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A1 verb #1,500 よく出る 9分で読める

Gastar

上位1,500

At the A1 level, 'gastar' is primarily used to talk about spending money in simple, everyday transactions. Learners should focus on the present tense and basic sentences like 'Eu gasto muito' (I spend a lot) or 'Quanto você gasta?' (How much do you spend?). It is a crucial verb for shopping, traveling, and discussing basic budgets. At this stage, the focus is on the literal exchange of money for goods. Learners also begin to see it in the context of 'gastar tempo', though 'passar tempo' is often introduced simultaneously. The goal is to recognize the verb in a store or restaurant setting.

By A2, the learner expands 'gastar' to include more resources like time and electricity. You will start using it with prepositions: 'gastar em' (spending on things) and 'gastar com' (spending on people/services). The past tense (Pretérito Perfeito) becomes essential: 'Ontem eu gastei muito dinheiro'. You also learn to describe the consumption of household resources, such as 'gastar muita água' or 'gastar luz'. The concept of 'wearing out' might be introduced in simple contexts, like 'gastar os sapatos'.

At the B1 level, the nuance of 'gastar' versus 'passar' (for time) and 'desperdiçar' (for wasting) becomes important. The learner uses 'gastar' to describe physical wear and tear more confidently: 'Esta peça está gasta'. You also begin to use the reflexive form 'gastar-se' to describe things that deplete themselves. The distinction between the participles 'gastado' (active) and 'gasto' (adjective/passive) is a key focus. B1 learners use 'gastar' in more complex sentence structures, including the conditional and subjunctive moods to express hypothetical spending.

B2 learners use 'gastar' in abstract and metaphorical ways. Phrases like 'gastar a paciência' (to run out of patience) or 'gastar o latim' (to speak in vain) enter the vocabulary. The verb is used to discuss economic trends, government spending, and environmental sustainability. There is a deeper understanding of the difference between 'gastar' and 'despender' (formal). The learner can discuss the 'desgaste' (wear/attrition) of relationships or political capital. Complex grammar, like the future subjunctive ('se eu gastar...'), is used fluently.

At C1, 'gastar' is used with stylistic precision. The speaker understands the subtle connotations of waste versus investment. They can use the verb in literary contexts, describing the 'spending' of a life or the 'wearing away' of a soul. The reflexive 'gastar-se' is used to describe existential depletion. C1 learners are familiar with idiomatic expressions and can use 'gastar' to describe social dynamics, such as 'gastar alguém' (teasing) in Brazilian slang, while maintaining the appropriate register for the situation.

C2 proficiency involves a total mastery of 'gastar' in all its polysemic glory. The speaker can navigate the most formal economic reports using 'despender' and 'gastar' interchangeably for stylistic variety. They understand the etymological roots and how they relate to other Romance languages. In creative writing, they use 'gastar' to evoke imagery of erosion, decay, and the passage of time. The distinction between 'gasto' and 'gastado' is second nature, and the speaker can use the verb to express the finest nuances of effort, resource management, and physical degradation.

練習する例文メモとヒント

Gastar 30秒で

Gastar means to spend money or use up resources.
It is also used for physical wear and tear of objects.
Commonly used with prepositions 'em' and 'com'.
Different from 'passar' when referring to pleasant time.

The Portuguese verb gastar is a fundamental pillar of daily communication, primarily translating to 'to spend' or 'to use up'. At its core, it describes the consumption of resources, whether those resources are tangible like money and fuel, or intangible like time and energy. In the context of finance, it is the direct equivalent of the English 'to spend', used when purchasing goods or services. However, its semantic range extends significantly further into the realm of physical wear and tear.

Financial Consumption: The act of exchanging currency for products or experiences. Example: 'Gastei vinte euros no almoço.'

Não quero gastar todas as minhas economias nesta viagem.

Beyond money, gastar is the standard verb for 'spending' time, though it often carries a slightly more utilitarian or even negative connotation compared to 'passar' (to pass time). If you 'gasta tempo' on something, you are consuming that time as a resource. Furthermore, it describes the process of erosion or degradation. When you walk long distances, you 'gasta os sapatos' (wear out your shoes). This physical aspect is crucial for reaching a B1 or B2 level of proficiency.

Physical Erosion: The gradual destruction or thinning of a material through use. Example: 'O uso constante gastou o tapete.'

Ela gastou as solas das botas de tanto caminhar.

In more abstract senses, gastar can refer to the depletion of patience, health, or even a person's spirit. It implies a finite supply being reduced. In Brazilian Portuguese, it can also be used colloquially to mean 'to tease' or 'to make fun of' someone (gastar alguém), though this is highly informal. Understanding the breadth of this verb allows a learner to move from simple transactions to describing the inevitable decay of physical objects and the strategic allocation of human effort.

Abstract Depletion: Using up non-physical resources like energy or patience. Example: 'Este trabalho gasta a minha paciência.'

Nós gastamos muita energia discutindo coisas inúteis.

O motor gasta muito óleo.

Você gastou o seu latim à toa.

Using gastar correctly requires understanding its prepositional needs and its reflexive forms. As a regular '-ar' verb, its conjugation is straightforward, but the nuances of 'gastar em' versus 'gastar com' are vital for natural-sounding Portuguese. Generally, 'gastar em' is used for the object or category of expenditure, while 'gastar com' often implies the recipient or the reason behind the spending.

Preposition: EM: Used for specific items or categories. Example: 'Gastei muito em roupas.'

Eu gasto metade do meu salário no aluguel.

When discussing the 'wear and tear' aspect, the verb is often used transitively. For example, 'O tempo gasta as pedras' (Time wears away the stones). In this context, there is no preposition between the verb and the object. However, when the verb becomes reflexive—gastar-se—it describes the process of the subject itself becoming worn out or exhausted. This is common in literary or philosophical contexts.

Preposition: COM: Used for people or general causes. Example: 'Gastei muito com os meus filhos.'

Não gaste seu tempo com quem não merece.

In Brazilian Portuguese, you will frequently hear the gerund form 'gastando' to describe ongoing actions. 'Estou gastando muito ultimamente' (I've been spending a lot lately). In Portugal, the 'a + infinitive' construction is preferred: 'Estou a gastar muito'. Both are grammatically correct but regionally distinct. Additionally, when used with 'à toa' (in vain), it emphasizes the wastefulness of the action.

Reflexive Usage: To describe something wearing itself out. Example: 'A vela gastou-se até ao fim.'

As peças da máquina gastam-se com o atrito.

Ele gastou todo o combustível.

Nós gastamos horas no trânsito.

You will encounter gastar in almost every facet of Lusophone life. In the commercial world, it is the language of budgeting and accounting. Shopkeepers might ask how much you want to spend, or financial news will report on government spending ('gastos públicos'). In the domestic sphere, parents often warn children about 'spending' too much electricity or water, making it a staple of household management vocabulary.

The Marketplace: Discussions about prices, budgets, and consumer habits. Example: 'Quanto você pretende gastar?'

O governo precisa reduzir o que gasta com burocracia.

In industrial or mechanical settings, gastar is used to describe the maintenance of machinery. Mechanics will talk about 'peças gastas' (worn-out parts). In a social context, particularly in Brazil, 'gastar' is used slangily to describe someone who is showing off or 'spending' their charisma or money to impress others. It also appears in the common phrase 'gastar o latim', which means to try hard to explain something to someone who doesn't understand or care.

Mechanical/Technical: Describing the wear of components. Example: 'Os pneus estão muito gastos.'

Não gaste sua voz com quem não quer ouvir.

In casual conversation, 'gastar' is often used to express frustration about wasted efforts. 'Gastei o dia inteiro nisso' (I spent the whole day on this) implies a significant investment of energy. It is also found in environmental discussions regarding the consumption of natural resources, such as 'gastar água' or 'gastar energia elétrica'. Whether in a bank, a garage, or a living room, the verb remains a constant presence in the Portuguese-speaking world.

Environmental Context: Discussing the use of resources. Example: 'Temos que parar de gastar tanta água.'

A lâmpada gasta pouca eletricidade.

Ele adora gastar os amigos.

Quanto você gastou no conserto?

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the confusion between gastar and passar when referring to time. In English, we 'spend' time, but in Portuguese, 'passar tempo' is much more common for general duration. If you say 'gastei três horas no parque', it sounds like the time was a resource you consumed or perhaps even wasted. Use 'passei três horas' for a neutral or pleasant experience.

Gastar vs. Passar (Time): Gastar = Consumption/Waste. Passar = General duration/Experience.

Errado: Eu gastei as férias na praia. (Unless the holidays were a chore!)

Another common error involves the prepositional choice. Many learners say 'gastar dinheiro em' for everything, but 'gastar com' is often more natural when referring to people or services. For example, 'gastar com o médico' (spending on the doctor) is more common than 'gastar no médico'. Additionally, learners often forget that 'gasto' is the irregular short past participle used as an adjective, while 'gastado' is the regular form used with 'ter' in compound tenses.

Participle Confusion: Use 'gastado' with 'ter/haver' and 'gasto' as an adjective or with 'ser/estar'.

Eu tinha gastado muito, por isso os meus recursos estavam gastos.

Finally, avoid using 'gastar' when you mean 'to waste' in a purely negative sense if 'desperdiçar' is more appropriate. While 'gastar tempo' can mean wasting time, 'desperdiçar' is more specific to the act of throwing away an opportunity or resource. For example, 'desperdiçar comida' is more common than 'gastar comida' when referring to throwing food in the trash. Precision in these synonyms marks the transition from intermediate to advanced proficiency.

Gastar vs. Desperdiçar: Gastar = To use/consume. Desperdiçar = To waste/throw away.

Não gaste seu fôlego; ele não vai mudar de ideia.

Ele gasta o que não tem.

A bateria gastou-se rapidamente.

To truly master gastar, one must understand its relationship with its synonyms and antonyms. While 'gastar' is the most common term for spending, 'despender' is its formal, more academic cousin, often found in legal or economic texts. 'Consumir' is another close relative, focusing on the total depletion or 'consumption' of a resource, often used in biological or technical contexts.

Gastar vs. Despender: Gastar is everyday use; Despender is formal/official.

O projeto exigiu despender vultosas quantias.

When it comes to the physical wearing out of things, 'desgastar' is a more intense version of 'gastar'. It specifically implies the gradual erosion or loss of substance through friction or use. For example, 'desgaste emocional' (emotional wear and tear) is a common psychological term. On the opposite end of the spectrum, we have 'poupar' (to save/spare) and 'economizar' (to economize), which are the primary antonyms of gastar.

Gastar vs. Consumir: Gastar focuses on the act of using; Consumir focuses on the exhaustion of the resource.

Precisamos economizar para não gastar tudo agora.

In the context of wasting, 'esbanjar' is a colorful synonym that means to spend lavishly or to squander. If someone is 'esbanjando dinheiro', they are spending it without any care. This contrasts with 'gastar', which is neutral. Understanding these nuances allows you to describe someone's financial habits with much more precision—from the frugal 'poupador' to the reckless 'esbanjador'.

Gastar vs. Esbanjar: Gastar is neutral; Esbanjar is excessive/lavish.

Ele esbanja saúde e alegria.

A erosão gastou a montanha.

Não gaste seu tempo com bobagens.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

カジュアル

スラング

難易度

知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

Eu gasto dinheiro no mercado.

I spend money at the market.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

Quanto você gasta por mês?

How much do you spend per month?

Interrogative sentence.

Ela não gosta de gastar muito.

She doesn't like to spend much.

Negative construction with infinitive.

Nós gastamos dez euros.

We spent ten euros.

Past tense (Pretérito Perfeito).

Você gasta muito em sapatos?

Do you spend a lot on shoes?

Use of preposition 'em'.

Eles gastam tempo jogando.

They spend time playing.

Gastar + time.

Eu vou gastar meu bônus.

I am going to spend my bonus.

Future with 'ir'.

Não gaste todo o seu dinheiro.

Don't spend all your money.

Imperative (Negative).

Gastei muito dinheiro com o carro.

I spent a lot of money on the car.

Preposition 'com' for services/objects.

Este computador gasta muita energia.

This computer uses a lot of energy.

Gastar as 'to use/consume'.

Nós gastamos horas na fila.

We spent hours in the queue.

Gastar for time consumption.

Você já gastou o seu salário?

Have you already spent your salary?

Present perfect context.

Ela gasta pouco em maquiagem.

She spends little on makeup.

Adverb 'pouco' modifying the verb.

Eles gastaram as solas dos sapatos.

They wore out the soles of their shoes.

Physical wear and tear.

Não quero gastar minha bateria.

I don't want to use up my battery.

Gastar for electronic resources.

Quanto tempo você gasta para chegar?

How much time do you spend to arrive?

Gastar + time + para + infinitive.

Se eu tivesse dinheiro, gastaria mais.

If I had money, I would spend more.

Conditional mood.

O pneu está muito gasto, precisa trocar.

The tire is very worn out, it needs changing.

Short participle 'gasto' as adjective.

Ela tem gastado muito ultimamente.

She has been spending a lot lately.

Compound past with 'gastado'.

Não gaste sua paciência com ele.

Don't waste your patience on him.

Metaphorical use of 'gastar'.

A vela gastou-se rapidamente.

The candle burnt out quickly.

Reflexive 'gastar-se'.

É preciso não gastar recursos à toa.

It is necessary not to waste resources in vain.

Infinitive with 'à toa'.

Eles gastaram o dia todo limpando.

They spent the whole day cleaning.

Gastar + duration + gerund.

O motor gasta muito óleo.

The engine consumes a lot of oil.

Technical consumption.

O governo gastou além do orçamento.

The government spent beyond the budget.

Economic context.

Você está gastando o seu latim.

You are wasting your breath (lit. spending your Latin).

Idiomatic expression.

A erosão gasta a costa marítima.

Erosion wears away the coastline.

Geological wear.

Espero que você não gaste tudo de uma vez.

I hope you don't spend it all at once.

Present subjunctive.

O atrito gasta as peças da máquina.

Friction wears out the machine parts.

Scientific/Mechanical context.

Ela gastou a juventude estudando.

She spent her youth studying.

Abstract resource (youth).

Não vale a pena gastar energia com isso.

It's not worth spending energy on that.

Phrase 'vale a pena'.

O tapete está gasto pelo tempo.

The carpet is worn by time.

Passive voice with 'pelo'.

A vida gasta-se nos pequenos detalhes.

Life is spent in the small details.

Philosophical reflexive use.

Ele gastou o seu prestígio político.

He used up his political prestige.

Metaphorical depletion.

O autor gasta páginas descrevendo a cena.

The author spends pages describing the scene.

Literary context.

A paciência dela gastou-se por completo.

Her patience was completely exhausted.

Total depletion.

Gastar-se em prol de uma causa é nobre.

To wear oneself out for a cause is noble.

Reflexive infinitive as subject.

O uso abusivo gastou o mecanismo.

Abusive use wore out the mechanism.

Formal cause and effect.

Não gastes as tuas palavras com ele.

Don't waste your words on him.

Imperative (Tu form - Portugal).

O tempo gasta até a mais dura pedra.

Time wears away even the hardest stone.

Poetic/Proverbial.

A entropia dita que tudo se gasta.

Entropy dictates that everything wears out.

Scientific/Philosophical.

Despenderam-se esforços, mas gastou-se a esperança.

Efforts were expended, but hope was spent.

Contrast between 'despender' and 'gastar'.

A retórica gastou-se pelo uso excessivo.

The rhetoric became worn out through excessive use.

Abstract erosion of meaning.

O brilho da estrela gastou-se em milénios.

The star's brightness was spent over millennia.

Cosmic scale.

Gastar o fôlego em querelas inúteis é um erro.

Wasting breath on useless quarrels is a mistake.

Formal register.

A alma gasta-se na monotonia do quotidiano.

The soul wears out in the monotony of the everyday.

Existential use.

As sapatilhas gastas contam a história da maratona.

The worn-out sneakers tell the story of the marathon.

Narrative adjective use.

O erário público foi gasto sem parcimónia.

The public treasury was spent without parsimony.

High-level economic vocabulary.

よく使う組み合わせ

Gastar dinheiro

Gastar tempo

Gastar energia

Gastar sola

Gastar saliva

Gastar fortunas

Gastar por conta

Gastar à toa

Gastar bateria

Gastar paciência

よく使うフレーズ

Quanto você gastou?

Não gaste seu tempo.

Gastar os olhos da cara.

Gastar o latim.

Gastar sola de sapato.

Gastar por conta própria.

Gastar em excesso.

Gastar o que não tem.

Gastar a vida.

Gastar fôlego.

よく混同される語

Gastar vs Custar

Gastar vs Passar

Gastar vs Pagar

慣用句と表現

間違えやすい

Gastar vs

文型パターン

使い方

time

Implies consumption/waste.

wear

Very common for physical objects.

money

Neutral, standard term.

よくある間違い

Use 'passar' for spending time/vacations neutrally.
Use 'com' for services/people.
Use the short participle 'gasto' as an adjective.
Incorrect preposition; use 'em' or 'com'.
Confusing 'cost' with 'spend'.

ヒント

Participle Rule

Use 'gastado' for the action of spending and 'gasto' for the state of being worn out.

Money Talk

Combine 'gastar' with 'dinheiro', 'fortuna', or 'centavos' to talk about finances.

Brazilian Slang

In informal Brazilian settings, 'gastar' can mean to tease a friend.

Natural Flow

Say 'gastei uma nota' to mean you spent a lot of money (informal).

Formal Alternative

In essays, consider using 'despender' or 'consumir' for a more formal tone.

Preposition Clues

Listen for 'no' or 'na' (em + article) after gastar to identify what was bought.

Time Management

Use 'gastar tempo' when talking about efficiency or productivity.

Maintenance

Use 'gasto' to describe parts that need to be replaced in a car or machine.

Gastar vs Passar

If you enjoyed the time, use 'passar'. If the time felt like a cost, use 'gastar'.

Visual Link

Imagine a wallet getting thinner (gastar dinheiro) and a shoe sole getting thinner (gastar sola).

暗記しよう

語源

From Latin 'vastare' (to devastate, lay waste), later influenced by 'gastare'.

文化的な背景

Informal use 'gastar alguém' means to tease or make fun of.

More likely to use 'a gastar' instead of 'gastando'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Quanto você costuma gastar em viagens?"

"Você acha que gasta muito tempo no celular?"

"Como podemos gastar menos energia em casa?"

"Você já gastou dinheiro com algo inútil?"

"Qual foi a última coisa em que você gastou muito?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva um dia em que você gastou muito dinheiro.

Reflita sobre como você gasta o seu tempo livre.

Escreva sobre um objeto seu que está muito gasto.

Você prefere poupar ou gastar? Por quê?

O que significa 'gastar a vida' para você?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it often implies that the time is a resource being used up or even wasted. For general 'spending time', 'passar tempo' is more common and neutral.

'Gastado' is used with the auxiliary verb 'ter' (e.g., Eu tenho gastado). 'Gasto' is used as an adjective (e.g., O sapato está gasto) or with 'ser/estar'.

No, for money it is neutral. However, for time or energy, it can sometimes imply a heavy cost or waste depending on the context.

You can use 'gastar' in some contexts, but 'desperdiçar' is the specific word for wasting something that should have been used better.

It is an idiom meaning to waste your breath or try to explain something to someone who isn't listening or won't understand.

Yes, it is the standard verb for consuming utilities like water, gas, or electricity.

Yes, it follows the standard conjugation for verbs ending in -ar.

Usually 'em' (for things) or 'com' (for people/reasons). Example: 'Gasto em livros' or 'Gasto com o meu filho'.

It is the noun form meaning 'wear and tear' or 'attrition', often used for both physical and emotional contexts.

Yes, it is universally used across all Portuguese-speaking countries with the same primary meanings.