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A1 adjective #2,000 よく出る 14分で読める

científico

上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント científico 30秒で

解説 científico in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'científico' is introduced as a highly recognizable cognate for English speakers learning Portuguese. Because it looks and sounds very similar to the English word 'scientific', beginners can easily guess its meaning when they encounter it in simple texts. The primary focus at this stage is basic recognition and understanding that it is an adjective used to describe things related to science. Learners are taught to pair it with common, simple nouns they are also learning, such as 'livro' (book), 'estudo' (study), or 'método' (method). For example, a beginner might learn to say 'um livro científico' (a scientific book). The grammatical focus is on the fundamental rule of gender agreement: recognizing that 'científico' ends in '-o' and therefore modifies masculine nouns, while 'científica' ends in '-a' and modifies feminine nouns. Plural forms are generally introduced later, but the concept of matching the ending to the noun is paramount. At this level, students are not expected to use the word in complex debates but rather to identify it in short reading passages, perhaps about a famous scientist or a basic school subject. It serves as a confidence-building word because of its transparency, helping learners feel that Portuguese vocabulary is accessible and logical.

As learners progress to the A2 level, their ability to use 'científico' actively in sentences expands significantly. They move beyond mere recognition and start constructing simple sentences to express facts or describe objects and concepts. The grammatical focus deepens to include plural forms: 'científicos' and 'científicas'. Students practice ensuring that the adjective agrees in both gender and number with the noun it modifies, such as in 'os estudos científicos' (the scientific studies) or 'as revistas científicas' (the scientific magazines). At this stage, learners are introduced to common collocations—words that frequently appear together. They learn phrases like 'artigo científico' (scientific article) and 'pesquisa científica' (scientific research). The context of usage broadens to include basic discussions about education, news, and general knowledge. For instance, a student might write a short paragraph about their favorite school subject, stating, 'Eu gosto de ler artigos científicos sobre animais' (I like to read scientific articles about animals). They also learn to position the adjective correctly, consistently placing it after the noun, which reinforces standard Portuguese syntax. The word becomes a practical tool for describing the world around them in a slightly more formal register than everyday slang.

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At the B1 level, 'científico' becomes a crucial vocabulary word for expressing opinions, discussing current events, and consuming media in Portuguese. Learners are now expected to understand and participate in conversations about broader societal topics, such as health, technology, and the environment. In these contexts, 'científico' is used to differentiate between facts and opinions. Students learn to use phrases like 'comprovação científica' (scientific proof) or 'base científica' (scientific basis) to argue a point or evaluate information. For example, they might say, 'Essa dieta não tem base científica' (This diet has no scientific basis). The vocabulary surrounding the word becomes more sophisticated, incorporating verbs like 'provar' (to prove), 'descobrir' (to discover), and 'analisar' (to analyze). Learners also encounter the adverbial form 'cientificamente' (scientifically) and practice using it to modify verbs, as in 'Isso foi provado cientificamente' (This was proven scientifically). Reading comprehension exercises at this level often include simplified news articles or popular science texts where 'científico' is a recurring theme. The goal is for students to feel comfortable using the word to navigate informational texts and express logical, reasoned thoughts in intermediate-level discussions.

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Reaching the B2 level signifies a transition to more abstract and nuanced usage of 'científico'. Learners are now dealing with complex texts, authentic news broadcasts, and academic or professional discussions. The word is used to discuss concepts like 'consenso científico' (scientific consensus), 'rigor científico' (scientific rigor), and 'método científico' (scientific method) in depth. Students are expected to understand the implications of these terms in debates about controversial topics, such as climate change or public health policies. They learn to recognize and use the word in various registers, understanding when it adds necessary formality and authority to an argument. At this stage, learners can comfortably read authentic scientific journalism and understand the subtleties of how research is reported in Portuguese. They might write essays arguing for or against a specific technological advancement, using 'científico' to bolster their claims. The focus is on precision and fluency. Mistakes in gender or number agreement with this word should be rare by this point. Furthermore, learners expand their vocabulary to include related academic terms, distinguishing 'científico' from synonyms like 'empírico' or 'acadêmico', and using them accurately to convey specific meanings in upper-intermediate communication.

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At the C1 level, the use of 'científico' is expected to be near-native, characterized by high precision, varied vocabulary, and a deep understanding of academic and formal registers. Learners at this stage are often reading original research papers, listening to university lectures, or participating in high-level professional meetings in Portuguese. The word 'científico' is integrated seamlessly into complex sentence structures. Students use advanced collocations such as 'paradigma científico' (scientific paradigm), 'comunidade científica internacional' (international scientific community), and 'literatura científica' (scientific literature). They are capable of discussing the philosophy of science, the ethics of research, and the methodological flaws in a study. In writing, they can produce well-structured academic essays or reports where 'científico' is used to establish a scholarly tone. They understand the subtle stylistic choices, such as occasionally placing the adjective before the noun for rhetorical effect in highly literary contexts, though they know this is rare. The adverb 'cientificamente' is used effortlessly to qualify statements. At this level, the challenge is not just grammatical correctness, but stylistic appropriateness—knowing exactly when and how to deploy 'científico' to sound authoritative, objective, and intellectually rigorous in advanced discourse.

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At the C2 level, mastery of 'científico' involves a profound understanding of its epistemological weight and cultural implications within the Portuguese-speaking world. Learners operate at the highest level of fluency, capable of engaging in philosophical debates about the nature of knowledge itself. They can dissect texts that critique the 'establishment científico' or discuss the historical evolution of 'pensamento científico' (scientific thought) from the Enlightenment to the modern era. The vocabulary is highly specialized, encompassing terms from epistemology, methodology, and specific scientific disciplines. A C2 speaker can effortlessly navigate the nuances between 'conhecimento científico' (scientific knowledge) and 'senso comum' (common sense), articulating complex arguments about validity, reproducibility, and peer review. They can write dissertations, deliver keynote speeches, or publish articles in Portuguese where the word is used with absolute precision. Furthermore, they understand the sociolinguistic aspects of the word—how it can be used to legitimize or delegitimize arguments in political discourse. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, 'científico' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool used to analyze, deconstruct, and contribute to the highest levels of intellectual and academic conversation in the Portuguese language.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

científico 30秒で

Means 'scientific' in English.
Must agree in gender and number.
Used mostly in academic and news contexts.
Pronounced with stress on the 'TÍ'.

The Portuguese word científico is an essential adjective that translates directly to 'scientific' in English. It is used to describe anything related to science, its methodology, its principles, or its applications. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to navigate academic, medical, technological, or even daily news contexts in Portuguese-speaking countries. The term derives from the Latin 'scientificus', which combines 'scientia' (knowledge) and 'facere' (to make or do), essentially meaning 'that which produces knowledge'. In modern Portuguese, it carries a weight of authority, rigor, and objective truth. When a claim is described as 'científico', it implies that it has been tested, verified, and subjected to rigorous peer review. This distinguishes it from opinions, beliefs, or anecdotal evidence. The word is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of societies that value education and progress, serving as a benchmark for validity in debates ranging from climate change to public health. Furthermore, the adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies, resulting in forms like 'científica' (feminine singular), 'científicos' (masculine plural), and 'científicas' (feminine plural). This morphological flexibility is a fundamental aspect of Romance languages and requires careful attention from learners. Beyond its strict academic usage, 'científico' is often employed in everyday conversations to emphasize that something is logical, systematic, or based on hard facts. For instance, one might jokingly refer to their highly organized method of packing a suitcase as a 'método científico'. This colloquial extension of the word demonstrates its versatility and the high regard in which scientific thinking is held. In the context of language learning, mastering 'científico' opens doors to a vast vocabulary of related terms, such as 'ciência' (science), 'cientista' (scientist), and 'cientificamente' (scientifically). It also facilitates comprehension of complex texts, documentaries, and intellectual discussions. The importance of this word cannot be overstated, as it forms the cornerstone of rational discourse in the Portuguese language. Whether you are reading a breaking news article about a medical breakthrough in São Paulo or discussing environmental policies in Lisbon, 'científico' is a word you will encounter repeatedly. Its pronunciation, with the stress on the antepenultimate syllable (indicated by the acute accent on the 'i'), also provides an excellent opportunity to practice Portuguese phonetics and accentuation rules. In summary, 'científico' is more than just a translation of 'scientific'; it is a linguistic key that unlocks a world of objective knowledge, critical thinking, and advanced communication in Portuguese.

Etymology: From Latin 'scientificus', meaning producing knowledge.

O avanço científico mudou a medicina moderna de forma irreversível e profunda.

Core Meaning: Relating to the systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

A pesquisa requer um rigor científico absoluto para ser publicada na revista.

Usage Context: Primarily used in academic, medical, environmental, and technological discussions.

Não há consenso científico sobre os efeitos a longo prazo deste fenômeno.

O estudo científico foi conduzido por pesquisadores da universidade federal.

Precisamos de um embasamento científico antes de tomar qualquer decisão política.

Using the word científico correctly in Portuguese involves understanding its grammatical properties as an adjective. In Portuguese, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, and 'científico' is no exception. You will almost always see it placed directly after the noun, as in 'artigo científico' (scientific article) or 'comunidade científica' (scientific community). Placing it before the noun (e.g., 'o científico método') is highly unusual, sounds unnatural, and is generally reserved for poetic or highly stylized literary contexts, which are rare for this specific word. The most critical rule to remember is gender and number agreement. If the noun is masculine singular, use 'científico' (o projeto científico). If the noun is feminine singular, use 'científica' (a teoria científica). For masculine plural, it becomes 'científicos' (os dados científicos), and for feminine plural, 'científicas' (as descobertas científicas). This agreement is non-negotiable and is one of the most common areas where learners make mistakes. Furthermore, 'científico' is often used in conjunction with specific verbs that denote research, proof, or analysis. Common verb collocations include 'comprovar' (to prove), 'demonstrar' (to demonstrate), 'analisar' (to analyze), and 'publicar' (to publish). For example, 'O estudo comprovou cientificamente...' (The study proved scientifically...). Note the use of the adverbial form 'cientificamente' here, which is created by taking the feminine form 'científica' and adding the suffix '-mente'. This adverb is incredibly useful when you want to describe how an action is performed. In terms of sentence structure, 'científico' often appears in prepositional phrases or as part of a compound subject. For instance, 'A falta de rigor científico é um problema' (The lack of scientific rigor is a problem). It is also frequently used in debates or argumentative essays to establish credibility. Phrases like 'De um ponto de vista científico...' (From a scientific point of view...) or 'Segundo o consenso científico...' (According to the scientific consensus...) are excellent transitional phrases for advanced speakers. When writing academic papers in Portuguese, this word will be one of your most frequently used adjectives. It is essential to ensure that the surrounding vocabulary matches the formal register that 'científico' usually demands. Using slang or overly colloquial terms in the same sentence as 'científico' can create a jarring stylistic clash. Therefore, pairing it with words like 'metodologia', 'hipótese', 'evidência', and 'análise' will help maintain a consistent and professional tone. By mastering these grammatical rules and collocations, you will be able to use 'científico' with the confidence and precision of a native speaker.

Placement: Always place 'científico' after the noun it modifies in standard Portuguese.

Ele publicou um artigo científico muito importante no ano passado.

Agreement: Must agree in gender (o/a) and number (s) with the noun.

As bases científicas desta teoria são muito sólidas e inquestionáveis.

Formal Register: Pair with formal vocabulary like 'evidência', 'rigor', and 'metodologia'.

O rigor científico é essencial para evitar conclusões precipitadas ou falsas.

Eles apresentaram dados científicos para apoiar a nova legislação ambiental.

A comunidade científica internacional rejeitou as alegações do pesquisador independente.

The word científico is ubiquitous in modern Portuguese, appearing across a wide spectrum of media, professional environments, and everyday conversations. Its most natural habitat is, of course, within the walls of academia. In universities across Brazil, Portugal, and other Lusophone countries, you will hear professors discussing 'projetos científicos', students agonizing over their 'iniciação científica' (undergraduate research), and researchers debating the 'mérito científico' of a new publication. It is the language of laboratories, libraries, and lecture halls. However, its usage extends far beyond the ivory tower. In journalism, 'científico' is a buzzword used to lend credibility to news reports. Whether watching the 'Jornal Nacional' in Brazil or 'Telejornal' in Portugal, you will frequently hear anchors reference 'estudos científicos' when reporting on health trends, climate change, or technological innovations. During global crises, such as pandemics, the phrase 'comunidade científica' becomes a daily staple in the news cycle, representing the collective voice of experts. You will also encounter this word extensively in the medical field. Doctors and healthcare professionals use it to explain treatments to patients, ensuring them that a procedure has 'comprovação científica' (scientific backing). In the realm of science popularization, YouTube channels, podcasts, and documentaries heavily rely on this adjective to bridge the gap between complex research and the general public. Even in casual settings, the word makes an appearance. People might debate the 'base científica' of a new fad diet or a controversial skincare routine. In these everyday contexts, 'científico' is often used as a synonym for 'proven', 'reliable', or 'logical'. Furthermore, in the corporate world, especially in sectors like pharmaceuticals, engineering, and IT, 'desenvolvimento científico' is a key metric for progress and investment. Understanding where and how this word is used provides valuable insight into the cultural priorities of Portuguese-speaking societies, highlighting a collective respect for empirical evidence and structured inquiry. By paying attention to these contexts, learners can better grasp the nuances of the word and deploy it appropriately in their own conversations, whether they are defending a thesis or simply chatting about the latest space exploration news with friends.

Academia: The primary domain for this word, used in universities and research institutes.

A universidade investiu milhões no novo centro de desenvolvimento científico.

Journalism: Used by news anchors to validate reports on health, environment, and tech.

O telejornal apresentou um relatório científico sobre as mudanças climáticas globais.

Everyday Conversation: Used to question the validity of diets, rumors, or unconventional methods.

Essa dieta maluca não tem nenhum embasamento científico, é perigosa.

O documentário explora o método científico usado para datar os fósseis antigos.

A médica garantiu que o tratamento possui rigoroso respaldo científico internacional.

While científico is a relatively straightforward cognate for English speakers, there are several common pitfalls that learners frequently encounter. The most prevalent mistake is failing to agree the adjective with the noun in gender and number. Because 'scientific' in English never changes its form, English speakers often default to the masculine singular 'científico' regardless of the noun. This leads to grammatically incorrect phrases like 'a pesquisa científico' instead of the correct 'a pesquisa científica', or 'os dados científico' instead of 'os dados científicos'. This error instantly marks the speaker as a non-native and can disrupt the flow of a formal presentation. Another significant issue is pronunciation, specifically regarding the accent mark. The acute accent on the 'i' (í) dictates that the stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable: ci-en-TÍ-fi-co. Many learners mistakenly stress the second syllable (ci-EN-ti-fi-co) or the penultimate syllable (ci-en-ti-FI-co), which sounds unnatural. Furthermore, omitting the accent in writing is a spelling error that can occasionally lead to confusion. Although rare, there is a verb form 'cientifico' (I notify/inform, from the verb 'cientificar'), which is stressed on the penultimate syllable. Writing 'cientifico' when you mean 'científico' changes the word from an adjective to a verb. Another common mistake involves word order. As mentioned previously, adjectives in Portuguese generally follow the noun. Saying 'o científico método' instead of 'o método científico' is a direct translation from English syntax that sounds very awkward in Portuguese. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'científico' with related words like 'cientista' (scientist). You cannot say 'Ele é um homem científico' to mean 'He is a scientist'; you must say 'Ele é um cientista'. 'Homem científico' would mean a man who operates in a scientific manner, which is an odd phrasing. Lastly, there is a tendency to overuse the word in contexts where other adjectives might be more precise. For example, describing a highly organized desk as 'científica' is an exaggeration; 'organizada' or 'sistemática' would be better choices unless you are making a deliberate joke. By paying close attention to gender agreement, accentuation, word order, and precise vocabulary selection, learners can avoid these common mistakes and use 'científico' with accuracy and elegance.

Gender Mismatch: Using the masculine form for feminine nouns (e.g., 'a descoberta científico' instead of 'científica').

A revista científica publicou os resultados ontem. (Correct usage)

Missing Accent: Forgetting the acute accent on the 'í', which changes the pronunciation and potentially the meaning.

O trabalho científico exige muita dedicação e paciência. (Correct spelling)

Wrong Word Order: Placing the adjective before the noun, mimicking English syntax.

Eles usaram um método científico rigoroso. (Correct order)

Os avanços científicos da última década são impressionantes. (Correct plural agreement)

A análise científica dos dados demorou meses para ser concluída. (Correct feminine agreement)

To enrich your vocabulary and express yourself with greater precision in Portuguese, it is helpful to understand the synonyms and related terms for científico. While 'científico' is the broad term for anything related to science, other words can capture specific nuances of methodology, academia, or logic. The word 'acadêmico' (academic) is frequently used interchangeably with 'científico' in university contexts, though 'acadêmico' refers more broadly to higher education and scholarship, whereas 'científico' strictly implies the scientific method. For example, an 'artigo acadêmico' might be about literature, but an 'artigo científico' is usually about empirical research. Another closely related term is 'empírico' (empirical), which specifically denotes knowledge gained through observation and experimentation rather than theory. You might say that a study has 'evidência empírica', which is a core component of being 'científico'. The word 'tecnológico' (technological) is also adjacent; while science (científico) seeks to understand the natural world, technology (tecnológico) applies that understanding to create tools. They often appear together in phrases like 'desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico'. If you want to emphasize the strict, organized nature of science, words like 'sistemático' (systematic), 'rigoroso' (rigorous), or 'metodológico' (methodological) are excellent alternatives. Describing an investigation as 'sistemática' implies it followed a strict, step-by-step process, much like a scientific endeavor. On the other hand, 'teórico' (theoretical) is often contrasted with 'científico' in casual speech, although theoretical physics is highly scientific. In everyday language, if someone wants to say an explanation is logical and based on facts, they might use 'objetivo' (objective) or 'exato' (exact) instead of 'científico'. Understanding these subtle distinctions allows you to tailor your language to the specific context. If you are writing a formal paper, distinguishing between 'empírico' and 'teórico' shows advanced comprehension. If you are reading the news, recognizing that 'avanço tecnológico' and 'descoberta científica' are related but distinct concepts will improve your reading comprehension. By building a network of related vocabulary around 'científico', you not only avoid repetition but also elevate the sophistication of your Portuguese.

Acadêmico vs Científico: 'Acadêmico' relates to universities and education; 'científico' relates specifically to the scientific method.

O debate científico ocorreu durante o congresso acadêmico anual.

Empírico: Focuses strictly on observation and experiment, a subset of scientific work.

Precisamos de dados empíricos para validar este modelo científico.

Tecnológico: Relates to the application of science for practical purposes.

O progresso científico impulsiona o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país.

A abordagem sistemática e científica garantiu o sucesso do experimento complexo.

O conhecimento científico difere do conhecimento popular por sua objetividade e método.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Adjective-Noun Agreement (Gender and Number)

Adjective Placement in Portuguese

Rules of Accentuation (Proparoxítonas - all are accented)

Formation of Adverbs ending in '-mente'

Passive Voice (often used in scientific writing)

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レベル別の例文

O livro é científico.

The book is scientific.

Matches masculine singular noun 'livro'.

A revista é científica.

The magazine is scientific.

Matches feminine singular noun 'revista'.

Eu leio um texto científico.

I read a scientific text.

Adjective placed after the noun.

O estudo é muito científico.

The study is very scientific.

Used with the verb 'ser' (to be).

Ela gosta do método científico.

She likes the scientific method.

Common collocation: método científico.

É um canal científico.

It is a scientific channel.

Describing media.

O projeto científico é bom.

The scientific project is good.

Basic sentence structure.

Eu vejo um filme científico.

I see a scientific film.

Simple vocabulary pairing.

Os artigos científicos são difíceis de ler.

Scientific articles are hard to read.

Masculine plural agreement.

Nós fazemos pesquisas científicas na escola.

We do scientific research at school.

Feminine plural agreement.

O cientista publicou um estudo científico ontem.

The scientist published a scientific study yesterday.

Used with past tense verb 'publicou'.

Você conhece alguma revista científica famosa?

Do you know any famous scientific magazine?

Used in a question.

O avanço científico ajuda a medicina.

Scientific advancement helps medicine.

Subject of the sentence.

Eles usam um vocabulário muito científico.

They use a very scientific vocabulary.

Modified by 'muito'.

A feira científica da escola foi um sucesso.

The school's scientific fair was a success.

Describing an event.

Eu preciso de dados científicos para o trabalho.

I need scientific data for the assignment.

Common collocation: dados científicos.

Não há comprovação científica de que isso funcione.

There is no scientific proof that this works.

Phrase: comprovação científica.

A comunidade científica está preocupada com o clima.

The scientific community is worried about the climate.

Collective noun phrase.

O artigo foi revisado por um comitê científico.

The article was reviewed by a scientific committee.

Passive voice construction.

Precisamos analisar o problema de um ponto de vista científico.

We need to analyze the problem from a scientific point of view.

Prepositional phrase for perspective.

A descoberta científica mudou a forma como vivemos.

The scientific discovery changed the way we live.

Describing impact.

Ele explicou o fenômeno cientificamente.

He explained the phenomenon scientifically.

Use of the adverb form.

O rigor científico desta pesquisa é impressionante.

The scientific rigor of this research is impressive.

Abstract noun collocation.

Muitos debates na internet carecem de embasamento científico.

Many internet debates lack scientific grounding.

Formal vocabulary: embasamento.

O consenso científico atual aponta para a necessidade de redução de emissões.

The current scientific consensus points to the need for emission reductions.

Advanced collocation: consenso científico.

A validade científica do experimento foi questionada pelos pares.

The scientific validity of the experiment was questioned by peers.

Academic context: peer review.

É fundamental distinguir entre conhecimento empírico e rigor científico.

It is fundamental to distinguish between empirical knowledge and scientific rigor.

Contrasting concepts.

A revista exige que todos os artigos sigam uma formatação científica estrita.

The journal requires all articles to follow strict scientific formatting.

Describing rules and standards.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico depende fortemente da pesquisa científica básica.

Technological development depends heavily on basic scientific research.

Linking related fields.

Eles adotaram uma abordagem científica para resolver a crise de saúde pública.

They adopted a scientific approach to solve the public health crisis.

Problem-solving context.

A divulgação científica é essencial para combater a desinformação na sociedade.

Scientific popularization is essential to combat misinformation in society.

Term: divulgação científica (science communication).

Os parâmetros científicos utilizados no estudo foram atualizados recentemente.

The scientific parameters used in the study were recently updated.

Technical vocabulary.

A refutabilidade é um critério indispensável para que uma teoria seja considerada de cunho científico.

Falsifiability is an indispensable criterion for a theory to be considered of a scientific nature.

Complex academic phrasing: 'de cunho científico'.

O artigo propõe uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica pertinente ao tema.

The article proposes a systematic review of the scientific literature pertinent to the theme.

Formal academic writing style.

A hegemonia do atual paradigma científico está sendo desafiada por novas descobertas quânticas.

The hegemony of the current scientific paradigm is being challenged by new quantum discoveries.

Advanced vocabulary: paradigma, hegemonia.

É imperativo que a metodologia empregada mantenha a integridade e o rigor científico irretocáveis.

It is imperative that the methodology employed maintains flawless integrity and scientific rigor.

Use of strong adjectives: irretocáveis.

O negacionismo científico representa uma ameaça tangível às políticas de saúde pública contemporâneas.

Scientific denialism represents a tangible threat to contemporary public health policies.

Sociopolitical context: negacionismo científico.

A epistemologia foca em compreender os limites e a validade do conhecimento científico.

Epistemology focuses on understanding the limits and validity of scientific knowledge.

Philosophical context.

Os dados foram extrapolados além do que o escopo científico do projeto permitia.

The data were extrapolated beyond what the scientific scope of the project allowed.

Critique of methodology.

A interdisciplinaridade é cada vez mais exigida no fazer científico moderno.

Interdisciplinarity is increasingly demanded in modern scientific practice.

Expression: 'fazer científico' (scientific practice/doing).

A demarcação entre o que constitui um empreendimento genuinamente científico e a pseudociência permanece um debate epistemológico central.

The demarcation between what constitutes a genuinely scientific endeavor and pseudoscience remains a central epistemological debate.

Highly formal, philosophical discourse.

O reducionismo científico, embora metodologicamente fecundo, muitas vezes falha em capturar a complexidade holística dos sistemas biológicos.

Scientific reductionism, although methodologically fecund, often fails to capture the holistic complexity of biological systems.

Critique of scientific philosophy.

A instrumentalização do discurso científico para fins políticos subverte a própria essência da busca desinteressada pela verdade.

The instrumentalization of scientific discourse for political ends subverts the very essence of the disinterested search for truth.

Sociological analysis of science.

A incomensurabilidade dos paradigmas científicos, conforme postulada por Kuhn, sugere que o progresso não é estritamente cumulativo.

The incommensurability of scientific paradigms, as postulated by Kuhn, suggests that progress is not strictly cumulative.

Reference to specific philosophy of science.

O rigor científico não deve ser um obstáculo à audácia especulativa, mas sim o crivo pelo qual ela é validada.

Scientific rigor should not be an obstacle to speculative audacity, but rather the sieve through which it is validated.

Poetic and highly advanced phrasing.

A ontologia subjacente a este modelo científico pressupõe um determinismo que a física contemporânea já refutou.

The ontology underlying this scientific model presupposes a determinism that contemporary physics has already refuted.

Deep academic critique.

A práxis científica é inerentemente social, permeada por vieses cognitivos e pressões institucionais inegáveis.

Scientific praxis is inherently social, permeated by undeniable cognitive biases and institutional pressures.

Sociology of scientific knowledge.

O hermetismo do jargão científico frequentemente atua como uma barreira excludente à democratização do saber.

The hermeticism of scientific jargon frequently acts as an exclusionary barrier to the democratization of knowledge.

Critical analysis of scientific communication.

よく使う組み合わせ

método científico

pesquisa científica

artigo científico

comunidade científica

comprovação científica

rigor científico

consenso científico

estudo científico

conhecimento científico

descoberta científica

よく使うフレーズ

comprovado cientificamente

sem base científica

de um ponto de vista científico

com rigor científico

segundo estudos científicos

a comunidade científica concorda

falta de evidência científica

avanço científico e tecnológico

iniciação científica

divulgação científica

よく混同される語

científico vs cientista (scientist - noun)

científico vs ciência (science - noun)

científico vs cientifico (I notify - verb, no accent)

慣用句と表現

"não é ciência de foguetes (not exactly using the word, but related to science)"

"com precisão cirúrgica (often used alongside scientific contexts)"

"fazer a prova dos nove (mathematical/scientific proof concept)"

"ser a cobaia (to be the guinea pig in a scientific test)"

"estar no laboratório (working hard on something)"

"ter química (scientific metaphor for relationship)"

"estar em fase de testes (scientific process metaphor)"

"ser uma equação complexa (scientific/math metaphor)"

"descobrir a pólvora (sarcastic scientific discovery)"

"inventar a roda (redundant scientific effort)"

間違えやすい

científico vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuances

Implies a high level of rigor and truth. Calling something 'não científico' (unscientific) is a strong criticism.

formality

Generally formal, but commonly used in everyday speech when discussing facts or news.

よくある間違い

Saying 'a pesquisa científico' instead of 'a pesquisa científica'.
Pronouncing the stress on the 'fi' (ci-en-ti-FI-co) instead of the 'tí'.
Writing 'cientifico' without the accent mark.
Saying 'o científico método' instead of 'o método científico'.
Using 'científico' to mean 'scientist' (which should be 'cientista').

ヒント

Match the Gender

Always look at the noun first. If it's 'o projeto', use 'científico'. If it's 'a pesquisa', use 'científica'. This is the most common mistake for beginners.

Hit the TÍ

The stress is on the 'TÍ'. Practice saying it slowly: ci-en-TÍ-fi-co. Hitting the right syllable makes you sound much more fluent.

Don't Forget the Accent

The acute accent (´) on the 'i' is not optional. It is a strict spelling rule in Portuguese for words with this stress pattern.

Learn the Collocations

Memorize phrases, not just the word. Learn 'método científico' and 'artigo científico' as single chunks of vocabulary.

Use the Adverb

If you want to say something was done in a scientific way, use 'cientificamente'. E.g., 'Foi provado cientificamente'.

Noun First, Adjective Second

Resist the urge to translate English word order directly. It is 'estudo científico', never 'científico estudo'.

Read the News

To see this word in action, read the science or health section of a Portuguese or Brazilian news website. You will see it constantly.

Formal Tone

Using 'científico' elevates the formality of your sentence. Use it when you want to sound objective and serious.

Not a Person

Never use 'científico' to refer to a person. A person who does science is a 'cientista'.

Watch Documentaries

Watch Portuguese-dubbed science documentaries. You will hear 'científico' and 'científica' repeated dozens of times, helping cement the pronunciation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a SCIENTIst holding a FIG. SCIENTI-FI-CO.

語源

Latin

文化的な背景

In Brazil, 'iniciação científica' (IC) is a very common term for undergraduate research programs, highly valued in the academic culture.

In Portugal, the 'comunidade científica' is highly influential in public policy, especially regarding environmental and maritime issues.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Você leu aquele artigo científico sobre o sono?"

"Acha que essa nova dieta tem alguma base científica?"

"Qual foi a maior descoberta científica deste século, na sua opinião?"

"Você confia no consenso científico sobre as mudanças climáticas?"

"Como podemos melhorar a divulgação científica no nosso país?"

日記のテーマ

Escreva sobre um avanço científico que mudou a sua vida.

Qual é a importância do método científico na sociedade moderna?

Descreva um projeto científico que você fez na escola.

Como você diferencia uma informação científica de uma fake news?

Se você fosse um cientista, qual área científica você estudaria?

よくある質問

10 問

It is an adjective. It is used to describe nouns, such as 'um método científico' (a scientific method). The noun form for the field of study is 'ciência' (science), and the noun for the person is 'cientista' (scientist).

Yes, the acute accent on the 'í' is mandatory. In Portuguese, words stressed on the antepenultimate syllable (proparoxítonas) must always have an accent. Without it, the word is misspelled and could be confused with the verb form 'cientifico'.

It is highly discouraged. In standard Portuguese, descriptive adjectives like 'científico' almost always follow the noun. Saying 'o científico método' sounds very unnatural to a native speaker.

You use the adverb form 'cientificamente'. To form this, you take the feminine singular form of the adjective ('científica') and add the suffix '-mente'.

'Acadêmico' refers broadly to anything related to schools, universities, or education. 'Científico' refers strictly to the scientific method, empirical research, and hard sciences. An art history paper is academic, but a biology paper is both academic and scientific.

Because Portuguese is a Romance language, adjectives must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the noun they describe. So you have científico, científica, científicos, and científicas.

The word 'cientista' is invariable in its ending; it is always 'cientista'. You indicate the gender with the article: 'o cientista' (the male scientist) or 'a cientista' (the female scientist). However, 'científico' changes its ending (-o/-a).

In most dialects of Portuguese, 'ci' is pronounced like 'si' in English 'sit'. In some parts of Brazil, the 'tí' is pronounced as a 'chee' sound, making it 'si-en-CHEE-fi-co'.

It is a specific term used in Brazil for undergraduate research programs. It literally translates to 'scientific initiation' and is a common extracurricular activity for university students.

Not the word itself, but calling someone's argument 'pouco científico' (unscientific) or saying it lacks 'rigor científico' is a strong intellectual criticism, implying they are being illogical or making things up.

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