A2 · 初中級 チャプター 4

Reflexive Actions & Daily Routines

3 トータルルール
32 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of reflecting actions back onto yourself with Portuguese reflexive verbs.

  • Identify reflexive verbs that describe daily routines.
  • Conjugate verbs correctly using reflexive pronouns.
  • Determine the ideal position of pronouns in sentences.
Mirror your actions with confidence.

学べること

Hey there! You've already got the Portuguese basics down, right? Now it's time to level up and learn how to talk about actions you perform on yourself. Imagine wanting to say I wash myself or My name is...; that's where reflexive verbs come in! In this exciting chapter, we're diving into the world of 'Portuguese Reflexive Verbs.' These verbs are exactly like a mirror, reflecting any action you perform right back onto yourself. You'll learn how to correctly use reflexive pronouns and where to place them in a sentence. Fun fact: negative words like 'não' (no) have a magnetic power that pulls the reflexive pronoun right to the front of the verb! By the end of this chapter, you'll be a pro at describing your daily routines. You'll comfortably say things like

My name is [your name],
I wake up early,
I sit down, or I lie down. These skills are super important because you'll need them when introducing yourself, or when chatting about your daily happenings in a simple conversation. Ready to make your Portuguese even more exciting?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe your daily morning routine using at least five reflexive verbs.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to this exciting Portuguese grammar A2 chapter, where we're going to unlock a super useful and natural way to talk about yourself and your daily routines! You've mastered the basics, and now it's time to add a layer of sophistication to your conversations. This chapter focuses on Portuguese Reflexive Verbs, which are essential for describing actions you perform on yourself.
Think about saying I wash myself, I get up, or My name is... – these all use reflexive verbs.
Understanding these verbs is crucial for anyone learning A2 Portuguese because they appear constantly in everyday speech. This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about gaining the fluency to express personal actions and habits. By the end of this guide, you'll be able to confidently introduce yourself using chamar-se, discuss your morning routine with levantar-se and lavar-se, and even talk about relaxing with sentar-se and deitar-se.
Get ready to make your Portuguese sound even more authentic and natural!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of Portuguese Reflexive Verbs is the idea that the subject of the verb is also the object of the action – the action reflects back onto the doer. You'll often see these verbs in their infinitive form ending with -se, like levantar-se (to get up) or lavar-se (to wash oneself). When you conjugate these verbs, the reflexive pronoun changes to match the subject.
The main reflexive pronouns are: me (myself), te (yourself), se (himself/herself/itself/yourself formal), nos (ourselves), vos (yourselves), se (themselves/yourselves).
The placement of these reflexive pronouns is key. Generally, in affirmative sentences, the pronoun comes *before* the conjugated verb in Brazilian Portuguese and *after* the conjugated verb (attached with a hyphen) in European Portuguese. For example: Eu me lavo (I wash myself - BP) vs.
Eu lavo-me (I wash myself - EP). However, a super important rule for Portuguese grammar A2 is that negative words like não (no/not) or adverbs like sempre (always), nunca (never), or question words always pull the pronoun *before* the verb in *both* varieties of Portuguese. So, Eu não me lavo (I don't wash myself) is correct everywhere.
Let's look at some key verbs for daily routines:
* Chamar-se: To be called (literally, to call oneself). Eu chamo-me João / Eu me chamo João (My name is João).
* Levantar-se: To get up. Nós levantamo-nos cedo / Nós nos levantamos cedo (We get up early).
* Sentar-se: To sit down. Ele senta-se na cadeira / Ele se senta na cadeira (He sits down on the chair).
* Deitar-se: To lie down / go to bed. Vocês deitam-se tarde / Vocês se deitam tarde (You all go to bed late).
These verbs are fundamental for talking about yourself in Portuguese.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu lavo as mãos.
    (Meaning I wash myself.)
✓ Correct:
Eu lavo-me as mãos.
(EP) /
Eu me lavo as mãos.
(BP)
*Explanation:* The verb lavar can be transitive (wash something) or reflexive (wash oneself). If you're washing *yourself* (or a part of yourself), you need the reflexive pronoun.
Eu lavo as mãos
means
I wash *the* hands
(whose hands? could be anyone's).
Eu lavo-me as mãos
clearly states
I wash *my own* hands.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu não lavo-me.
✓ Correct:
Eu não me lavo.
*Explanation:* In negative sentences, the negative word (não) always pulls the reflexive pronoun *before* the verb, regardless of whether you're speaking European or Brazilian Portuguese. This is a crucial rule for Portuguese grammar A2.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele chama João.
    (Meaning
    His name is João.
    )
✓ Correct:
Ele chama-se João.
(EP) /
Ele se chama João.
(BP)
*Explanation:* The verb chamar (to call) becomes chamar-se (to be called/to call oneself) when referring to a person's name. Omitting the reflexive pronoun changes the meaning to
He calls João
(he is calling someone named João).

Real Conversations

A

A

Olá! Como é que te chamas? (Hello! What's your name? - lit. How do you call yourself?)
B

B

Olá! Eu chamo-me Ana. E tu? (Hello! My name is Ana. And you?)
A

A

A que horas te levantas de manhã? (What time do you get up in the morning?)
B

B

Eu levanto-me sempre às sete. (I always get up at seven.)
A

A

Depois de um dia longo, eu sento-me no sofá e relaxo-me. (After a long day, I sit down on the sofa and relax.)
B

B

Ah, sim! E à noite, deito-me cedo. (Oh, yes! And at night, I go to bed early.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know if a verb is reflexive in Portuguese?

You'll often see the infinitive form ending with -se, like pentear-se (to comb one's hair) or vestir-se (to get dressed). If the action is performed by the subject *on* the subject, it's likely reflexive.

Q

Are there any verbs that are *always* reflexive?

Yes! Verbs like chamar-se (to be called), lembrar-se (to remember), and esquecer-se (to forget) are inherently reflexive and almost always used with a reflexive pronoun.

Q

What's the main difference in reflexive pronoun placement between European and Brazilian Portuguese?

In affirmative sentences, European Portuguese often places the pronoun *after* the verb (lavo-me), while Brazilian Portuguese typically places it *before* the verb (me lavo). However, in negative sentences, the pronoun *always* comes before the verb in both varieties (não me lavo).

Q

Can I use reflexive verbs to talk about my pets?

Absolutely! If your dog washes itself, you can say O cão lava-se (The dog washes itself). The pronoun se works for itself too.

Cultural Context

In Portuguese-speaking cultures, especially in Brazil, using reflexive verbs for daily routines is incredibly natural and common. You'll hear people use chamar-se every time they introduce themselves. When discussing morning rituals, verbs like levantar-se, lavar-se, vestir-se, and pentear-se are standard.
While European Portuguese tends to place the reflexive pronoun after the verb more often in affirmative statements, Brazilian Portuguese almost exclusively places it before. Understanding these patterns is key to sounding more like a native speaker and connecting with the rhythm of everyday Portuguese grammar A2 conversations.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Eu levanto-me às 7h todos os dias.

I get up at 7 AM every day.

ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）
2

Eu me visto rápido para não perder o Uber.

I get dressed fast so I don't miss the Uber.

ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）
3

Eu não me arrependo de nada.

私は何も後悔していません。

再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)
4

Como você se chama?

お名前は何ですか？

再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

Mirror Rule

If you are the doer and the receiver, use a reflexive pronoun.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）
🎯

「A gente」の裏ワザ

カジュアルな「私たち (A gente)」を使う時は、nos ではなく se をセットにします。
A gente se vê
(またね) は定番ですよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身への動作 (Verbos Reflexivos)
💬

ブラジル流の 'A Gente'

ブラジルでは 'nós'（私たち）の代わりに 'a gente' をよく使います。'nós' は 'nos' を使いますが、'a gente' は単数扱いなので 'se' を使いますよ！ 例:
A gente se fala
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)

重要な語彙 (5)

lavar-se to wash oneself acordar-se to wake up chamar-se to call oneself (to be named) sentar-se to sit down deitar-se to lie down / go to bed

Real-World Preview

sun

Morning Routine

Review Summary

  • Verb + -se
  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Não + Pronoun + Verb

よくある間違い

In European Portuguese, the hyphen is mandatory for reflexive verbs in the positive form.

Wrong: Eu lavo me.
正解: Eu lavo-me.

Negative words like 'não' act like magnets and pull the pronoun before the verb.

Wrong: Eu não lavo-me.
正解: Eu não me lavo.

Ensure the verb conjugation matches the subject pronoun 'Eu'.

Wrong: Eu chama-me João.
正解: Eu chamo-me João.

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these routines, and you'll be speaking Portuguese with ease in no time.

Write your daily routine in a journal.

Continue to: Shortcuts: Object Pronouns

クイック練習 (6)

Choose the correct form.

Eles ___ vestem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
3rd person plural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）

Fill in the blank.

Eu ___ lavo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
1st person singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）

'se' を正しい位置に入れて文を完成させてください。

Ela não ___ (vestir) bem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se veste
'não' は否定の言葉なので、磁石のように 'se' を動詞の前に引き寄せます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)

'nunca' を使った正しい文を選んでください。

正しい選択肢はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu nunca me esqueço do seu aniversário.
'Nunca' は否定の磁石なので、代名詞 'me' はその直後、かつ動詞の前に来る必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)

フォーマルな場面での間違いを直してください。

Me desculpe pelo atraso. (フォーマルな文脈)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Desculpe-me pelo atraso.
フォーマルな場やポルトガルでは、文を代名詞で始めてはいけません。動詞-代名詞の形を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 再帰代名詞：どこに置く？ (Me lavo vs. Lavo-me)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu lavo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me lavo
Needs reflexive pronoun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の再帰動詞：自分自身に対する動作（-se）

Score: /6

よくある質問 (6)

It shows the action is directed at yourself.
Usually before the verb in Brazil.
いいえ、動作を自分にするなら必要です。me lavo から me を抜くと、何を洗うのか言わなければなりません。
どちらも同じ意味です。Eu me chamo (私は〜と申します) はとても自然でよく使われますよ。
主語が自分自身に対して何かをする時に使う言葉です。例えば Eu me lavo（私は体を洗う）のように、動作が自分に戻ってくるイメージですね。
いいえ！代名詞が動詞の「後ろ」に来る時だけ使います。 Lavo-me なら必要ですが、前にある Me lavo には不要です。
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