жүгіру vs жүру

Both start with 'жү-' and relate to movement.

Жүру is walking/going; жүгіру is running. Жүру is also used as an auxiliary verb.

Мен саябақта жүрмін (I am walking/being in the park) vs. Мен саябақта жүгіремін (I run in the park).

жүгіру vs шабу

Both mean to run in certain contexts.

Шабу is primarily for horses (galloping) or extreme human speed. Жүгіру is the general term.

Ат шабады (The horse gallops) vs. Адам жүгіреді (The person runs).

жүгіру vs қашу

Both involve running.

Қашу specifically means running away or escaping. Жүгіру is the physical act.

Мен қаштым (I escaped) vs. Мен жүгірдім (I ran).

жүгіру vs зымырау

Both describe fast movement.

Зымырау is much faster, like a rocket or a flash. Жүгіру is human speed.

Уақыт зымырайды (Time flies) vs. Бала жүгіреді (The child runs).

жүгіру vs жүргізу

Both come from the same root 'жүр-'.

Жүргізу is transitive (to drive, to conduct). Жүгіру is intransitive (to run).

Көлік жүргізу (Driving a car) vs. Жолда жүгіру (Running on the road).

文型パターン

[Subject] [Adverb] жүгіреді.

Ол тез жүгіреді.

[Subject] [Place-Locative] жүгіремін.

Мен саябақта жүгіремін.

[Subject] [Destination-Dative] жүгірді.

Біз үйге жүгірдік.

[Subject] жүгіруді ұнатады.

Бала жүгіруді ұнатады.

[Subject] жүгіріп [Verb].

Ол жүгіріп келді.

[Subject] [Person-Accusative] жүгіртті.

Мұғалім бізді жүгіртті.

[Subject] [Noun-Ablative] жүгіріп қашты.

Ұры полициядан жүгіріп қашты.

Жүгіру кезінде [Noun] маңызды.

Жүгіру кезінде тыныс алу маңызды.

語族

名詞

жүгіріс a run, a race, or the manner of running

жүгірме a slider or a runner (mechanical part)

動詞

жүгірту to make someone run (causative)

жүгірісу to run together or compete in running

形容詞

жүгіргіш capable of running well, fast-running

使い方

frequency

Very high; one of the top 500 most used verbs in Kazakh.

よくある間違い

Мен бизнес жүгіремін. → Мен бизнес жүргіземін.
You cannot 'run' a business with the verb 'жүгіру'. Use 'жүргізу' or 'басқару'.
Ол стадионда жүгірды. → Ол стадионда жүгірді.
Vowel harmony error. 'жүгір-' is a soft stem, so it needs the soft suffix '-ді', not the hard '-ды'.
Мен жүгіруге жақсы көремін. → Мен жүгіруді жақсы көремін.
The verb 'жақсы көру' (to like/love) requires the accusative case (-ді), not the dative (-ге).
Автобус жүгіріп жатыр. → Автобус келе жатыр.
Buses don't 'run' in Kazakh; they 'come' or 'move'. 'Жүгіру' is for living beings.
Мен тез жүрдім (when meaning 'I ran'). → Мен тез жүгірдім.
'Жүру' means to walk. If you ran, you must use 'жүгіру'.

ヒント

Stem Identification

Always remember the stem is 'жүгір-'. The 'у' is just an ending. All your conjugations start from 'жүгір-'.

Soft Vowels

Keep your tongue forward and your lips rounded for the 'ү' sound. It’s the key to sounding native.

Compound Verbs

Kazakh loves compound verbs. Instead of just saying 'I ran home', say 'Үйге жүгіріп келдім' (I came home running).

Noun Form

Use 'жүгіріс' when you want to talk about the 'manner' or 'style' of someone's running.

JUG-ER-OO

Visualize a jug running. It’s a simple way to remember the three syllables of the word.

Marathon Talk

If you are in Almaty, mention the 'Almaty Marathon'. It's a great way to use the word in conversation.

Avoid 'Run' Overload

Don't translate every English 'run' to 'жүгіру'. If it's not physical movement, check for a different verb.

Imperative

Use 'Жүгір!' to tell someone to run. It’s short, sharp, and effective.

Verb Endings

Pay attention to the endings. 'Жүгірді' is past, 'жүгіреді' is present. The difference is just one vowel sound.

Adverb Placement

Place adverbs like 'тез' (fast) right before the verb: 'Тез жүгіру'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'JUG-er-OO'. Imagine a giant JUG of water running a marathon in an OO (a stadium). JUG-er-OO = жүгіру.

視覚的連想

Visualize a pair of running shoes with the word 'ЖҮГІР' written on the soles. Every time the runner steps, the word 'жүгіру' appears on the ground.

Word Web

спорт жылдамдық аяқ стадион марафон ентігу жарыс денсаулық

チャレンジ

Try to say 'Мен бүгін саябақта жүгіремін' (I will run in the park today) five times fast without stumbling over the 'ж' and 'ү' sounds.

語源

The word 'жүгіру' comes from the Old Turkic root 'yügür-', which has meant 'to run' for over a millennium. It is found in various forms across almost all Turkic languages (e.g., Turkish 'yürümek' which shifted meaning to 'walk', but 'yüğürmek' in older texts).

元の意味： To move rapidly on foot.

Turkic -> Kipchak -> Kazakh.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but be mindful that in traditional rural settings, running everywhere might be seen as a sign of extreme distress or emergency rather than leisure.

In English, 'run' has many meanings (run a business, run a computer). In Kazakh, 'жүгіру' is mostly physical. Don't use it for 'running a company'.

Almaty Marathon (The biggest running event in Central Asia) Shaken Aimanov movies (often feature scenes of running across the steppe) Kazakh folk tales where heroes run for forty days and nights

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Fitness

Жүгіру жолы қайда?
Мен марафонға дайындалып жүрмін.
Күнде бес шақырым жүгіремін.
Спорттық аяқ киім керек.

Urgency

Тез жүгір!
Мен кешігіп жатырмын, жүгіруім керек.
Ол автобусқа жүгіріп кетті.
Асығыс жүгіріп барамын.

Children Playing

Балалар, далада жүгіріңдер!
Кім тез жүгіреді?
Бір-бірімізді қуып жүгірейік.
Абайлап жүгір.

Bureaucracy/Errands

Құжаттармен жүгіріп жүрмін.
Мекемелерге жүгіруден шаршадым.
Бүгін көп жүгіру керек.
Жұмыспен жүгіріп кеттім.

Nature/Animals

Ит мысықтың артынан жүгірді.
Орман ішінде жүгіру керемет.
Тауда жүгіру қиын ба?
Жабайы аңдар тез жүгіреді.

会話のきっかけ

"Сіз таңертең жүгіруді ұнатасыз ба?"

"Сіздің қалаңызда жүгіруге арналған жақсы жерлер бар ма?"

"Марафонға қатысып көрдіңіз бе?"

"Жүгіру кезінде музыка тыңдайсыз ба?"

"Сіз үшін жүгірудің ең қиын тұсы не?"

日記のテーマ

Бүгін жүгіруге шықтыңыз ба? Сезіміңіз қандай болды?

Жүгірудің денсаулыққа пайдасы туралы не ойлайсыз?

Сіз қашан соңғы рет бір жерге жету үшін жүгірдіңіз?

Егер сіз марафонға қатыссаңыз, қандай дайындық жасар едіңіз?

Жүгіру кезінде қандай ойлар келеді?

よくある質問

10 問

To conjugate 'жүгіру', remove the 'у' to get the stem 'жүгір-'. Then add the connecting vowel 'е' and the personal endings. For example: Мен жүгіремін, Сен жүгіресің, Ол жүгіреді.

No, 'жүгіру' is strictly for physical running. For running a business, you should use the verb 'басқару' (to manage) or 'жүргізу' (to conduct).

'Жүгіру' is the general word for running used for humans and animals. 'Шабу' is specifically for galloping (horses) or extremely high-speed running.

You say 'Мен жүгіруді ұнатамын'. Here, 'жүгіру' acts as a verbal noun in the accusative case.

It is a soft word because it contains the soft vowels 'ү' and 'і'. This means all suffixes must also be soft (e.g., -ге, -ді, -мін).

You use the gerund form 'жүгіріп' with a verb of motion. For example, 'жүгіріп бару' means 'to go by running' or 'to run to a place'.

This is an idiom meaning 'to glance through' or 'to scan' something quickly with your eyes, like a newspaper.

A running track is called 'жүгіру жолы'.

The past tense is formed by adding '-ді' to the stem: 'жүгірді'. Example: 'Ол кеше жүгірді' (He/she ran yesterday).

It is poetic but rare. Usually, 'ағу' is used for water. However, 'жүгірген су' can be used in literature to describe fast-moving water.

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