B2 · 中上級 チャプター 5

Advanced Contrast and Concession

5 トータルルール
50 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional nuance through advanced contrast and determined concession in Korean.

  • Compare opposing facts professionally using contrastive structures.
  • Describe multifaceted situations where two different actions occur simultaneously.
  • Express unwavering determination and acknowledge the futility of certain hypothetical outcomes.
Speak with nuance, argue with logic, and express firm resolve.

学べること

Hey there! Ready for a big leap in your Korean skills? In this chapter, you'll learn how to express nuanced differences and use phrases like 'on the other hand' and 'even if' just like a native speaker. Don't worry, these 'advanced' topics are easier than you think and super useful for everyday chats! First, you'll master '-는 반면에' to compare two things, like saying, 'The restaurant is crowded, *on the other hand*, the food is amazing!' Perfect for giving opinions or weighing options. Next, with '-는 한편' and its combo '-는 한편 -기도 하다', you'll describe two actions or traits happening at once. For instance, 'They study *and* they work.' This lets you explain situations and people with much greater detail. Finally, we tackle powerful 'even if' constructions! Using '-(으)ㄹ지언정', you can show strong determination: 'Even if it's difficult, I will learn Korean.' And with '-ㄴ/은들', you'll understand how to express 'it's no use even if' (when an outcome won't change). After this, you'll speak more beautifully and precisely, give complex opinions, and describe the world like a true Korean pro! Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to contrast two distinct facts in a formal report using -는 반면에.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to describe a person's dual roles or responsibilities using -는 한편.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to express strong personal principles using concession patterns like -(으)ㄹ지언정.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your next big step in mastering B2 Korean grammar! This chapter is designed to elevate your ability to express complex ideas, making your conversations much more nuanced and natural. If you're ready to move beyond basic sentence structures and truly sound like a native speaker, you're in the right place.
We'll dive into sophisticated ways to draw comparisons, describe simultaneous situations, and express strong concessions, all crucial for advanced communication.
Understanding these advanced Korean grammar patterns will not only improve your fluency but also significantly enhance your comprehension of spoken and written Korean. Whether you're discussing opinions, analyzing situations, or expressing determination, these structures will empower you to convey your thoughts with precision and elegance. Get ready to add powerful tools to your linguistic arsenal and impress native speakers with your refined Korean language skills.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down these powerful Korean grammar tools. First up, -는 반면에 allows you to show a sophisticated contrast, similar to
on the other hand
or while. It attaches to verb stems (present tense: -는 반면에), adjective stems (-(으)ㄴ 반면에), and nouns (인 반면에). For example, 이 식당은 비싼 반면에 음식은 정말 맛있어요 (This restaurant is expensive, *on the other hand*, the food is truly delicious).
This is perfect for weighing pros and cons.
Next, we have -는 한편, which can express both simultaneity (
while doing X, also doing Y
) and contrast (
on the one hand, on the other hand
). When used to describe two actions or states occurring together, it often appears with -기도 하다, forming -(으)ㄴ/는 한편 ... -기도 하다.
For instance, 그는 학생인 한편 아르바이트를 하기도 해요 (He is a student *and* he also works part-time). This construction is excellent for describing multifaceted situations or individuals.
Moving to concession, -(으)ㄹ지언정 conveys a strong even if or even though, often implying a determination or a significant concession. It attaches to verb and adjective stems. For example, 힘들지언정 포기하지 않을 거예요 (Even if it's difficult, I will not give up).
This shows a resolute attitude despite obstacles.
Finally, -ㄴ/은들 is an advanced hypothetical construction meaning "even if X happens, it's no use or what good would it do even if X?" It implies that a certain action or condition won't change an inevitable outcome. It attaches to verb and adjective stems, or after a noun with -인들. For instance, 지금 후회한들 뭐가 달라지겠어요?
(Even if I regret it now, what would change?). This expresses a sense of futility or resignation. Mastering these will give your B2 Korean a significant boost!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 그 영화는 재미있는 반면에 너무 길어요. (The movie is interesting on the other hand too long.)
✓ Correct: 그 영화는 재미있는 반면에 너무 길었어요. (The movie was interesting, *on the other hand*, it was too long.)
*Explanation:* -는 반면에 usually contrasts two attributes or facts about the same subject. While interesting is an adjective, it needs to be in the correct tense or form if describing a past event or a general characteristic. The original sentence was grammatically okay but the context implies a completed action.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 공부할지언정 잠을 잘 거예요. (Even if I study, I will sleep.)
✓ Correct: 힘들지언정 공부할 거예요. (Even if it's difficult, I will study.)
*Explanation:* -(으)ㄹ지언정 expresses a strong concession where the speaker will still do something *despite* the difficult condition. The original sentence implies doing two things that are not typically despite each other in the intended way. It should be
Even if X (difficult/undesirable thing), I will still Y (determined action).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 지금 노력한들 아무것도 바뀌지 않을 거야. (Even if I try now, nothing will change.)
✓ Correct: 지금 노력한들 뭐가 달라지겠어? (Even if I try now, what would change?)
*Explanation:* While the meaning is similar, -ㄴ/은들 is very often used in rhetorical questions to emphasize the futility or lack of impact. While the first sentence is understandable, the rhetorical question is more natural and idiomatic in B2 Korean for this grammar point.

Real Conversations

A

A

이 레스토랑은 분위기는 좋은 반면에 가격이 너무 비싸요. (This restaurant has a nice atmosphere, *on the other hand*, the prices are too expensive.)
B

B

맞아요. 데이트하기에는 좋지만 매일 가기에는 부담스럽죠. (You're right. It's good for a date, but it's too much to go every day.)
A

A

그 작가는 베스트셀러를 쓰는 한편 사회 운동에도 적극적으로 참여하곤 해요. (That author writes bestsellers *and* also actively participates in social movements.)
B

B

정말 대단하네요. 글도 쓰고 사회에 기여도 하고요. (That's really amazing. They write and contribute to society.)
A

A

아무리 어려울지언정 저는 이 프로젝트를 끝까지 해낼 거예요. (No matter how difficult it is, *even if* it's difficult, I will see this project through to the end.)
B

B

그런 강한 의지가 있으면 분명 성공할 거예요. (With such strong determination, you will surely succeed.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How is -는 반면에 different from -지만 (but)?

-는 반면에 (on the other hand) emphasizes a contrast between two distinct aspects of the *same subject* or situation, often balancing pros and cons, whereas -지만 (but) is a more general conjunction for any contrasting statement. -는 반면에 offers a more sophisticated comparison, common in advanced Korean grammar.

Q

Can -는 한편 always be used interchangeably with -는 동시에 (at the same time)?

Not always. While both can express simultaneity, -는 한편 often implies that the two actions or states are *different aspects* or roles of the same subject, sometimes with a slight contrast or balance. -는 동시에 strictly means

at the exact same time.
-는 한편 is more versatile, also conveying
on the one hand.

Q

When should I use -(으)ㄹ지언정 instead of simpler even if expressions like -아/어도?

-(으)ㄹ지언정 conveys a much stronger sense of determination, sacrifice, or a resolute stance despite an extreme or undesirable condition. It's more formal and dramatic than -아/어도, which is a general even if/though. Use -(으)ㄹ지언정 when you want to emphasize an unwavering commitment, a key aspect for B2 Korean expression.

Cultural Context

These B2 Korean grammar patterns are frequently used in formal discussions, debates, academic writing, and when expressing nuanced opinions in everyday conversation. -는 반면에 is very common when evaluating choices or giving balanced feedback. -는 한편 is often heard when describing people's complex lives or multifaceted societal issues.
-(으)ㄹ지언정 adds gravitas to personal declarations or principles, while -ㄴ/은들 expresses a philosophical resignation, often in more reflective or slightly critical contexts. Mastering them helps you articulate thoughts with the depth and subtlety that native Korean speakers appreciate.

重要な例文 (8)

1

이 식당은 맛있는 반면에 너무 비싸요.

この店は美味しい反面、高すぎます。

洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)
2

형은 조용한 반면에 동생은 말이 많아요.

兄は静かな反面、弟はおしゃべりです。

洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)
3

이 아파트는 교통이 편리한 한편 월세가 비싸요.

このアパートは交通が便利な一方で、家賃が高いです。

洗練された同時性：〜する一方で (-는 한편)
4

그는 대학생인 한편 인기 있는 유튜버입니다.

彼は大学生である一方で、人気のユーチューバーでもあります。

洗練された同時性：〜する一方で (-는 한편)
5

그는 회사를 경영하는 한편 대학에서 강의를 하기도 한다.

彼は会社を経営するかたわら、大学で講義をしたりもする。

一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)
6

이 스마트폰은 디자인이 예쁜 한편 가격이 비싸기도 하다.

このスマートフォンはデザインが美しい一方で、価格が高くもある。

一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)
7

I would rather starve than beg.

飢え死にしても、物乞いはしない。

格調高い譲歩: -(으)ㄹ지언정 (たとえ～だとしても)
8

Even if you are late, please do not give up.

たとえ遅れたとしても、諦めないでください。

格調高い譲歩: -(으)ㄹ지언정 (たとえ～だとしても)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「있다/없다」の例外ルール

「재미있다（面白い）」や「맛없다（まずい）」は形容詞のような意味ですが、活用は動詞と同じ「-는」を使います。 «재미있는 반면에» と言うのが正解です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)
💡

「있다/없다」の例外ルール

「있다」や「없다」で終わる形容詞（맛있다, 재미있다など）は、動詞と同じルールに従います。形容詞の形ではなく、常に «맛있는 한편» のように「-는」を付けます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 洗練された同時性：〜する一方で (-는 한편)
💡

「バランス」が鍵！

同じ対象について、ポジティブな面とネガティブな面、あるいは二つの異なる役割を並べてバランスを取るのがコツです。「도시 생활은 편리한 한편 스트레스가 많기도 해요.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)
🎯

最強の「逆接」モード

これは「でも」の最強バージョンだと考えてください。何があっても、絶対に二番目の行動を止めることはできないという強い決意を示す時に使います。«실패했을지언정 후회는 없다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 格調高い譲歩: -(으)ㄹ지언정 (たとえ～だとしても)

重要な語彙 (6)

장점 advantage / strength 단점 disadvantage / weakness 병행하다 to do two things at once / to handle simultaneously 소용없다 to be useless / to be of no avail 각오 determination / resolution 수익 profit / earnings

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Strategic Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb/Adj + -는/ㄴ/은 반면에
  • Verb + -는 한편
  • Verb/Adj + -(으)ㄹ지언정

よくある間違い

-는 반면에 is for contrasting two facts (A is X, but B is Y), not for simple situational contrast like 'It's raining but I don't have an umbrella'.

Wrong: 비가 오는 반면에 우산이 없어요.
正解: 비가 오는데 우산이 없어요.

-ㄴ/은들 is almost always used with a rhetorical question (ending in -겠어요?, -까?) to emphasize that the outcome won't change.

Wrong: 돈이 많은들 행복해요?
正解: 돈이 많은들 행복하겠어요?

-(으)ㄹ지언정 is used for future determination or hypothetical situations, not for past events that actually happened.

Wrong: 피곤했지언정 공부했어요.
正解: 피곤할지언정 공부하겠어요.

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)

B2
「対照的な事実」をスマートに並べるなら «-는 반면에»。まるでコインの「裏表」を説明するような «洗練された対比» が作れます。
이 식당은 맛있는 반면에 너무 비싸요.
10 例文
2

洗練された同時性：〜する一方で (-는 한편)

B2
「〜する一方で」「〜である反面」という意味で、物事の二面性や並行する状況をスマートに表現できる魔法のフレーズです。 «한편» «는 한편» «인 한편»
이 아파트는 교통이 편리한 한편 월세가 비싸요.
10 例文
3

一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)

B2
「«-는 한편»」を使って、一つの対象が持つ「二つの側面」や「同時進行する役割」をプロフェッショナルに表現しましょう。「«-기도 하다»」をセットで使うのが定番です。
그는 회사를 경영하는 한편 대학에서 강의를 하기도...
10 例文
4

格調高い譲歩: -(으)ㄹ지언정 (たとえ～だとしても)

B2
「-(으)ㄹ지언정」は、極限の状態を認めた上で、それ以上に強い意志や事実を主張する「不屈の譲歩」の表現です。«결심» (決心) や «의지» (意志) を伝える時にぴったりの、少し重みのある言葉です。
I would rather starve than beg.
10 例文
5

上級仮定：-ㄴ/은들（〜したところで無駄）

B2
「仮にそうだとしても無意味だ」という強い懐疑心を表す時に使いましょう。«소용없다» や «무슨 소용» とセットで覚えるのがコツです。
돈이 많은들 건강을 잃으면 무슨 소용이 있어?
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just conquered some of the most difficult logical structures in the Korean language. Take a moment to be proud—you're speaking like a true intellectual now!

Write a pros and cons list for your favorite city using -는 반면에.

Record a voice memo describing your current life roles (student, worker, parent) using -는 한편.

Continue to: Expressing Extreme States

クイック練習 (10)

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

正しい対比の文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 김치는 매운 반면에 맛있어요.
「맵다」は ㅂ不規則形容詞です。「매우」に変化してから「ㄴ」が付くので「매운」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)

フォーマルな文章として最も自然なものを選んでください。

多機能な機械を説明するのに最適な文章はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 기계는 작은 한편 기능이 다양하기도 하다.
「작고」も間違いではありませんが、フォーマルな文脈で二つの側面を述べるには「작은 한편」が最も洗練されています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)

「行ったところで」という意味になるように、文を完成させてください。

거기에 ___ 소용없어요. (가다)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 간들
後ろに '소용없어요'（意味ありません）という言葉があるため、無意味さを表す -ㄴ들（간들）が最適です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 上級仮定：-ㄴ/은들（〜したところで無駄）

二重の役割を示すために、空欄を埋めてください。

그는 작가___ ___ 화가이기도 하다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 인 한편
「작가（作家）」は名詞なので、「인 한편」を繋げるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)

空欄に入る正しい形を選んでください。

이 옷은 ___ 반면에 품질은 좋아요. (この服は安い反面、品質は良いです。) [싸다: 安い]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 싼
「싸다」は形容詞で、語幹が母音で終わっているので「ㄴ」を付けて「싼」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 洗練された対比: -는 반면에 (〜である一方で)

論理的に意味が通る文を選んでください。

自然な韓国語の文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아무리 부자인들 돈으로 행복을 살 수는 없다.
2番目の文「たとえ金持ちでも、お金で幸せは買えない」が、-ㄴ들 の懐疑的・否定的なニュアンスを正しく使っています。1と3は肯定的な結果なので不自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 上級仮定：-ㄴ/은들（〜したところで無駄）

空欄に当てはまる正しい形を選んでください。

이 식당은 맛이 ___ 한편 가격이 비싸요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 있는
「있다/없다」で終わる言葉は動詞と同じ扱いなので、現在形では「-는」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 洗練された同時性：〜する一方で (-는 한편)

살다 (生きる) の活用を修正してください。

100년을 살은들 무슨 의미가 있겠어?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 100년을 산들
動詞 살다 は ㄹパッチムで終わります。-ㄴ/은들 を付ける際、ㄹが脱落して ㄴ が付くので、살은들 ではなく 산들 が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 上級仮定：-ㄴ/은들（〜したところで無駄）

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

그는 노래를 부르는 한편 춤을 추고 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 노래를 부르면서 춤을 추고 있어요.
一人が同時に行う具体的な身体動作には、「-는 한편」よりも「-면서」の方がずっと自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 一方で、同時に (-(으)ㄴ/는 한편)

この文章の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

학생을지언정 공부는 싫어요. (学生だとしても、勉強は嫌いです。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 학생일지언정 공부는 싫어요.
名詞の場合は指定詞 '이다' を使います。したがって、학생 + 이다 + ㄹ지언정 = 학생일지언정 となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 格調高い譲歩: -(으)ㄹ지언정 (たとえ～だとしても)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

漢字の「反面」から来ています。文字通り「反対の面（側）」という意味ですよ。 «반면(反面)은 반대의 면을 의미해요.»
ニュートラルからフォーマルな響きです。日常の軽い会話よりは、少し丁寧に説明したい時や書き言葉でよく使われます。 «격식 있는 자리에서 쓰기 좋아요.»
どちらも対照を表しますが、「-는 한편」の方がずっとフォーマルです。また「-지만」は単純な逆接ですが、「-는 한편」は二つの事実が同時に存在している「バランス」を強調します。 «비싸지만 좋아요» よりも «비싼 한편 좋아요» の方が知的に聞こえます。
使えますが、少し硬い印象を与えます。友達に真面目な意見を伝えたい時や、長文で説明する時に使うと「お、韓国語上手だな」と思われますよ。
「편（便/片）」は「側」や「方向」を意味します。つまり「-는 한편」で「〜する一つの側（一方で）」という直訳になります。
100%必須ではありませんが、これを使うのが最も自然です。二面性の「〜でもある」という部分を強調してくれます。「그는 가수인 한편 배우이기도 하다」のように使います。
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