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A2 interjection 13分で読める

정말요?

jeongmallyo?

練習する例文メモとヒント 정말요? 30秒で

解説 정말요? in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to '정말요?' as a fixed expression that means 'Really?'. At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word in simple dialogues and using it as a basic response to show they are listening. Learners should understand that the '요' at the end makes it polite and that it is a safe word to use with almost anyone they meet. The primary goal is to use it with a rising intonation to ask a question. It is often one of the first 'reactive' words a student learns because it allows them to participate in a conversation even if they cannot yet form full sentences. Teachers often encourage A1 students to use it to overcome the fear of speaking, as it is a low-stakes way to interact with native speakers. It is also important to distinguish it from '정말' without the '요', which is only for friends.

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At the A2 level, students begin to understand the grammatical structure of '정말요?'. They learn that '정말' means 'truth' and '요' is the polite sentence closer. They start to use it not just as a standalone word, but as a lead-in to other simple sentences, such as '정말요? 좋아요!' (Really? That's good!). At this level, learners are expected to distinguish between '정말요?' (Really?) and '정말' used as an adverb (e.g., '정말 비싸요' - It's really expensive). They also begin to learn about its common synonym '진짜요?' and when one might be slightly more appropriate than the other. The A2 learner should be able to use '정말요?' in various everyday contexts like shopping, ordering food, or talking about hobbies, showing that they are actively following the conversation.

By the B1 level, learners should be comfortable using '정말요?' with different intonations to express a range of emotions, from mild interest to significant surprise. They understand the pragmatic role of 'backchanneling' in Korean culture and use '정말요?' more naturally within the flow of a longer conversation. B1 students also start to learn more formal and informal variations, such as '정말입니까?' for formal situations and '정말?' for casual ones. They are able to use it in more complex social interactions, such as responding to a colleague's news or reacting to a story in a more nuanced way. They also start to recognize when '정말요?' is used rhetorically or to show empathy, rather than just seeking a 'yes' or 'no' confirmation.

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At the B2 level, the use of '정말요?' becomes more strategic. Learners understand the subtle difference between '정말요?' and '그래요?' and can choose the one that fits the social hierarchy and the emotional context perfectly. They can use the phrase to manage the 'turn-taking' in a conversation, using it to signal that they are ready for the other person to continue or to pause the conversation to ask for more details. B2 learners are also aware of how '정말요?' is used in media and literature to convey character emotions and can mimic these nuances in their own speech. They also begin to understand the use of '정말' in idiomatic expressions and how the interjection can be modified by adverbs or other particles for emphasis.

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At the C1 level, a learner's use of '정말요?' is indistinguishable from a native speaker's. They use it with perfect timing and intonation, often pairing it with other sophisticated reactive tokens. They understand the sociolinguistic implications of using '정말요?' in different dialects or regional speech patterns. C1 learners can also use it sarcastically or ironically if the situation calls for it, showing a deep mastery of the language's emotional range. They are able to analyze the use of such interjections in high-level discourse, such as political debates or academic discussions, where '정말요?' might be used to subtly challenge a speaker's premise without being overtly confrontational. They also have a full grasp of the historical etymology and the evolution of the word.

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At the C2 level, the learner has a masterly command of '정말요?' and all its variants. They can discuss the linguistic pragmatics of the word in great detail, comparing it to similar functions in other languages. They are sensitive to the micro-nuances of how the '요' particle is pronounced and how it reflects the speaker's persona. C2 learners can use the word in creative writing, poetry, or high-level professional settings to achieve specific rhetorical effects. They understand the deepest cultural roots of why 'truth' (정말) is the basis for this common interjection and how it reflects Korean values of sincerity and interpersonal harmony. Their usage is effortless, natural, and perfectly adapted to every possible social and professional context.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

정말요? 30秒で

정말요? is the polite Korean equivalent of 'Really?' and is used to show surprise or engagement in a conversation.
It is a versatile interjection suitable for most social situations, including work and casual meetings.
The word combines '정말' (truth) with the polite particle '요' to create a respectful yet reactive tone.
Using it correctly helps you sound more natural and demonstrates that you are an active listener in Korean culture.

The Korean expression 정말요? (Jeong-mal-yo?) is one of the most essential and frequently used interjections in the Korean language. At its core, it translates to "Really?" or "Is that true?" in English. However, its usage is much broader than its English counterparts. In Korean social dynamics, showing active engagement in a conversation is a sign of respect and interest. Using "정말요?" serves as a powerful 'reactive token' or 'backchanneling' device, signaling to the speaker that you are not only listening but are also emotionally invested in what they are saying. The word is composed of '정말' (jeong-mal), which means 'truth' or 'reality,' and the polite ending particle '요' (yo). This combination makes it suitable for a wide variety of social situations, ranging from casual conversations with acquaintances to more formal interactions with colleagues or superiors where a certain level of politeness is required. When a speaker shares a piece of news, whether it is surprising, shocking, or even mundane, a listener will often interject with "정말요?" to encourage the speaker to continue. It is not just a question seeking confirmation; it is an emotional bridge between the two parties.

Semantic Root: The term '정말' (Jeongmal) literally translates to 'true words' or 'the truth.' When the polite particle '요' is added, it transforms into a versatile question that validates the speaker's statement while expressing the listener's reaction.
Pragmatic Function: It serves as an 'Aisuchi' (a term borrowed from Japanese linguistics but applicable here) which maintains the flow of communication and confirms the listener's presence and attention.

Person A: "저 다음 달에 한국으로 이사 가요." (I am moving to Korea next month.)
Person B: 정말요? 축하해요! (Really? Congratulations!)

Beyond simple surprise, "정말요?" can also convey a sense of disbelief or skepticism depending on the intonation. If the pitch rises sharply at the end, it indicates high surprise. If the pitch is flatter, it might suggest a more routine confirmation. In professional settings, using "정말요?" shows that you are following a presentation or a set of instructions attentively. It is a safer, more polite alternative to the more casual "진짜?" (Jinjja?), which is strictly reserved for close friends or younger individuals. For an English speaker, mastering "정말요?" is the first step toward sounding natural in Korean because it moves beyond the textbook grammar and into the realm of social pragmatics. It is the verbal equivalent of nodding your head while someone else is speaking. Without such interjections, a conversation in Korean can feel cold or one-sided, as if the listener is uninterested or even rude. Therefore, learning when and how to say "정말요?" is crucial for building rapport with Korean native speakers.

Furthermore, the word "정말" can also function as an adverb within a sentence to mean "really" or "truly," but when used as a standalone question with the '요' particle, its function is specifically interjectory. This distinction is important for learners to grasp. While "정말 맛있어요" (It is really delicious) uses '정말' as a modifier, "정말요?" stands alone as a complete thought. This versatility is why it appears so early in the curriculum for Korean learners. It provides a simple yet effective tool for participating in conversations before one has the vocabulary to construct complex sentences. Even if you don't understand every word a Korean speaker is saying, a well-timed "정말요?" can keep the conversation going and show that you are trying to engage with the language and the culture.

Using 정말요? correctly involves understanding its placement and the subtle grammatical rules surrounding the '요' particle. Most commonly, it is used as an independent response. When someone tells you something unexpected, you respond with "정말요?" to seek confirmation. However, it can also be integrated into larger sentence structures or followed by other expressions to provide more context to your reaction. For example, you might say "정말요? 믿을 수 없어요!" (Really? I can't believe it!). In this case, the interjection sets the tone for the following sentence. It is important to note that because it ends in '요', it is part of the 'Haeyo-che' (polite) speech style. This is the most common and versatile speech level in modern Korean, making "정말요?" appropriate for most daily interactions, whether you are talking to a waiter, a store clerk, or a new acquaintance.

Standalone Usage: A: "오늘 수업이 취소됐어요." (Today's class was canceled.)
B: "정말요? 다행이네요." (Really? That's a relief.)
As an Adverbial Modifier: While the interjection is "정말요?", the root "정말" can modify adjectives: "정말 예뻐요" (It is really pretty).

A: "이거 제가 직접 만든 선물이에요." (This is a gift I made myself.)
B: 정말요? 너무 감동적이에요. (Really? I'm so moved.)

One of the most interesting aspects of "정말요?" is how it can change meaning based on what follows it. If you follow it with a question about the specifics, it shows deep curiosity: "정말요? 어디서요?" (Really? Where?). If you follow it with a statement of agreement, it reinforces social bonds: "정말요? 저도 그렇게 생각해요." (Really? I think so too.). It is also possible to use it in a slightly skeptical way, though this must be done carefully to avoid appearing rude. In such cases, the intonation is usually longer and lower. For learners, it is best to stick to the rising intonation that expresses positive surprise or genuine curiosity. Another grammatical point to consider is the omission of the subject. In English, we might say "Are you really?" or "Is it really?", but in Korean, "정말요?" covers all these bases because the context is already established by the previous speaker. This makes Korean very efficient in conversational exchanges.

When practicing, try to pair "정말요?" with different emotions. Say it happily when you hear good news, say it with wide eyes when you hear something shocking, and say it softly when you are empathizing with someone's struggle. This emotional flexibility is what makes it a 'living' part of the language. In writing, such as in text messages or on social media, it is often written as "정말요?" or even shortened to "정말?" if talking to friends. You might also see it with multiple question marks or exclamation points (정말요??!!) to emphasize the intensity of the reaction. However, in formal writing or essays, this interjection is rarely used as it is primarily a conversational tool. Instead, one would use more formal structures to express surprise or to emphasize truth. For the A2 learner, focus on using it as a polite response in spoken dialogue to build your fluency and confidence.

You will hear 정말요? everywhere in Korea, from the bustling streets of Seoul to the quietest countryside villages. It is a staple of everyday communication. If you watch Korean dramas (K-dramas), you will notice that characters use this phrase constantly. It is often the climax of a scene where a secret is revealed or a confession is made. The actress might gasp and say, "정말요?" with tears in her eyes, or a comedic character might say it with an exaggerated expression to make the audience laugh. In variety shows, where reactions are paramount, the cast members often shout "정말요?!" in unison when a guest shares a surprising story. This cultural emphasis on 'reaction' (리액션) is a key part of Korean entertainment and social life. Being a 'good reactor' is considered a positive social trait, and "정말요?" is the most basic tool in a good reactor's kit.

In the Workplace: When a boss announces a bonus or a change in company policy, employees might respond with a polite "정말요?" to show they are engaged and appreciative of the information.
In Service Industries: If you tell a shopkeeper that you are from a specific country, they might say "정말요? 제 동생도 거기 살아요!" (Really? My younger sibling lives there too!).

Customer: "이 사과 진짜 달아요." (This apple is really sweet.)
Vendor: 정말요? 새벽에 갓 따온 거라 그래요. (Really? It's because it was just picked at dawn.)

In educational settings, students use it when a teacher announces something unexpected, like a surprise quiz or, more happily, the cancellation of homework. It acts as a bridge between the formal role of the teacher and the personal reaction of the student. You will also hear it in news interviews, where the interviewer uses it to prompt the interviewee to elaborate on a shocking fact. It is so ubiquitous that it often becomes background noise, yet its absence would be immediately felt as a lack of warmth. For a foreigner living in Korea, hearing "정말요?" directed at them is often a sign that the local people are interested in their story. It is an invitation to share more. When you start using it yourself, you will notice that Koreans become more animated in their responses to you, as you are following the 'unwritten rules' of Korean conversation.

In the digital world, "정말요?" is equally prevalent. On platforms like KakaoTalk (the primary messaging app in Korea), it is often paired with cute emoticons. A simple text of "정말요?" followed by a shocked cat sticker conveys a lot of emotion with very few characters. It is also used in YouTube comments or on blogs to express amazement at a creator's content. Because it is polite, it is a safe way to interact with strangers online without being too forward. In summary, whether you are in a boardroom, a classroom, a cafe, or a digital chatroom, "정말요?" is the heartbeat of Korean interaction, providing a constant pulse of engagement and validation between speakers.

While 정말요? is a relatively simple phrase, there are several common mistakes that learners often make. The most significant error relates to the speech level and politeness. In Korean, the hierarchy between speakers is paramount. While "정말요?" is polite, it is in the 'Haeyo-che' style, which is considered 'informal polite.' In highly formal situations—such as speaking to a high-ranking government official, a very elderly person you don't know, or in a formal military or business presentation—"정말요?" might be slightly too casual. In these rare cases, the more formal "정말입니까?" (Jeong-mal-im-ni-ka?) is appropriate. Conversely, using "정말요?" with your very close friends or younger siblings can sound overly stiff or even sarcastic. For those relationships, you should drop the '요' and just say "정말?" (Jeong-mal?).

Mistake 1: Wrong Politeness Level: Using "정말요?" with a close friend can feel distant. Using "정말?" with a teacher is rude. Always gauge your relationship before choosing whether to include '요'.
Mistake 2: Intonation Errors: If you don't raise the pitch at the end, it sounds like a statement ("It is the truth") rather than a question. This can lead to confusion in the conversation.

Incorrect: (To a boss) "진짜?" (Jinjja?)
Correct: "정말요?" or "정말입니까?"

Another common mistake is overusing the phrase to the point where it sounds insincere. While backchanneling is important, if you say "정말요?" after every single sentence the speaker utters, it can start to feel like you are not actually listening but are just on 'autopilot.' To avoid this, vary your responses with other similar phrases like "그래요?" (Is that so?) or "우와!" (Wow!). Additionally, learners sometimes confuse "정말요?" with "진짜요?" (Jin-jja-yo?). While they are largely interchangeable, "정말요?" is slightly more formal and 'standard,' whereas "진짜요?" has a slightly more casual, emphatic feel. Using "진짜요?" in a formal interview might be seen as slightly less professional than "정말요?".

Finally, there is the issue of pronunciation. The 'ㄹ' (rieul) at the end of '정말' should be a light, clear sound. Some learners tend to swallow the 'ㄹ' or make it sound too much like an English 'L' or 'R'. In the sequence "정말요", the 'ㄹ' and the 'ㅇ' (which is silent as an initial but follows the 'ㄹ') create a smooth transition. Some speakers even pronounce it slightly like [정말료] (jeong-mal-lyo) in fast speech, though the standard is [정말요]. Practicing the smooth connection between the 'ㄹ' and the '요' will make your interjection sound much more natural. Avoid pausing between the two syllables; it should flow as one continuous thought. By avoiding these common pitfalls, you will be able to use this essential phrase with the nuance and grace of a native speaker.

In Korean, there are several ways to express surprise or seek confirmation, and choosing the right one can help you sound more sophisticated. The most common alternative to 정말요? is 진짜요? (Jinjja-yo?). While both mean "Really?", "진짜" literally means "the real thing" (as opposed to a fake). It is slightly more colloquial than "정말" and is incredibly popular among younger generations. If "정말요?" is like saying "Is that true?", "진짜요?" is more like "For real?". In most casual settings, they are interchangeable, but you will notice that "진짜요?" is used more frequently in social media and casual vlogs. Another important alternative is 그래요? (Geurae-yo?), which translates to "Is that so?". This is a bit more neutral and less focused on 'truth' and more on 'acknowledgment.' It is a very safe and polite way to react to news that isn't necessarily shocking but still requires a response.

정말요? vs. 진짜요?: 정말요? is more standard and formal. 진짜요? is more casual and emphatic. Use 정말요? in a job interview and 진짜요? with your classmates.
설마요! (Seol-ma-yo!): This means "No way!" or "It can't be!". Use this when the news is so shocking that you almost don't believe it. It adds a layer of doubt that "정말요?" doesn't have.

A: "우리 팀이 이겼어요!" (Our team won!)
B: 우와, 진짜요? 대단해요! (Wow, for real? That's great!)

For more intense surprise, you might hear 세상에! (Sesang-e!), which literally means "In the world!" but functions like "Oh my goodness!" or "Heavens!". This is often used by older generations or in very dramatic situations. In contrast, younger people might use slang like 대박! (Daebak!), which means "Awesome!" or "That's crazy!". While "대박" isn't a direct synonym for "Really?", it is often used in the same conversational slot to show a strong reaction to news. Another nuanced option is 거짓말! (Geojit-mal!), which means "Lie!" or "You're lying!". In English, calling someone a liar can be harsh, but in Korean, a playful "거짓말!" is a common way to say "No way, you're kidding me!". However, you should only use this with very close friends, as it can be misinterpreted if used with the wrong person.

Finally, if you want to be extremely formal, you can use 그렇습니까? (Geureot-seumnika?), which is the formal version of "Is that so?". This is common in news broadcasts, military settings, or very formal business meetings. It shows a high level of respect and professional distance. Understanding these alternatives allows you to tailor your reaction to the specific social context, showing that you have a deep grasp of Korean social etiquette. As an A2 learner, start by mastering the balance between "정말요?" and "진짜요?", and then gradually incorporate the others as you become more comfortable with different speech levels. Each of these words carries a slightly different emotional weight, and choosing the right one is like picking the perfect spice for a dish—it makes the whole experience much more authentic.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

While '정말' sounds very formal and standard, its counterpart '진짜' (Jinjja) actually comes from Sino-Korean roots (眞 - true, 者 - thing/person). '정말' feels more 'purely Korean' to many native speakers.

発音ガイド

UK /tɕʌŋ.mal.jo/

US /dʒʌŋ.mɑl.joʊ/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal weight, but for '정말요?', the emphasis often naturally falls on the '말' syllable, especially when expressing surprise.

韻が合う語

정말요 (Jeongmal-yo) 정말도 (Jeongmal-do) 정말고 (Jeongmal-go) 정말소 (Jeongmal-so) 정말노 (Jeongmal-no) 정말모 (Jeongmal-mo) 정말보 (Jeongmal-bo) 정말초 (Jeongmal-cho)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '정' like 'jung' (too much 'u' sound). It should be an open 'eo' sound.
Making the 'ㄹ' in '말' too heavy like an English 'R'. It's closer to a light 'L'.
Dropping the '요' when speaking to someone of higher status.
Forgetting the rising intonation at the end when asking it as a question.
Pausing too long between '말' and '요'. It should be fluid.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to read; only three simple characters.

ライティング 1/5

Simple strokes, very common characters.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to say, but requires correct intonation to sound natural.

リスニング 1/5

Distinct sound, very easy to recognize in conversation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

네 (Yes) 아니요 (No) 감사합니다 (Thank you) 저 (I/Me) 학생 (Student)

次に学ぶ

진짜요? (For real?) 그래요? (Is that so?) 대박 (Awesome) 우와 (Wow) 어머나 (Oh my)

上級

설마 (No way) 과연 (Indeed) 역시 (As expected) 하긴 (True, though) 정말로 (Truly)

知っておくべき文法

Polite ending particle -요

정말 + 요 = 정말요

Noun + 이다 (to be)

정말 + 이에요 = 정말이에요

Adverbial usage of 정말

정말 + 예뻐요 = 정말 예뻐요

Formal ending -습니까

정말 + 입니까 = 정말입니까?

Informal (Banmal) dropping -요

정말요 -> 정말?

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レベル別の例文

A: 오늘 날씨가 좋아요. B: 정말요?

A: The weather is good today. B: Really?

Simple use of the interjection to show interest.

A: 저는 학생이에요. B: 정말요? 저도요.

A: I am a student. B: Really? Me too.

Using the interjection to find common ground.

A: 이거 맛있어요. B: 정말요? 저도 먹고 싶어요.

A: This is delicious. B: Really? I want to eat it too.

Expressing curiosity about a statement.

A: 한국 친구가 있어요. B: 정말요? 멋있어요!

A: I have a Korean friend. B: Really? That's cool!

A1-level positive reaction.

A: 내일은 제 생일이에요. B: 정말요? 축하해요!

A: Tomorrow is my birthday. B: Really? Congratulations!

Reacting to personal news.

A: 저는 김치를 좋아해요. B: 정말요? 매워요.

A: I like kimchi. B: Really? It's spicy.

Using the word to express a mild difference in perspective.

A: 버스가 왔어요. B: 정말요? 가요!

A: The bus is here. B: Really? Let's go!

Reaction to an immediate event.

A: 이름이 뭐예요? B: 마이클이에요. A: 정말요? 반가워요.

A: What is your name? B: I'm Michael. A: Really? Nice to meet you.

Using the word to acknowledge an introduction.

A: 어제 영화를 봤는데 정말 재미있었어요. B: 정말요? 무슨 영화였어요?

A: I watched a movie yesterday and it was really fun. B: Really? What movie was it?

Following the interjection with a specific question.

A: 백화점에서 세일을 해요. B: 정말요? 언제까지 해요?

A: There is a sale at the department store. B: Really? Until when?

Seeking more information after the interjection.

A: 한국말이 조금 어려워요. B: 정말요? 저는 재미있어요.

A: Korean is a bit difficult. B: Really? I find it fun.

Expressing a polite counter-opinion.

A: 다음 주에 여행을 가요. B: 정말요? 어디로 가요?

A: I'm going on a trip next week. B: Really? Where are you going?

Using the word to show interest in someone's plans.

A: 이 사과는 한 개에 오천 원이에요. B: 정말요? 너무 비싸요.

A: This apple is 5,000 won each. B: Really? It's too expensive.

Reacting to surprising information (price).

A: 지수 씨가 아파서 학교에 못 왔어요. B: 정말요? 걱정되네요.

A: Jisoo couldn't come to school because she's sick. B: Really? I'm worried.

Expressing empathy.

A: 제 동생은 요리를 아주 잘해요. B: 정말요? 부럽네요.

A: My younger sibling is very good at cooking. B: Really? I'm envious.

Reacting to a compliment about someone else.

A: 이 식당은 월요일에 문을 닫아요. B: 정말요? 몰랐어요.

A: This restaurant is closed on Mondays. B: Really? I didn't know.

Acknowledging new information.

A: 그 소식 들었어요? 사장님이 바뀌신대요. B: 정말요? 갑자기 왜요?

A: Did you hear the news? They say the CEO is changing. B: Really? Why so suddenly?

Reacting to significant workplace news.

A: 요즘 한국에서는 이 노래가 제일 유행이에요. B: 정말요? 멜로디가 익숙하네요.

A: This song is the most popular in Korea these days. B: Really? The melody sounds familiar.

Connecting the reaction to personal observation.

A: 어제 밤에 눈이 많이 왔어요. B: 정말요? 자느라고 전혀 몰랐어요.

A: It snowed a lot last night. B: Really? I had no idea because I was sleeping.

Explaining why the news is surprising.

A: 이번 시험 범위가 너무 넓어서 걱정이에요. B: 정말요? 제가 도와줄까요?

A: I'm worried because the exam range is so wide. B: Really? Shall I help you?

Offering help after the interjection.

A: 이 근처에 아주 유명한 카페가 생겼대요. B: 정말요? 우리 주말에 같이 가볼까요?

A: I heard a very famous cafe opened near here. B: Really? Shall we go together this weekend?

Using the reaction to make a suggestion.

A: 민수 씨가 회사를 그만둔다고 하더라고요. B: 정말요? 믿기지가 않네요.

A: I heard Minsu is quitting the company. B: Really? It's hard to believe.

Expressing disbelief.

A: 한국은 인터넷 속도가 세계에서 가장 빠르대요. B: 정말요? 역시 IT 강국이네요.

A: They say Korea's internet speed is the fastest in the world. B: Really? As expected of an IT powerhouse.

Confirming a cultural stereotype/fact.

A: 저 이번에 장학금 받았어요! B: 정말요? 너무 잘됐네요. 축하해요!

A: I received a scholarship this time! B: Really? That's so great. Congratulations!

High-energy positive reaction.

A: 정부에서 새로운 부동산 정책을 발표했습니다. B: 정말요? 시장 반응이 어떨지 궁금하네요.

A: The government announced a new real estate policy. B: Really? I wonder what the market reaction will be.

Reacting to a formal news announcement with analysis.

A: 이번 프로젝트의 예산이 대폭 삭감되었다고 합니다. B: 정말요? 그럼 계획을 전면 수정해야겠는데요.

A: I heard the budget for this project has been significantly cut. B: Really? Then we'll have to revise the plan entirely.

Reacting to negative professional news with a logical consequence.

A: 그 작가의 신작이 벌써 베스트셀러 1위에 올랐대요. B: 정말요? 출간된 지 이틀밖에 안 됐는데 놀랍네요.

A: I heard the author's new work has already reached number one on the bestseller list. B: Really? It's surprising since it's only been two days since publication.

Adding specific context to the surprise.

A: 요즘은 인공지능이 그림도 그리고 시도 쓴대요. B: 정말요? 기술의 발전 속도가 무서울 정도네요.

A: These days, AI even draws pictures and writes poems. B: Really? The speed of technological development is almost scary.

Reflecting on a broader societal trend.

A: 그 배우가 사실은 무명 시절이 아주 길었대요. B: 정말요? 지금의 화려한 모습 뒤에 그런 노력이 있었군요.

A: I heard that actor actually had a very long period of being unknown. B: Really? So there was that kind of effort behind their current glamorous appearance.

Using the reaction to deepen the conversation's insight.

A: 이번 연구 결과가 기존의 이론을 뒤집을 수도 있대요. B: 정말요? 학계에 엄청난 파장이 일겠는데요.

A: I heard the results of this study might overturn existing theories. B: Really? There will be a huge impact on the academic world.

Reacting to high-level academic information.

A: 그 나라는 전 국민에게 기본 소득을 지급하기로 했대요. B: 정말요? 경제적으로 실현 가능한지 의문이네요.

A: I heard that country decided to provide a basic income to all citizens. B: Really? I question whether it's economically feasible.

Expressing critical thinking after the interjection.

A: 이 유적지가 사실은 가짜라는 주장이 제기되었어요. B: 정말요? 그럼 지금까지의 역사가 다 틀린 건가요?

A: A claim has been raised that this historical site is actually a fake. B: Really? Then is all the history until now wrong?

Reacting to a controversial statement.

A: 이번 선거 결과가 예상을 완전히 뒤엎었습니다. B: 정말요? 민심의 향방을 예측하기가 참 어렵군요.

A: The election results completely overturned expectations. B: Really? It's quite difficult to predict the direction of public sentiment.

Using sophisticated vocabulary in the response.

A: 그 기업이 파산 위기에 처했다는 루머가 돌고 있어요. B: 정말요? 탄탄한 중견 기업인 줄 알았는데 충격적이네요.

A: Rumors are circulating that the company is on the verge of bankruptcy. B: Really? I thought they were a solid mid-sized company, so it's shocking.

Expressing cognitive dissonance based on prior knowledge.

A: 현대인들의 고독사가 심각한 사회 문제로 대두되고 있습니다. B: 정말요? 공동체의 해체가 가져온 비극적인 단면이네요.

A: The solitary deaths of modern people are emerging as a serious social problem. B: Really? It's a tragic aspect brought about by the dissolution of community.

Reacting to a sociological observation.

A: 이 고문서에는 우리가 몰랐던 왕실의 비밀이 담겨 있습니다. B: 정말요? 역사의 이면을 들여다볼 수 있는 귀중한 자료군요.

A: This ancient document contains royal secrets we didn't know about. B: Really? It's a valuable resource that allows us to peek into the hidden side of history.

Acknowledging historical significance.

A: 인류가 화성에 거주할 날이 머지않았다는 전망이 나왔습니다. B: 정말요? 공상과학 영화 속 이야기가 현실이 되는 셈이네요.

A: A forecast has come out that the day humans live on Mars is not far off. B: Really? It means stories in sci-fi movies are becoming reality.

Synthesizing information with cultural references.

A: 그 작가는 자신의 모든 저작권을 사회에 환원하기로 했답니다. B: 정말요? 진정한 노블레스 오블리주를 실천하는 분이시군요.

A: That author decided to return all their copyrights to society. B: Really? They are someone practicing true noblesse oblige.

Using a foreign loanword (noblesse oblige) in a Korean context.

A: 뇌 과학의 발전으로 인간의 기억을 조작하는 것이 가능해질지도 모릅니다. B: 정말요? 과학적 성과와 별개로 윤리적인 논란이 거세겠는데요.

A: With developments in brain science, it might become possible to manipulate human memory. B: Really? Aside from the scientific achievement, there will be fierce ethical controversy.

Evaluating ethical implications.

A: 기후 변화로 인해 북극곰이 멸종 위기에 처해 있습니다. B: 정말요? 지구 온난화의 심각성을 다시금 절감하게 되네요.

A: Polar bears are on the verge of extinction due to climate change. B: Really? It makes me keenly realize the seriousness of global warming once again.

Expressing environmental concern.

A: 언어는 사고를 규정하는 틀이라는 사피어-워프 가설이 다시 주목받고 있습니다. B: 정말요? 언어 결정론의 현대적 재해석이 흥미롭군요.

A: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which posits that language is a framework that defines thought, is gaining attention again. B: Really? The modern reinterpretation of linguistic determinism is interesting.

Reacting to high-level linguistic theory.

A: 양자 역학의 불확정성 원리는 우리가 아는 세계의 인과율을 뒤흔듭니다. B: 정말요? 존재론적 차원에서의 근본적인 회의를 불러일으키는군요.

A: The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics shakes the causality of the world as we know it. B: Really? It evokes fundamental skepticism on an ontological level.

Engaging with philosophical and scientific concepts.

A: 포스트모더니즘 이후의 예술은 미학적 가치보다 담론의 형성에 치중하는 경향이 있습니다. B: 정말요? 예술의 본질적 기능이 전치된 현상으로 볼 수 있겠네요.

A: Post-postmodern art tends to focus more on the formation of discourse than on aesthetic value. B: Really? It could be seen as a phenomenon where the essential function of art has been transposed.

Analyzing artistic trends.

A: 다문화 사회로의 급격한 이행이 민족 정체성에 대한 담론을 재점화하고 있습니다. B: 정말요? 단일 민족 신화의 해체와 재구성이 필연적인 시점이군요.

A: The rapid transition to a multicultural society is reigniting discourse on national identity. B: Really? It's a point where the dismantling and reconstruction of the single-ethnic myth is inevitable.

Discussing complex sociopolitical shifts.

A: 인공지능이 인간의 창의성을 모방하는 것을 넘어 고유의 미학을 창출할 수 있을까요? B: 정말요? 기계가 주체성을 가질 수 있느냐는 철학적 난제와 직결되네요.

A: Can AI go beyond mimicking human creativity to create its own unique aesthetics? B: Really? That directly relates to the philosophical conundrum of whether a machine can possess subjectivity.

Posing philosophical questions.

A: 자본주의의 고도화가 인간 소외를 심화시키고 있다는 비판이 끊이지 않습니다. B: 정말요? 물신주의가 팽배한 사회에서 인간 존엄성을 회복할 방안이 시급하군요.

A: Criticism that the intensification of capitalism is deepening human alienation is constant. B: Really? In a society where fetishism is rampant, measures to restore human dignity are urgent.

Engaging in critical social critique.

A: 메타버스가 현실 세계의 경제 및 사회 활동을 완전히 대체할 것이라는 예측도 있습니다. B: 정말요? 가상과 현실의 경계가 무너지는 문명사적 대전환기라 할 수 있겠네요.

A: There are predictions that the metaverse will completely replace economic and social activities in the real world. B: Really? It can be called a major turning point in the history of civilization where the boundary between virtual and reality collapses.

Discussing historical and technological shifts.

A: 유전자 가위 기술이 질병 치료를 넘어 맞춤형 아기 출산으로 이어질 가능성이 큽니다. B: 정말요? 인류의 진화 방향을 인위적으로 조정한다는 점에서 공포스럽기까지 하네요.

A: It is highly likely that gene-editing technology will go beyond curing diseases to result in designer babies. B: Really? It's even scary in the sense that we are artificially adjusting the direction of human evolution.

Expressing deep existential concern.

よく使う組み合わせ

와, 정말요?

아, 정말요?

정말요? 세상에!

정말요? 다행이네요.

정말요? 안됐네요.

정말요? 축하해요!

정말요? 믿을 수 없어요.

정말요? 언제요?

정말요? 어디서요?

정말요? 누구랑요?

よく使うフレーズ

정말입니까?

— The formal version of 'Really?'. Used in very official contexts.

의원님, 그 말씀 정말입니까?

정말이에요.

— The statement version: 'It's the truth' or 'I'm serious'.

거짓말 아니에요. 정말이에요.

정말로?

— A slightly more emphatic way to say 'Really?'.

정말로? 다시 한번 확인해 봐.

정말이지...

— An idiomatic way to start a sentence expressing frustration or emphasis.

정말이지, 그 사람은 말을 안 들어.

정말인가요?

— A slightly softer, more inquisitive version of 'Really?'.

그 소문이 정말인가요?

진짜 정말요.

— Double emphasis: 'Really, truly.'

제가 한 거 아니에요. 진짜 정말요.

정말이지 말이야.

— A casual way to emphasize a point in a story.

그 영화 정말이지 말이야, 너무 무서웠어.

정말이지 어처구니가 없네.

— An expression showing that something is truly absurd.

정말이지 어처구니가 없네. 어떻게 그럴 수가 있지?

정말이지 다행이다.

— Expressing deep relief.

사고가 안 나서 정말이지 다행이다.

정말이지 대단하다.

— Expressing deep admiration.

혼자서 다 했다니 정말이지 대단하다.

よく混同される語

정말요? vs 진짜요?

Almost identical, but '진짜요?' is slightly more casual and emphatic.

정말요? vs 그래요?

Means 'Is that so?'. It is less surprised and more of a neutral acknowledgment.

정말요? vs 정말로?

A bit more emphatic, focusing on the 'truth' aspect.

慣用句と表現

"정말 눈 깜짝할 사이에"

— Truly in the blink of an eye. Used when something happens very fast.

정말 눈 깜짝할 사이에 사고가 났어요.

Neutral

"정말 엎어지면 코 닿을 데"

— Truly a stone's throw away (literally 'where your nose touches if you fall').

우리 집은 학교에서 정말 엎어지면 코 닿을 데예요.

Casual

"정말 산 넘어 산"

— Truly one obstacle after another (literally 'mountain after mountain').

이번 일은 정말 산 넘어 산이네요.

Neutral

"정말 밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기"

— Truly like pouring water into a bottomless pot. A futile effort.

이 프로젝트는 정말 밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기 같아요.

Neutral

"정말 하늘의 별 따기"

— Truly like picking a star from the sky. Something nearly impossible.

취직하기가 정말 하늘의 별 따기예요.

Neutral

"정말 쇠귀에 경 읽기"

— Truly like reading scriptures to a cow's ear. Talking to someone who won't listen.

아무리 말해도 안 들으니 정말 쇠귀에 경 읽기네요.

Casual

"정말 그림의 떡"

— Truly a rice cake in a picture. Something you want but can't have.

저 비싼 차는 저에게 정말 그림의 떡이에요.

Neutral

"정말 가는 날이 장날"

— Truly 'the day I went was market day'. Bad timing.

백화점에 갔더니 휴일이네요. 정말 가는 날이 장날이에요.

Neutral

"정말 식은 죽 먹기"

— Truly like eating cold porridge. A piece of cake.

이 정도 문제는 정말 식은 죽 먹기죠.

Casual

"정말 금상첨화"

— Truly 'adding flowers to silk'. Making something good even better.

날씨도 좋은데 경치까지 좋으니 정말 금상첨화네요.

Neutral

間違えやすい

정말요? vs 정말 (Adverb)

It looks the same as the interjection.

The adverb modifies an adjective (정말 커요), while the interjection is a standalone response.

이 사과 정말 커요! (This apple is really big!) vs 정말요? (Really?)

정말요? vs 전만

Similar pronunciation for beginners.

전만 means 'only before' or 'only the front'. It has no relation to truth.

식사 전만 가능해요. (Only possible before meals.)

정말요? vs 정말이지

Starts with the same word.

정말이지 is an emphatic sentence starter, not a question.

정말이지, 오늘은 너무 덥네요. (Truly, it's so hot today.)

정말요? vs 참말

Same meaning (true word).

참말 is a slightly more old-fashioned or dialectal way to say 정말.

그게 참말이니? (Is that the truth?)

정말요? vs 진심

Related to truth.

진심 means 'sincerity' or 'heart'.

제 진심을 알아주세요. (Please know my sincerity.)

文型パターン

정말요? + [Adjective]요.

정말요? 좋네요.

정말요? + [Question]?

정말요? 어디예요?

정말요? + [Reason] 몰랐어요.

정말요? 전혀 몰랐어요.

정말요? + [Hypothesis]

정말요? 그럼 어떻게 하죠?

정말요? + [Observation]

정말요? 시대가 많이 변했네요.

정말요? + [Philosophical reflection]

정말요? 인간의 본성에 대해 다시 생각하게 되네요.

와, 정말요?

와, 정말요? 멋져요!

정말요? 축하해요!

정말요? 생일 축하해요!

語族

名詞

정말 (Truth/Reality)

動詞

정말이다 (To be true/To be the truth)

使い方

frequency

Extremely frequent in spoken Korean.

よくある間違い

Using '정말' with a teacher. → 정말요?
Dropping the '요' is informal (Banmal) and is considered rude when speaking to a teacher or elder.
Using a falling intonation for a question. → 정말요? (Rising pitch)
A falling pitch makes it sound like a statement, which can be confusing in a conversation.
Using '정말요?' in a very formal speech. → 정말입니까?
In highly formal or military settings, '정말요?' is slightly too casual.
Pronouncing '정말' as 'Jung-mal'. → Jeong-mal
The vowel is 'ㅓ' (eo), which is an open sound, not 'ㅜ' (u).
Overusing it without any other response. → 정말요? 우와! / 정말요? 그렇군요.
Saying only '정말요?' repeatedly can make you sound insincere or uninterested.

ヒント

The Power of Reaction

In Korea, being a 'good reactor' (리액션이 좋다) is a compliment. Using '정말요?' effectively makes you more likable in social settings.

Intonation Matters

Always use a rising intonation at the end to make it a question. A flat tone might sound like you are bored.

The 'Yo' Rule

When in doubt, always include the '요'. It's much better to be too polite than to be accidentally rude.

Pairing with Empathy

If someone tells you something sad, say '정말요?' softly and follow with '힘내세요' (Be strong).

Workplace Etiquette

Use '정말요?' to show your boss you are paying attention during instructions. It shows you are 'awake' and engaged.

Digital Chat

In texts, '정말요?' is often shortened to '정말요' or '정말?' depending on the relationship. Use question marks to clarify.

Listen for Variations

Try to spot the difference between '정말요?', '진짜요?', and '그래요?' when watching K-dramas. It will help your listening skills.

Don't Overthink

It's a short, easy phrase. Use it as a 'filler' to give yourself more time to think of what to say next.

Root Meaning

Remember that 'Jeongmal' means 'truth'. This helps you remember that you are asking if something is true.

Echoing

Sometimes people repeat the word they just heard before saying '정말요?'. Example: '여행요? 정말요?' (A trip? Really?). This is very natural.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Jeong' as 'Just' and 'Mal' as 'Mail'. If you get 'Just Mail', you might ask 'Really?' because you weren't expecting it. 'Just Mail? Yo! Really?'

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant question mark made of solid gold (representing the 'truth' of 'Jeongmal').

Word Web

정말요? 진짜요? 그래요? 사실이에요? 설마요? 정말입니까? 정말? 진짜?

チャレンジ

Try to use '정말요?' at least three times in your next conversation with a Korean speaker or language partner to show you are listening.

語源

The word '정말' is a native Korean compound. '정' (jeong) is often associated with the concept of 'correctness' or 'rightness' (though it is not directly from the Hanja 正 in every etymological view, the association remains strong in the Korean linguistic consciousness). '말' (mal) is the native Korean word for speech, language, or words.

元の意味： The combination literally means 'correct words' or 'true speech.'

Koreanic

文化的な背景

Avoid using the informal '정말?' without the '요' with people older than you or in higher positions, as it is considered rude.

English speakers should be careful not to use a sarcastic tone with '정말요?', as it is almost always used sincerely in Korean.

K-Drama 'Crash Landing on You': Characters often use '정말요?' when discovering secrets. Variety Show 'Running Man': Cast members shout it in unison during surprising missions. K-Pop lyrics: Often used to express surprise at falling in love.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Hearing good news

정말요? 축하해요!
정말요? 잘됐네요!
정말요? 부러워요!
정말요? 대단해요!

Hearing bad news

정말요? 안됐네요.
정말요? 힘들겠어요.
정말요? 걱정되네요.
정말요? 어떡해요?

At work

정말요? 확인해 보겠습니다.
정말요? 몰랐습니다.
정말요? 알겠습니다.
정말요? 다시 말씀해 주세요.

Shopping

정말요? 너무 비싸요.
정말요? 세일 중이에요?
정말요? 이거 하나밖에 없어요?
정말요? 추천해 주세요.

Socializing

정말요? 저도 그거 좋아해요.
정말요? 어디 사세요?
정말요? 한국말 잘하시네요.
정말요? 같이 가요.

会話のきっかけ

"어제 뉴스 보셨어요? 정말요? 저도 봤어요."

"한국 음식 좋아하세요? 정말요? 어떤 거 좋아하세요?"

"주말에 뭐 하셨어요? 여행요? 정말요? 어디 가셨어요?"

"그 영화 보셨어요? 정말요? 재미있었나요?"

"새로 생긴 카페 가보셨어요? 정말요? 커피 맛있어요?"

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오늘 누군가에게 '정말요?'라고 물어본 적이 있나요? 어떤 상황이었나요?

한국 드라마를 보면서 '정말요?'라는 대사를 들었을 때 어떤 느낌이었나요?

당신이 들은 가장 놀라운 뉴스는 무엇인가요? 그때 '정말요?'라고 반응했나요?

친구와 대화할 때 '정말요?' 대신 '진짜요?'를 써본 적이 있나요? 차이가 느껴지나요?

'정말요?'라는 말을 들었을 때 기분이 어땠나요? 상대방이 내 말에 집중하고 있다는 느낌을 받았나요?

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10 問

Yes, '정말요?' is polite and generally acceptable in the workplace. However, if the situation is extremely formal (like a board meeting), '정말입니까?' might be safer. For daily interactions with a manager, '정말요?' shows you are an engaged listener.

'정말요?' is considered more standard and slightly more formal. '진짜요?' is more casual and is used very frequently by younger people. In most everyday situations, they are interchangeable, but '정말요?' is a safer bet in professional settings.

Not necessarily. While it often expresses surprise, it can also be a simple way to show you are listening and encourage the speaker to keep talking. It acts as a 'verbal nod.'

It is only rude if you say it to someone older or in a higher position. With close friends, siblings, or people younger than you, dropping the '요' is natural and expected.

It should be a light tap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, similar to the 'l' in 'light' but softer. Don't make it a heavy 'r' sound like in 'red.'

Yes, if they tell you something interesting or surprising. It's a polite way to react and can help build a friendly atmosphere.

In that case, you might use '설마요!' (No way!) or '진심이에요?' (Are you serious?). These carry a stronger sense of disbelief than '정말요?'.

Yes, '정말' is a standard Korean word used in both the North and the South, though the polite endings and social nuances might differ slightly.

With a falling intonation, it can mean 'It really is' or 'Truly,' but usually, people say '정말이에요' for the statement form.

There is no strict limit, but try to vary your reactions with other words like '우와', '그래요?', or '그렇군요' so you don't sound like a robot.

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