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과식하다

A2 verb #7,000 よく出る 9分で読める

과식하다

gwasikada 上位7,000

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解説 과식하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '과식하다' as simply 'eating too much.' Even though it is a slightly more advanced word than '많이 먹다' (eat a lot), it is very useful because you will hear it often when people talk about being full or having a stomach ache. Imagine you go to a birthday party and eat three pieces of cake. You might feel a bit sick. In Korean, you can say '과식했어요' (I overate). At this level, don't worry too much about the Hanja (Chinese characters) behind the word. Just remember that 'gwa' means 'too much' and 'sik' is about 'food.' It is a 'hada' verb, so it follows the same rules as 'gongbu-hada' (to study) or 'undong-hada' (to exercise). You can use it to explain why you are not hungry for dinner or why you need to rest after a big meal. It's a great word to add to your basic 'daily life' vocabulary.

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At the A2 level, you should start to understand the difference between '많이 먹다' and '과식하다.' While '많이 먹다' is just a statement of fact, '과식하다' often implies that you have gone past your limit. You will use this word to describe your physical state after a meal. For example, '어제 너무 과식해서 배가 아파요' (My stomach hurts because I overate too much yesterday). You can also use it to talk about habits. A2 learners should be able to conjugate it into the past tense (과식했어요), the negative (과식하지 마세요 - don't overeat), and the causal form (-어서/아서). You will also notice this word in health contexts, like when a doctor tells you how to stay healthy. It's a very practical word for describing common situations like holiday meals or restaurant visits where the portions are very large.

By B1, you can use '과식하다' to discuss broader topics like health, lifestyle, and social habits. You should be able to use it in more complex sentence structures, such as '과식하는 습관은 건강에 해롭습니다' (The habit of overeating is harmful to health). You will also encounter the noun form '과식' (overeating) used with other verbs like '피하다' (to avoid) or '줄이다' (to reduce). At this level, you can start comparing '과식' with similar terms like '과음' (over-drinking). You'll understand that '과식하다' is often a social outcome in Korea, where communal dining (hoesik) might lead someone to eat more than they intended. You can use the word to express regret or to give advice to others using the '-지 않는 것이 좋다' (It's better not to...) pattern. You'll also recognize it in media headlines about holiday health or diet tips.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the nuance between '과식하다' and '폭식하다' (binge eating). You understand that '과식' is a general excess, whereas '폭식' implies a more intense, often emotionally driven loss of control. You can use '과식하다' in hypothetical situations or to discuss cause-and-effect in a more sophisticated way, such as '과식을 하면 소화 기관에 부담을 줄 수 있습니다' (If you overeat, it can put a burden on your digestive organs). You will also be able to recognize the word in more formal or academic contexts, such as articles about the rise of obesity or the psychological reasons behind overconsumption. Your use of the word should feel natural in both casual conversations and more structured debates about health and wellness in modern society.

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For C1 learners, '과식하다' is a tool for nuanced discussion about societal trends and psychological behaviors. You can discuss how the 'Mukbang' culture might encourage '과식' among viewers or how modern stress leads to '습관적 과식' (habitual overeating). You should be comfortable using the word in its various grammatical forms, including nominalized versions and as part of complex idiomatic expressions. You can analyze the etymology of the 'Gwa-' prefix and relate it to other high-level vocabulary like '과유불급' (too much is as bad as too little). You will also understand the subtle social dynamics where '과식' might be a sign of respect to a host or a consequence of hierarchical social pressure in a corporate setting. Your ability to use the word accurately in formal writing, like an essay on public health, is expected at this level.

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At the C2 level, you use '과식하다' with the precision of a native speaker. You understand the historical and cultural evolution of the word, from times of food scarcity where '과식' was a rare luxury to the modern era where it is a health concern. You can use it in literary or highly formal contexts, perhaps discussing the philosophical implications of overindulgence. You are aware of the medical terminology surrounding '과식,' such as its link to 'metabolic syndrome' (대사 증후군). You can differentiate between '과식' as a one-time event and '식탐' as a character trait, and you can use these terms to provide a deep psychological profile of a character or a person. Your understanding of the word is not just linguistic but cultural, recognizing the deep-seated Korean values of hospitality and abundance that often lead to the act of '과식' in social settings.

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과식하다 30秒で

과식하다 is a Korean verb meaning 'to overeat.' It comes from the Hanja roots for 'excess' and 'eating.'
It is commonly used to describe feeling uncomfortably full after a large meal or a buffet.
The word is often found in health advice, pharmacy visits, and social dining contexts like company dinners.
It is distinct from 'binge eating' (폭식하다), which is more extreme and often psychological.

The Korean verb 과식하다 (gwasikhada) is a common term used to describe the act of eating beyond the point of satiety, essentially meaning 'to overeat.' Derived from the Hanja (Chinese characters) roots, the word provides a clear picture of its meaning: Gwa (過) signifies excess, overdoing, or passing a limit, while sik (食) refers to food or the act of eating. When combined with the functional verb hada (to do), it creates a formal yet widely used verb for consuming too much food. In Korean society, where communal dining and hospitality are central, the act of overeating is often discussed in both health-related and social contexts.

Etymological Root: The prefix 'Gwa-' (過) is found in many Korean words denoting excess, such as 'gwachung' (overweight) or 'gwahan' (excessive). Understanding this root allows learners to predict the meaning of many other advanced Korean vocabulary words related to exceeding boundaries.

You will encounter this word most frequently when discussing physical discomfort after a large meal, such as during a holiday like Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving) or after a company dinner known as 'Hoesik.' Unlike the English term 'binging,' which can sometimes carry a clinical or heavy psychological weight, 과식하다 is the standard, everyday way to say 'I ate too much.' It covers everything from accidentally eating one too many slices of pizza to the intentional indulgence at an all-you-can-eat buffet.

어제 뷔페에서 너무 과식해서 아직도 배가 불러요. (I overate so much at the buffet yesterday that my stomach is still full.)

In a cultural sense, Korean hosts often take pride in providing an abundance of food. This can lead to guests feeling a social obligation to 과식하다 to show appreciation for the meal. However, in modern health-conscious Korea, the word is frequently used in medical advice and self-improvement contexts. Doctors often warn patients, "과식하지 마세요" (Don't overeat), emphasizing its role as a primary cause of 'sohwabullyang' (indigestion).

Synonym Comparison: While '많이 먹다' (to eat a lot) is neutral, '과식하다' is more objective and often implies a negative physical consequence or the crossing of a healthy limit.

Furthermore, the word is used in educational and self-help materials regarding 'Soshik' (eating small portions), which is the direct antonym. By contrasting 과식 with 소식, learners can understand the spectrum of Korean dietary habits. The word is versatile enough to be used in newspapers, casual conversations with friends, and formal medical reports alike.

명절에는 맛있는 음식이 많아서 과식하기 쉽습니다. (On holidays, there is so much delicious food that it is easy to overeat.)

Using 과식하다 correctly involves understanding its conjugation as a 'hada' verb and how it interacts with various grammatical particles. Because it is an intransitive verb in most contexts (though it describes an action), it rarely takes a direct object unless you are specifying what you overate, though even then, it's more common to use '을/를 많이 먹다'. Typically, 과식하다 stands alone to describe the state or action of the person eating.

Grammatical Structure: Subject (이/가) + (Reason/Context) + 과식하다. For example: '저는 (I) 어제 (yesterday) 과식했어요 (overate).'

One of the most common ways to use this word is with the '-아/어/여서' ending, which provides a reason for a subsequent state (usually feeling sick). For instance, "과식해서 배가 아파요" (My stomach hurts because I overate). This causal link is essential for describing the consequences of one's actions. Another common pattern is using the '-기 쉽다' (easy to...) ending, as in "스트레스를 받으면 과식하기 쉬워요" (It's easy to overeat when stressed).

밤늦게 야식을 먹으면 과식하게 될 가능성이 높습니다. (If you eat late-night snacks, there is a high possibility you will end up overeating.)

In formal settings, such as a health consultation, you might use the noun form '과식' with the verb '피하다' (to avoid). For example, "과식을 피하는 것이 건강에 좋습니다" (Avoiding overeating is good for your health). This shifts the focus from the action to the concept of overeating as a habit. Conversely, in very casual speech, you might hear people say "과식했어" (I overate) to friends as a way of explaining why they can't move or why they want to skip dessert.

Common Conjugations: Past: 과식했다 (Overate); Present: 과식한다 (Overeat); Future: 과식할 것이다 (Will overeat); Negative: 과식하지 않다 (Do not overeat).

When discussing habits, the word often pairs with adverbs like '자주' (frequently), '가끔' (sometimes), or '습관적으로' (habitually). For example, "습관적으로 과식하는 것은 위장에 좋지 않습니다" (Habitually overeating is not good for the stomach). This level of detail helps learners move beyond simple sentences to more complex, descriptive Korean.

점심에 과식했더니 졸음이 쏟아지네요. (I overate at lunch, so now I'm feeling incredibly sleepy.)

You are likely to hear 과식하다 in various real-life scenarios in Korea. One of the most common places is at the pharmacy (yak-guk). Many Koreans experience 'sohwa-bullyang' (indigestion) after a big meal and will tell the pharmacist, "어제 과식을 해서 소화제가 필요해요" (I overate yesterday, so I need some digestive medicine). Pharmacists and doctors use this word constantly when giving advice on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The Pharmacy Context: In Korea, digestive aids are among the top-selling over-the-counter medicines, making '과식' a keyword in pharmaceutical marketing and patient consultations.

Another prominent setting is during 'Hoesik' (company dinners). In these social gatherings, there is often an overwhelming amount of food and drink. Colleagues might jokingly warn each other not to 과식하다, or conversely, a boss might encourage everyone to eat more, leading to inevitable overeating. You might hear someone say, "오늘 회식이라서 또 과식하겠네요" (It's a company dinner today, so I'll probably overeat again).

"부장님, 너무 많이 시키신 것 같아요. 우리 모두 과식하게 생겼어요!" (Manager, I think you ordered too much. It looks like we're all going to overeat!)

On television, specifically in health documentaries and variety shows, 과식하다 is a staple vocabulary word. Health experts will explain the dangers of 'gwashik' on the heart or digestive system. In 'Mukbang' (eating broadcasts), while the hosts are literally overeating, they might use the word to describe their limit or how they feel after the broadcast. It's a word that bridges the gap between clinical health talk and casual everyday life.

Media Usage: News reports on holiday health often feature headlines like '명절 과식 주의보' (Holiday Overeating Warning), providing tips on how to avoid the temptation of festive food.

Lastly, in the fitness and 'diet' (weight loss) community in Korea, 과식하다 is the 'enemy.' Personal trainers will ask their clients, "주말에 과식하셨나요?" (Did you overeat over the weekend?). The word is central to the conversation about discipline and physical health in modern Korean urban life.

다이어트 중인데 친구 생일 파티에서 그만 과식하고 말았어요. (I'm on a diet, but I ended up overeating at my friend's birthday party.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 과식하다 is confusing it with '많이 먹다' (to eat a lot). While they are related, '많이 먹다' is a neutral description of quantity, whereas 과식하다 implies an excessive, often unhealthy amount. If you want to compliment a host by saying you ate a lot of their delicious food, using 과식하다 might accidentally sound like you are complaining about a stomach ache or a lack of self-control. Instead, use '정말 잘 먹었습니다' (I ate really well).

Mistake #1: Contextual Misuse: Don't use '과식하다' to mean 'I enjoyed a big meal.' Use it to mean 'I ate so much that it's a problem.'

Another common error is the confusion between 과식하다 and '폭식하다' (to binge eat). '폭식' (暴食) uses the Hanja for 'violence' or 'sudden,' implying a much more aggressive, out-of-control, and often psychological act of eating a massive amount in a short time. 과식하다 is much milder. If you just had an extra bowl of rice, you '과식'ed. If you ate three whole chickens in one sitting due to stress, you '폭식'ed. Using '폭식' for a slightly large lunch sounds overly dramatic.

Incorrect: "스트레스로 인해 어제 과식했어요." (While possible, '폭식했어요' is more accurate for stress-induced binging.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the particle usage. Since 과식하다 is an intransitive verb structure (noun+hada), you should not put an object particle '을/를' directly before it. You cannot say "피자를 과식하다." Instead, you should say "피자를 많이 먹어서 과식했다" (I overate because I ate a lot of pizza) or simply "과식했다."

Mistake #2: Particle Confusion: Avoid: [Food] + 을/를 + 과식하다. Correct: [Food] + 을/를 많이 먹다 OR just '과식하다'.

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation of the 'k' sound in 'sik' followed by 'h' in 'hada.' In natural speech, the 'k' (ㄱ) and 'h' (ㅎ) combine to sound like a sharp 'kh' (ㅋ). So, it sounds like 'gwa-si-ka-da.' Pronouncing them separately as 'gwa-sik-ha-da' sounds robotic and non-native.

Pronunciation tip: Think of the word as [과시카다] to get the aspiration right.

To truly master Korean, it's important to know the nuances between 과식하다 and its synonyms. As mentioned, '많이 먹다' is the most basic alternative. It's safer to use when you don't want to imply that eating a lot was a mistake or a health hazard. For example, if you tell your grandmother "많이 먹었어요," she will be happy. If you tell her "과식했어요," she might worry about your digestion.

Comparison: 과식 vs. 폭식: 과식 (Overeating): General excess, common at buffets or holidays.
폭식 (Binge eating): Violent excess, often sudden and driven by emotion or extreme hunger.

Another related term is '과음하다' (gwa-eum-hada). Following the same pattern, 'gwa' (excess) + 'eum' (drink) + 'hada' (to do) means 'to over-drink' or 'to drink too much alcohol.' These two often go hand-in-hand during Korean social events. If you overeat and over-drink, you are '과식하고 과음했다.' Knowing one helps you instantly learn the other due to the shared 'gwa-' prefix.

어젯밤 회식에서 과식뿐만 아니라 과음까지 해서 오늘 너무 힘들어요. (I didn't just overeat at the company dinner last night, I over-drank too, so I'm having a hard time today.)

On the opposite end of the spectrum is '소식하다' (soshikhada). 'So' (小) means small, so this means 'to eat a small amount' or 'to be a light eater.' In Korea, '소식' is often discussed as a secret to longevity. You might hear someone say, "저는 건강을 위해 소식하려고 노력해요" (I try to eat small portions for my health). This is the perfect antonym to keep in your vocabulary bank.

Summary of Alternatives

배가 터지다: (Idiom) To eat so much your stomach might burst.
포식하다: (Formal) To eat a hearty, satisfying meal (often used for animals but also humans).
거하게 먹다: (Colloquial) To have a grand, sumptuous feast.

Lastly, consider the word '식탐' (siktam), which means 'greed for food.' While 과식하다 is the action, '식탐이 있다' describes the personality trait that leads to that action. Using these words together can help you describe behaviors more accurately in Korean conversation.

그는 식탐이 많아서 항상 과식하는 습관이 있어요. (He has a lot of food greed, so he has a habit of always overeating.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character 'Gwa' (過) is the same one used in 'Gwa-sil' (mistake), implying that overeating is a kind of error or lapse in judgment.

発音ガイド

UK ɡwa.ɕik.ɦa.da

US ɡwa.ʃik.hɑ.dɑ

The primary stress is often on the first syllable 'Gwa', with a secondary focus on the 'ka' sound created by the liaison.

韻が合う語

공부하다 (gongbuhada) 운동하다 (undonghada) 산책하다 (sanchaekhada) 도착하다 (dochakhada) 시작하다 (sijakhada) 생각하다 (saenggakhada) 복습하다 (bokseuphada) 말하다 (malhada)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'sik' and 'ha' separately without the liaison.
Pronouncing 'gwa' as two syllables 'gu-wa'.
Failing to aspirate the 'k' sound in the liaison [ka].
Using a hard 'G' sound like in 'Go' for the first syllable (it should be softer).
Confusing the 'sh' sound in 'sik' with a standard English 's'.

難易度

読解 2/5

The Hanja roots are easy to recognize once learned, and the word appears frequently in health-related texts.

ライティング 3/5

Conjugating 'hada' verbs is basic, but using it naturally without an object particle can be tricky.

スピーキング 2/5

The liaison [si-ka] is important for sounding natural.

リスニング 2/5

Commonly heard in pharmacies, restaurants, and on TV.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

먹다 (To eat) 많이 (A lot) 배부르다 (To be full) 하다 (To do) 음식 (Food)

次に学ぶ

소화 (Digestion) 폭식 (Binge eating) 과음 (Over-drinking) 소식 (Eating light) 습관 (Habit)

上級

식탐 (Greed for food) 포만감 (Satiety) 거식증 (Anorexia) 대사증후군 (Metabolic syndrome) 식이요법 (Dietary therapy)

知っておくべき文法

-아/어/여서 (Reason/Cause)

과식해서 배가 아파요.

-지 마세요 (Prohibition)

건강을 위해 과식하지 마세요.

-기 쉽다 (Ease of Action)

혼자 먹으면 과식하기 쉬워요.

-는 편이다 (Tendency)

저는 가끔 과식하는 편이에요.

-았/었더니 (Result of Action)

과식했더니 속이 더부룩해요.

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レベル別の例文

저는 어제 과식했어요.

I overate yesterday.

Past tense of 과식하다 (과식 + 했어요).

피자를 너무 많이 먹어서 과식했어요.

I ate too much pizza, so I overate.

-어서 (reason) used with 과식했어요.

과식하지 마세요.

Please don't overeat.

-지 마세요 (prohibition/advice).

배가 아파요. 과식했나 봐요.

My stomach hurts. I guess I overate.

-나 봐요 (guessing/inference).

뷔페에서 과식하기 쉬워요.

It is easy to overeat at a buffet.

-기 쉽다 (to be easy to...).

오늘 점심에 과식했어요.

I overate at lunch today.

Time particle '에' used with lunch.

과식하면 기분이 안 좋아요.

If I overeat, I don't feel good.

-면 (if/when) conditional.

너무 맛있어서 과식하게 됐어요.

It was so delicious that I ended up overeating.

-게 되다 (to end up doing/become).

과식해서 소화제를 먹어야겠어요.

I overate, so I should take some digestive medicine.

-아/어/여야겠다 (intention/necessity).

밤늦게 먹으면 과식하기 마련이에요.

If you eat late at night, you're bound to overeat.

-기 마련이다 (to be bound to/natural to).

과식은 건강에 나쁜 습관이에요.

Overeating is a bad habit for health.

Noun form '과식' used as a subject.

어제 생일 파티에서 과식하고 말았어요.

I ended up overeating at the birthday party yesterday.

-고 말다 (to end up doing - usually regretful).

과식한 후에 산책을 하면 좋아요.

It's good to take a walk after overeating.

-ㄴ 후에 (after doing something).

자주 과식하는 편인가요?

Do you tend to overeat often?

-는 편이다 (to tend to/be on the side of).

과식하지 않으려고 노력하고 있어요.

I am trying not to overeat.

-으려고 노력하다 (to try/endeavor to).

과식했을 때 마시는 차가 있어요.

There is a tea I drink when I've overeaten.

-을/를 때 (when/at the time of).

스트레스를 받으면 습관적으로 과식하게 돼요.

When I get stressed, I habitually end up overeating.

Adverbial form '습관적으로' (habitually).

명절에는 맛있는 음식이 많아서 과식을 피하기 힘들어요.

On holidays, there's so much delicious food that it's hard to avoid overeating.

Noun '과식' + object particle '을' + '피하다' (avoid).

과식은 소화 불량의 가장 큰 원인 중 하나입니다.

Overeating is one of the biggest causes of indigestion.

~ 중 하나 (one of...).

점심때 과식했더니 오후 내내 졸음이 오네요.

I overate at lunch, so I've been sleepy all afternoon.

-았/었더니 (discovery of a result after an action).

과식하지 않기 위해서는 천천히 씹어 먹어야 해요.

To avoid overeating, you must chew slowly.

-기 위해서 (in order to).

어제 회식에서 과식한 탓에 오늘 아침까지 속이 안 좋아요.

Because I overate at the company dinner, my stomach feels bad until this morning.

-ㄴ 탓에 (because of - negative reason).

과식하는 것보다 소식하는 것이 장수의 비결이래요.

They say eating small portions is the secret to longevity rather than overeating.

~보다 ~가 더 (comparison).

과식할 것 같으면 미리 숟가락을 내려놓으세요.

If you think you're going to overeat, put your spoon down in advance.

-ㄹ 것 같다 (it looks like/I think that).

현대인들은 불규칙한 식습관 때문에 과식에 노출되기 쉽습니다.

Modern people are easily exposed to overeating due to irregular eating habits.

Passive form '노출되다' (to be exposed).

과식은 단순히 배가 부른 것을 넘어 건강을 위협할 수 있습니다.

Overeating can go beyond just being full and threaten your health.

~을 넘어 (beyond/going past).

심리적인 불안감이 과식으로 이어지는 경우가 많습니다.

There are many cases where psychological anxiety leads to overeating.

~로 이어지다 (to lead to).

과식한 다음 날에는 가벼운 식사를 하는 것이 바람직합니다.

It is desirable to have a light meal the day after overeating.

-는 것이 바람직하다 (it is desirable/advisable to).

어린 시절의 식습관이 성인이 된 후의 과식 습관을 결정합니다.

Eating habits in childhood determine overeating habits after becoming an adult.

Determiner '-ㄴ 후의' (after becoming).

과식을 예방하기 위해 식사 전 물을 한 잔 마시는 것이 도움이 됩니다.

Drinking a glass of water before a meal helps to prevent overeating.

-기 위해 (in order to).

뷔페의 다양한 음식 종류는 우리로 하여금 과식하게 만듭니다.

The variety of food at a buffet makes us overeat.

~로 하여금 ~하게 만들다 (to make/cause someone to do).

과식은 뇌의 만복 중추가 자극되기 전에 너무 많은 음식을 섭취할 때 발생합니다.

Overeating occurs when too much food is consumed before the brain's satiety center is stimulated.

-기 전에 (before doing).

지나친 과식은 만성 소화 불량뿐만 아니라 대사 증후군을 초래할 수 있습니다.

Excessive overeating can cause not only chronic indigestion but also metabolic syndrome.

~뿐만 아니라 (not only... but also).

사회가 풍요로워지면서 과식은 개인의 의지 문제를 넘어 사회적 현상이 되었습니다.

As society has become more affluent, overeating has become a social phenomenon beyond a matter of individual will.

-아/어지면서 (as something becomes/changes).

먹방 콘텐츠의 유행이 청소년들의 과식을 조장한다는 비판이 제기되고 있습니다.

Criticism is being raised that the trend of Mukbang content encourages overeating among teenagers.

Noun '비판' + '제기되다' (criticism is raised).

과식의 이면에는 정서적 허기를 음식으로 채우려는 심리적 기제가 작용하곤 합니다.

Behind overeating, a psychological mechanism to fill emotional hunger with food often operates.

-곤 하다 (to do something habitually/frequently).

건강 전문가들은 과식을 방지하기 위해 '마음챙김 식사'의 중요성을 강조합니다.

Health experts emphasize the importance of 'mindful eating' to prevent overeating.

Noun '방지' + '강조하다' (emphasize prevention).

과식으로 인한 비만은 전 세계적으로 해결해야 할 시급한 공중보건 과제입니다.

Obesity caused by overeating is an urgent public health task to be solved worldwide.

-로 인한 (caused by/due to).

인간의 진화 과정에서 과식은 기근에 대비한 생존 전략이었으나, 오늘날에는 질병의 근원이 되었습니다.

In the process of human evolution, overeating was a survival strategy against famine, but today it has become the root of disease.

~이었으나 (was..., but...).

과식 습관을 고치기 위해서는 식사 환경의 전반적인 재점검이 필요합니다.

To fix overeating habits, a general re-examination of the dining environment is necessary.

Noun '재점검' (re-examination).

현대 문명의 풍요 속에서 과식은 일종의 실존적 공허함을 메우려는 몸부림으로 해석되기도 합니다.

In the abundance of modern civilization, overeating is sometimes interpreted as a struggle to fill a kind of existential emptiness.

-기도 하다 (is also interpreted as...).

과유불급이라는 말처럼, 식사에서도 과식은 결핍만큼이나 신체적 조화를 해칩니다.

As the saying goes 'too much is as bad as too little,' overeating in meals harms physical harmony as much as deficiency does.

~만큼이나 (as much as).

탐식과 과식은 역사적으로 도덕적 타락의 징후로 여겨졌으나, 현대 의학은 이를 호르몬 불균형의 관점에서 접근합니다.

Gluttony and overeating were historically seen as signs of moral decay, but modern medicine approaches them from the perspective of hormonal imbalance.

~로 여겨지다 (to be considered/viewed as).

신체의 만복 신호를 무시한 채 지속되는 과식은 결국 뇌의 보상 체계를 교란시킵니다.

Overeating that continues while ignoring the body's satiety signals eventually disrupts the brain's reward system.

-ㄴ 채 (while in the state of).

과식의 굴레에서 벗어나기 위해서는 음식과의 관계를 근본적으로 재정립해야 합니다.

To break free from the shackles of overeating, one must fundamentally redefine their relationship with food.

Noun '굴레' (shackles/yoke).

우리는 미디어의 화려한 미식 담론이 과식을 미화하고 있지는 않은지 성찰해 보아야 합니다.

We must reflect on whether the glamorous gourmet discourse of the media is beautifying overeating.

-ㄴ지 성찰하다 (reflect on whether...).

절제 없는 과식은 개인의 건강권을 침해할 뿐만 아니라 사회적 의료 비용의 급증을 초래합니다.

Unrestrained overeating not only violates an individual's right to health but also causes a surge in social medical costs.

Noun '침해' (violation/infringement).

과식이라는 행위 속에 내포된 인간의 원초적 욕망과 현대적 결핍을 고찰하는 것은 흥미로운 인류학적 과제입니다.

Examining the primitive human desires and modern deficiencies inherent in the act of overeating is an interesting anthropological task.

-는 것은 ~ 과제이다 (Doing X is a task/challenge).

よく使う組み合わせ

과식을 피하다

습관적 과식

과식으로 인한

과식하기 쉽다

과식하지 않다

어쩌다 과식하다

명절 과식

과식을 삼가다

과식 후유증

과식을 방지하다

よく使うフレーズ

과식해서 배가 아파요.

— My stomach hurts because I overate. A very common excuse for feeling unwell.

선생님, 저 과식해서 배가 아파서 보건실에 가야겠어요.

과식하지 마세요.

— Don't overeat. Common advice from doctors or parents.

맛있어도 너무 과식하지 마세요.

또 과식했네.

— I overate again. Used when expressing self-regret after a meal.

아, 너무 맛있어서 또 과식했네.

과식은 금물입니다.

— Overeating is forbidden/a no-no. A strong way to advise against it.

다이어트 중에는 과식은 금물입니다.

과식한 것 같아요.

— I think I overate. A polite way to say you are too full.

죄송하지만 더 못 먹겠어요. 과식한 것 같아요.

과식하기 딱 좋네요.

— It's a perfect situation to overeat. Often said when looking at a delicious spread.

우와, 음식이 정말 많아서 과식하기 딱 좋네요.

과식 주의보

— Overeating warning. Often used in news headlines during holidays.

추석 연휴, '과식 주의보' 발령!

과식해서 졸려요.

— I'm sleepy because I overate. Refers to the 'food coma' state.

점심에 과식해서 그런지 너무 졸려요.

과식을 줄이다

— To reduce overeating. Used in health goals.

올해 목표는 과식을 줄이는 것입니다.

과식은 만병의 근원

— Overeating is the root of all diseases. A common health proverb.

할아버지는 항상 과식은 만병의 근원이라고 말씀하셨어요.

よく混同される語

과식하다 vs 많이 먹다

Neutral 'eat a lot' vs. negative/excessive 'overeat'.

과식하다 vs 폭식하다

General overeating vs. extreme/sudden binge eating.

과식하다 vs 과음하다

Overeating food vs. over-drinking alcohol.

慣用句と表現

"배가 터지다"

— To have one's stomach burst (from eating too much).

배가 터지게 먹었어.

Informal

"목구멍까지 차다"

— To be full up to the throat.

음식이 목구멍까지 찼어요.

Informal

"허리띠를 풀다"

— To loosen one's belt (to eat more or because one is full).

허리띠를 풀고 본격적으로 과식했어요.

Neutral

"과유불급 (過猶不及)"

— Too much is as bad as too little. Often applied to overeating.

음식도 과유불급이라 과식하면 안 돼요.

Formal/Proverb

"식곤증이 오다"

— To get post-meal drowsiness (often caused by overeating).

과식했더니 식곤증이 오네요.

Neutral

"배가 남산만 하다"

— One's stomach is as big as Namsan Mountain (very full).

과식해서 배가 남산만 해졌어요.

Informal

"식탐을 부리다"

— To act on one's greed for food, leading to overeating.

식탐을 부리다가 결국 과식했어.

Neutral

"속이 더부룩하다"

— To feel bloated or have an upset stomach (result of overeating).

과식해서 속이 더부룩해요.

Neutral

"숟가락을 놓지 못하다"

— To be unable to put down the spoon (keep eating despite being full).

너무 맛있어서 숟가락을 놓지 못하고 과식했어요.

Neutral

"눈이 입보다 크다"

— One's eyes are bigger than one's stomach (ordering/taking more than one can eat).

눈이 입보다 커서 과식하게 됐네.

Informal

間違えやすい

과식하다 vs 폭식하다

Both involve eating too much.

과식 is general excess; 폭식 is violent/sudden binging, often psychological.

명절에는 과식하기 쉽지만, 스트레스로 폭식하는 것은 위험해요.

과식하다 vs 포식하다

Sounds similar.

포식 means to eat a satisfyingly large meal (positive), 과식 is excessive (negative).

오늘 고기로 포식했네요! (Good) vs. 오늘 너무 과식했어요. (Bad/Full)

과식하다 vs 식탐

Related to eating a lot.

식탐 is the 'greed' or 'desire' for food; 과식 is the 'action' of eating too much.

식탐이 많으면 과식하게 됩니다.

과식하다 vs 과음하다

Same 'Gwa-' prefix.

과식 is for food; 과음 is for alcohol.

과식과 과음은 건강의 적입니다.

과식하다 vs 소식하다

Opposite meaning, same '-sik' root.

과식 is too much; 소식 is a small/light amount.

과식하지 말고 소식하세요.

文型パターン

저는 [Food]을/를 많이 먹어서 과식했어요.

저는 치킨을 많이 먹어서 과식했어요.

과식해서 [Physical Result].

과식해서 배가 아파요.

[Situation]에는 과식하기 쉬워요.

뷔페에서는 과식하기 쉬워요.

과식하지 않으려고 [Action].

과식하지 않으려고 천천히 먹어요.

과식하는 것보다 [Alternative]이/가 좋아요.

과식하는 것보다 소식하는 것이 좋아요.

과식은 [Noun]의 원인이 됩니다.

과식은 비만의 원인이 됩니다.

[Factor]이/가 과식을 조장하다.

스트레스가 과식을 조장합니다.

과식의 굴레에서 벗어나다.

그는 드디어 과식의 굴레에서 벗어났다.

語族

名詞

과식 (Overeating)

식사 (Meal)

음식 (Food)

소식 (Small eating habit)

폭식 (Binge eating)

動詞

먹다 (To eat)

식사하다 (To have a meal)

소식하다 (To eat small portions)

폭식하다 (To binge eat)

절식하다 (To moderate eating)

形容詞

과식한 (Overeaten - as a modifier)

배부른 (Full)

더부룩한 (Bloated)

使い方

frequency

Common in daily conversation and very common in health/medical contexts.

よくある間違い

Using '과식하다' to mean 'I enjoyed a big meal'. → 많이 먹었어요 / 잘 먹었습니다.
'과식하다' has a negative connotation of eating too much. Using it to thank a host might sound like you are complaining.
Saying '피자를 과식했어요'. → 피자를 너무 많이 먹었어요.
'과식하다' is an intransitive verb and doesn't usually take a direct object like a specific food item.
Confusing '과식' with '폭식'. → Use '과식' for general overeating and '폭식' for binge eating.
'폭식' is a much stronger, often psychological term. Using it for a slightly large lunch is too dramatic.
Pronouncing it 'gwa-sik-ha-da'. → [gwa-si-ka-da].
The liaison between 'sik' and 'ha' is essential for natural Korean speech.
Using '과식' for drinking alcohol. → 과음하다.
'과식' is only for food. '과음' is specifically for drinking too much alcohol.

ヒント

Don't use object particles

Avoid saying '피자를 과식했다'. The verb '과식하다' already contains the 'food' part. Just say '피자를 많이 먹어서 과식했다'.

Master the Liaison

Remember to pronounce it as [gwa-si-ka-da]. The 'k' from 'sik' moves to the 'h' in 'hada'.

The Buffet Trap

In Korea, buffets are very popular for celebrations. This is the #1 place where people '과식' and then talk about it.

Pharmacy Keyword

If you are in Korea and your stomach hurts after a big meal, tell the pharmacist '과식해서 속이 안 좋아요'.

Learn the 'Gwa' Prefix

Knowing that 'Gwa' means excess will help you learn words like 과음 (over-drinking), 과로 (over-working), and 과속 (speeding).

Pair with Antonyms

Learn '과식' and '소식' together. They are the two ends of the eating spectrum.

Polite Refusal

You can use '과식한 것 같아서 더 못 먹겠어요' as a polite way to stop eating when a host offers more food.

Use in Journals

It's a great word for daily journals to describe your eating habits or how you felt after a party.

TV Context

Watch for this word on Korean health variety shows. It's often accompanied by a graphic of an overstuffed stomach.

Sick from Snack

Remember: Gwa (Great amount) + Sik (Snack) = Sick. If you eat a great amount of snacks, you feel sick!

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Gwa' as 'Gwan-tity' (quantity) gone 'Gwa-zy' (crazy). 'Sik' sounds like 'Sick.' So, 'Gwa-sik' is when the quantity of food makes you feel sick.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person sitting in front of 10 empty ramen bowls, holding their stomach with a worried expression.

Word Web

과식 소화불량 배탈 뷔페 회식 소식 다이어트 건강

チャレンジ

Try to use '과식하다' in a sentence today when you feel full, even if it's just to yourself. For example: '아, 과식했어!'

語源

Derived from Sino-Korean Hanja characters: 過 (과 - gwa) meaning 'excess' or 'to pass' and 食 (식 - sik) meaning 'food' or 'to eat'.

元の意味： To exceed the proper amount of food intake.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

文化的な背景

While generally safe to use, avoid telling someone they are '과식하고 있다' (overeating) as it can be seen as critical of their weight or self-control.

In English, 'overeating' is often a neutral or slightly negative term. In Korean, '과식' is very frequently linked to the immediate physical need for 'Sohwaje' (digestive medicine).

Korean health shows like 'Vitamin' often feature segments on avoiding 과식. The 'Mukbang' phenomenon is a modern global reference where 과식 is the central theme. Proverbs like '과식은 만병의 근원' (Overeating is the root of all illness).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a Restaurant

과식할 것 같아요.
너무 맛있어서 과식했네요.
과식하지 않게 조심하세요.
과식하면 안 되는데...

At the Pharmacy

과식해서 속이 안 좋아요.
과식했을 때 먹는 약 있나요?
어제 과식을 좀 했어요.
과식 때문에 소화가 안 돼요.

Health Discussion

과식은 건강에 해롭습니다.
과식을 피하는 방법.
습관적인 과식.
과식과 비만의 관계.

Holiday Gatherings

명절이라 과식하게 되네요.
과식 주의하세요.
맛있는 게 많아서 과식했어.
과식은 이제 그만!

Dieting/Fitness

주말에 과식하지 마세요.
과식한 다음 날 운동하기.
과식 습관 고치기.
오늘 과식해서 속상해요.

会話のきっかけ

"어제 저녁에 과식해서 아직도 배가 불러요. 어제 뭐 드셨어요?"

"명절 때 과식하지 않는 특별한 방법이 있으신가요?"

"뷔페에 가면 보통 과식하시는 편인가요?"

"스트레스 받을 때 과식하고 싶은 생각이 드시나요?"

"과식했을 때 마시면 좋은 차를 추천해 주실 수 있나요?"

日記のテーマ

오늘 과식을 했나요? 만약 했다면 어떤 음식을 먹었는지, 왜 과식했는지 적어보세요.

과식하는 습관을 고치기 위해 내가 할 수 있는 노력 세 가지를 써보세요.

한국의 '회식' 문화와 '과식'의 관계에 대해 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요.

과식했을 때의 기분과 소식했을 때의 기분을 비교해서 서술해 보세요.

주변 사람들에게 과식의 위험성을 경고하는 짧은 글을 작성해 보세요.

よくある質問

10 問

It can be if you are pointing out that they are eating too much. It's better to use it about yourself or as general health advice. For example, '과식하지 마세요' is fine as advice, but '너 과식하고 있어' (You are overeating) can be offensive.

'많이 먹다' is a simple description of quantity. '과식' implies that the quantity was excessive or beyond a healthy limit. You would say '많이 먹었어요' to a host to be polite, but '과식했어요' to a pharmacist to explain why your stomach hurts.

No, '과식' specifically refers to food (the 'sik' root means food). For drinking too much (usually alcohol), use '과음하다'. For water, you would just say '물을 너무 많이 마셨다'.

You can say '저는 과식하는 편이에요' or '저는 과식하는 습관이 있어요'. Both are natural ways to describe a tendency.

While not exactly slang, the idiom '배 터지게 먹다' (to eat until one's stomach bursts) is the most common informal alternative to '과식하다'.

Instead of saying '과식했어요' (which might sound like you're blaming their food), say '정말 맛있어서 배부르게 잘 먹었습니다' (I ate so well and I'm so full because it was delicious).

Yes, it is the standard medical term for overeating. You will see it in articles about obesity, diabetes, and digestive disorders.

Technically yes, but it sounds a bit personified. For animals, people often just say '너무 많이 먹었다' or use the term '포식' for predators eating their fill.

The ending '-고 말았다' is perfect. '어제 또 과식하고 말았어요' (I ended up overeating again) conveys a sense of regret.

Not necessarily, but it strongly implies that you ate more than you should have, which usually results in discomfort.

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