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B1 noun 8分で読める

безработица

例文 безработица 30秒で
解説 безработица in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that безработица means 'no jobs' or 'unemployment.' You might not use the word yourself very often, as it is a long and complex word. Instead, you will likely say 'нет работы' (no work) or 'я не работаю' (I don't work). However, you might see this word on a news headline or a sign. It is important to recognize the root 'работа' inside it. If you see 'без-работа-ица,' try to remember that 'без' means 'without.' So, 'without-work-ness.' This simple breakdown will help you remember the meaning even if you cannot yet use it in complex sentences. You should know that it is a 'bad' thing for a country. Focus on the connection between 'работа' and 'безработица.' At this stage, just understanding the concept when you hear it is a great achievement.
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At the A2 level, you can start using безработица in basic sentences. You should be able to say things like 'В городе большая безработица' (There is big unemployment in the city). You are beginning to learn about cases, so you should recognize 'безработицы' in the Genitive case after words like 'много' (much) or 'мало' (little). You might also learn the phrase 'поиск работы' (job search) as a solution to безработица. You should also distinguish between the noun (the problem) and the person (безработный). For example, 'Мой брат — безработный' vs 'В стране высокая безработица.' This distinction is key to moving toward the B1 level. You can also start to use simple adjectives like 'высокая' (high) or 'низкая' (low) to describe it.
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At the B1 level, which is where this word is officially categorized, you should be comfortable using безработица in discussions about society and the economy. You should know the phrase 'уровень безработицы' (unemployment rate) and be able to use it with verbs like 'растёт' (is growing) or 'падает' (is falling). You should also be familiar with the Dative case usage in 'пособие по безработице' (unemployment benefits), as this is a common topic in intermediate listening and reading materials. You can explain why безработица is a problem using simple logic: 'Люди не могут покупать еду, потому что есть безработица.' You are also expected to use the Instrumental case correctly: 'Правительство борется с безработицей.' This level requires you to understand the word in the context of news articles and short reports.
At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the causes and effects of безработица in more detail. You can use terms like 'рынок труда' (labor market) and 'экономический кризис' (economic crisis) in the same conversation. You should understand the difference between 'скрытая безработица' (hidden unemployment) and 'официальная безработица' (official unemployment). Your grammar should be more precise, and you should be able to use the word in complex sentences with various prepositions and cases without hesitation. You can participate in a debate about how to reduce безработица, using words like 'инвестиции' (investments) and 'образование' (education). You should also be able to read longer articles from Russian newspapers like 'Kommersant' or 'Vedomosti' that discuss labor statistics and trends.
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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of безработица. You can distinguish between its various types: 'фрикционная' (frictional), 'структурная' (structural), and 'циклическая' (cyclical). You can analyze the socio-psychological impact of long-term безработица on a population. Your vocabulary includes high-level synonyms like 'незанятость' and you understand the historical context of the term in the post-Soviet space. You can follow complex academic lectures or political talk shows where the word is used rapidly and in abstract contexts. You can also use the word metaphorically or in more sophisticated rhetorical structures. You are aware of the subtle differences in meaning when the word is used in different registers, from academic journals to tabloid journalism.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of безработица is near-native. You understand all its idiomatic associations and historical nuances. You can discuss the word's etymology and its relationship to other Slavic languages. You can write a detailed policy analysis or a philosophical essay on the nature of work and the implications of a world without безработица (or one where it is permanent). You can pick up on subtle ironies or sarcasms used by native speakers when they mention 'пособие по безработице' or 'центр занятости.' You are comfortable with the word in any context, whether it's a technical economic forecast, a classic piece of literature, or a fast-paced street conversation. You can also use the word to construct complex puns or wordplay if the situation calls for it.
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例文

безработица 30秒で

  • The word 'безработица' means unemployment and is a feminine noun used to describe the socio-economic state of lacking jobs within a population or region.
  • It is derived from 'без' (without) and 'работа' (work), making it easy to remember for English speakers who already know the word for 'work'.
  • Commonly used in formal contexts like news and economics, it requires specific case endings, particularly in phrases like 'уровень безработицы' (unemployment rate).
  • It is distinct from the word 'безработный', which refers to an individual person who is unemployed, rather than the abstract concept of unemployment itself.
The word безработица is a fundamental term in the Russian language, particularly within the realms of economics, sociology, and daily news. At its core, it translates to 'unemployment.' To understand this word, one must look at its morphological construction. It is composed of the prefix без- (meaning 'without'), the root -работ- (from 'работа' meaning 'work' or 'job'), and the suffix -ица, which is used to form abstract feminine nouns. Conceptually, it describes the socio-economic phenomenon where a portion of the labor force is capable and willing to work but cannot find employment. In a Russian context, this word carries significant historical weight. During the Soviet era, unemployment was officially non-existent, as the state guaranteed a job for every citizen. Consequently, the term was often used to describe capitalist societies. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, безработица became a harsh reality for millions of Russians, making it a central theme in political discourse and personal narratives ever since.
Economic Context
In economic reports, you will frequently see the phrase 'уровень безработицы' (the unemployment rate). This is a key indicator of a country's economic health. A high level of безработица suggests economic stagnation or crisis, while a low level indicates growth.

В последние годы безработица в нашем регионе значительно сократилась благодаря новым инвестициям.

Translation: In recent years, unemployment in our region has significantly decreased thanks to new investments.
Beyond the technical, the word also touches on the psychological state of individuals. It is not just about a lack of income, but often a loss of social status and purpose. In literature and film, безработица is frequently portrayed as a catalyst for personal transformation or despair.
Grammatical Note
The word is a feminine noun ending in -а. It follows the first declension pattern. It is usually used in the singular, as it represents an abstract concept.

Молодежная безработица является серьезной проблемой для многих европейских стран.

Colloquial Usage
While 'безработица' is formal, people might say 'я остался без работы' (I was left without work) in casual conversation. However, when discussing the social issue broadly, the noun remains the standard.
In summary, безработица is a versatile word that bridges the gap between cold economic statistics and the warm, often difficult realities of human existence. It is essential for anyone wishing to discuss current events, history, or social issues in Russian.
Using безработица correctly requires an understanding of its case endings and the common verbs it pairs with. Since it is an abstract noun, it often serves as the subject of a sentence or the object of a preposition. One of the most common pairings is with the verb 'расти' (to grow) or 'увеличиваться' (to increase). Conversely, it often pairs with 'падать' (to fall) or 'сокращаться' (to shrink).
Subject-Verb Agreement
Because it is feminine and singular, verbs in the past tense must end in -а. Example: 'Безработица выросла' (Unemployment grew).

Скрытая безработица — это когда люди числятся на работе, но не получают зарплату.

Another vital structure is the Genitive case. When you want to say 'the level of unemployment,' you use 'уровень безработицы.' The Genitive ending for this word is -ы. This phrase is ubiquitous in news broadcasts. You will also see this word used with the preposition 'от' (from/due to) in the Genitive case: 'страдать от безработицы' (to suffer from unemployment). Or with 'с' (with/against) in the Instrumental case: 'борьба с безработицей' (the fight against unemployment).
Common Adjectives
Adjectives like 'высокая' (high), 'низкая' (low), 'массовая' (mass), and 'хроническая' (chronic) are frequently used to describe the nature of the unemployment being discussed.

Правительство принимает меры, чтобы безработица не стала массовой.

If you are applying for benefits, you are dealing with 'пособие по безработице.' Here, the preposition 'по' triggers the Dative case, changing the ending to -е. This is a very specific but highly practical usage for anyone living in a Russian-speaking country. Finally, consider the context of 'фрикционная безработица' (frictional unemployment) or 'структурная безработица' (structural unemployment) in academic settings. These terms show how the word expands to meet technical needs.
Prepositional Usage
When talking about the situation *in* the context of unemployment, use 'при безработице' (Prepositional case). For example: 'Жизнь при высокой безработице трудна' (Life during high unemployment is difficult).

В условиях безработицы многие люди решают начать свой бизнес.

Understanding these patterns allows you to construct complex thoughts about the labor market with precision and grammatical accuracy.
You are most likely to encounter безработица in formal settings. If you turn on a Russian news channel like Channel One or Rossiya 24, you will hear it during the economic segment. News anchors use it to describe the current state of the nation's economy. It is also a staple of political debates, where candidates discuss their plans for job creation.
In the Media
Headlines often read: 'Безработица в России достигла исторического минимума' (Unemployment in Russia has reached a historical minimum). This formal tone is where the noun shines.

Эксперты обсуждают, как технологический прогресс влияет на безработицу в мире.

In academic environments, specifically in economics or sociology lectures at universities like MGU or HSE, professors will use безработица to analyze labor market theories. You will find it in textbooks, research papers, and statistical data published by Rosstat (the Russian Federal State Statistics Service).
In Literature
Modern Russian literature often deals with the 'little man' struggling against systemic issues. Here, безработица might be personified or treated as an invisible enemy that breaks families and spirits.

Роман описывает жизнь города, где безработица стала привычным делом.

While less common in casual slang, you might hear it in serious conversations between friends or family members when discussing their future or the state of the country. A parent might say to a child, 'Учись хорошо, иначе тебя ждёт безработица' (Study well, otherwise unemployment awaits you).
Official Documents
If you ever have to visit a 'Центр занятости' (Employment Center), you will see posters and pamphlets everywhere using the word безработица to explain rights and resources.

Закон о безработице гарантирует гражданам социальную поддержку.

Essentially, whenever the topic turns to the collective lack of jobs or the economic metrics of the labor force, this is the word that dominates the conversation.
One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when learning безработица is confusing it with the adjective/noun 'безработный.' While безработица refers to the state or the phenomenon (unemployment), 'безработный' refers to the person who is unemployed. You cannot say 'я безработица' (I am unemployment); you must say 'я безработный' (I am an unemployed person).
Confusion with 'Idle'
Another mistake is using 'безработица' when you actually mean 'безделье' (idleness/laziness). Unemployment is a socio-economic condition, whereas idleness is a personal choice or habit. Using the wrong word can change the tone from empathetic to accusatory.

Ошибка: Он не хочет работать из-за безработицы. (Correct if referring to the market, but 'лени' if referring to his character).

In terms of prepositions, learners often struggle with 'пособие по безработице.' They might try to use 'для' (for) or 'от' (from), but 'по' is the only correct preposition here, as it indicates the category or reason for the benefit.
Misplaced Stress
Some learners place the stress on the first syllable (бЕзработица) or the third (безрабОтица). The correct stress is on the second 'o' (безрабОтица). Misplacing the stress can make the word difficult for native speakers to recognize instantly.

Правильно: Борьба с безработицей (Instrumental case). Неправильно: Борьба с безработица.

Lastly, avoid using 'безработица' as a plural. While 'безработицы' is the Genitive singular form, the word is rarely used in the plural sense because it represents a single unified concept. Stick to the singular to sound more natural.
To enrich your Russian vocabulary, it's helpful to know synonyms and related terms for безработица. While 'безработица' is the most direct term for unemployment, other words can be used depending on the nuance you want to convey.
Незанятость
This is a more neutral, bureaucratic term. It literally means 'non-engagement' or 'non-occupation.' It is often used in official statistics to include not just those looking for work, but those who are out of the labor force for other reasons.
Отсутствие работы
Literally 'absence of work.' This is much more common in everyday speech. If a friend asks how things are, you might say 'У меня сейчас отсутствие работы' (I currently have an absence of work), though 'Я сейчас не работаю' is even simpler.

Вместо слова безработица в официальных документах иногда используют термин 'незанятость населения'.

Кризис на рынке труда
Literally 'crisis in the labor market.' This is a broader phrase that implies high безработица but also includes issues like low wages or poor working conditions.

Понятие безработица тесно связано с понятием 'дефицит рабочих мест'.

Comparing безработица with 'неполная занятость' (underemployment) is also useful. The latter refers to people working fewer hours than they want, which is a specific type of labor market struggle. By learning these alternatives, you can navigate different social and professional contexts with greater ease and nuance.
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レベル別の例文

1

В стране есть безработица.

There is unemployment in the country.

Simple subject-verb sentence.

2

Безработица — это плохо.

Unemployment is bad.

Noun as subject with an adjective.

3

Там большая безработица.

There is big unemployment there.

Using 'большая' (big/large) to describe the scale.

4

Где безработица?

Where is the unemployment?

Interrogative sentence.

5

Я знаю слово безработица.

I know the word unemployment.

Accusative case (looks like Nominative here).

6

Безработица растёт.

Unemployment is growing.

Present tense verb agreement.

7

Это безработица.

This is unemployment.

Demonstrative pronoun with noun.

8

Маленькая безработица — это хорошо.

Small unemployment is good.

Using 'маленькая' (small) as an antonym to 'большая'.

1

В нашем городе высокая безработица.

There is high unemployment in our city.

Using 'высокая' (high) for a more natural description.

2

Многие люди боятся безработицы.

Many people are afraid of unemployment.

Genitive case after 'бояться'.

3

Безработица стала большой проблемой.

Unemployment became a big problem.

Instrumental case for the predicate after 'стала'.

4

Он получает пособие по безработице.

He receives unemployment benefits.

Dative case after 'по'.

5

Уровень безработицы сейчас низкий.

The unemployment rate is low now.

Genitive case for 'of unemployment'.

6

Из-за безработицы люди уезжают.

Because of unemployment, people are leaving.

Genitive case after 'из-за'.

7

Они говорят о безработице.

They are talking about unemployment.

Prepositional case after 'о'.

8

Безработица уменьшилась в этом году.

Unemployment decreased this year.

Past tense feminine verb agreement.

1

Правительство пытается бороться с безработицей.

The government is trying to fight unemployment.

Instrumental case after 'с' in the context of 'fight'.

2

Скрытая безработица — это серьёзная угроза.

Hidden unemployment is a serious threat.

Compound subject with an adjective.

3

Рост безработицы привел к протестам.

The growth of unemployment led to protests.

Genitive case 'рост безработицы'.

4

В условиях безработицы трудно найти работу.

In conditions of unemployment, it's hard to find work.

Genitive case after 'в условиях'.

5

Как безработица влияет на молодёжь?

How does unemployment affect the youth?

Accusative case after 'влияет на'.

6

Эта программа поможет снизить безработицу.

This program will help reduce unemployment.

Accusative case as direct object.

7

Безработица в селе выше, чем в городе.

Unemployment in the village is higher than in the city.

Comparative structure.

8

Пособие по безработице очень маленькое.

Unemployment benefits are very small.

Dative case usage.

1

Технологический прогресс может вызвать рост безработицы.

Technological progress can cause a rise in unemployment.

Genitive case 'рост безработицы'.

2

Хроническая безработица разрушает общество.

Chronic unemployment destroys society.

Complex adjective usage.

3

Статистика по безработице была искажена.

The unemployment statistics were distorted.

Passive voice and Dative case.

4

Безработица среди женщин остается высокой.

Unemployment among women remains high.

Preposition 'среди' with Genitive.

5

Мы обсуждали проблему циклической безработицы.

We discussed the problem of cyclical unemployment.

Specific economic terminology.

6

Борьба с безработицей требует комплексного подхода.

The fight against unemployment requires a comprehensive approach.

Abstract noun as subject.

7

Уровень безработицы достиг критической отметки.

The unemployment rate reached a critical mark.

Genitive case after 'достиг'.

8

Безработица вынуждает людей менять профессию.

Unemployment forces people to change their profession.

Verb 'вынуждает' with direct object.

1

Фрикционная безработица неизбежна в рыночной экономике.

Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a market economy.

Advanced economic term.

2

Государство должно минимизировать последствия безработицы.

The state must minimize the consequences of unemployment.

Genitive plural 'последствия'.

3

Безработица — это не только экономический, но и социальный феномен.

Unemployment is not only an economic, but also a social phenomenon.

Complex definition structure.

4

Рост безработицы коррелирует с ростом преступности.

The rise in unemployment correlates with the rise in crime.

Scientific/Academic verb 'коррелирует'.

5

Психологические аспекты безработицы часто игнорируются.

The psychological aspects of unemployment are often ignored.

Passive construction with Genitive.

6

Безработица может быть следствием структурных изменений.

Unemployment can be a consequence of structural changes.

Instrumental case after 'быть'.

7

Показатели безработицы варьируются от региона к региону.

Unemployment rates vary from region to region.

Verb 'варьируются'.

8

Инфляция и безработица находятся в сложной взаимосвязи.

Inflation and unemployment are in a complex relationship.

Compound subject.

1

Феномен безработицы требует междисциплинарного анализа.

The phenomenon of unemployment requires interdisciplinary analysis.

Highly academic register.

2

Застойная безработица ведет к деградации человеческого капитала.

Stagnant unemployment leads to the degradation of human capital.

Specific term 'human capital'.

3

Безработица выступает как катализатор социальных потрясений.

Unemployment acts as a catalyst for social upheaval.

Metaphorical usage.

4

Эндемическая безработица в депрессивных регионах требует дотаций.

Endemic unemployment in depressed regions requires subsidies.

Advanced sociological term.

5

Иллюзия низкой безработицы может быть опасна для планирования.

The illusion of low unemployment can be dangerous for planning.

Complex noun phrase.

6

Безработица как продукт технологического замещения труда.

Unemployment as a product of technological labor substitution.

Theoretical phrasing.

7

Парадокс безработицы при дефиците квалифицированных кадров.

The paradox of unemployment amidst a shortage of skilled personnel.

Abstract logical structure.

8

Безработица в контексте глобализации приобретает новые формы.

Unemployment in the context of globalization takes on new forms.

High-level contextualization.

よく使う組み合わせ

высокая безработица
низкая безработица
уровень безработицы
скрытая безработица
молодежная безработица
рост безработицы
снижение безработицы
пособие по безработице
бороться с безработицей
причина безработицы

よく使うフレーズ

встать на биржу труда

— To register as unemployed at the labor exchange.

После увольнения он сразу встал на биржу труда.

сидеть без работы

— To be unemployed for a while (informal).

Он уже полгода сидит без работы.

искать работу

— To look for a job.

Я активно ищу работу в сфере IT.

сокращение штатов

— Staff reduction or layoffs.

На заводе началось сокращение штатов.

центр занятости

— Employment center (government office).

В центре занятости мне предложили курсы.

рынок труда

— The labor market.

Рынок труда сейчас очень нестабилен.

рабочая сила

— Labor force.

Молодежь — это важная часть рабочей силы.

вакантное место

— A vacant position.

В нашей компании есть одно вакантное место.

минимальная зарплата

— Minimum wage.

Минимальная зарплата не покрывает расходы.

трудовой стаж

— Work experience/seniority.

Для пенсии нужен большой трудовой стаж.

慣用句と表現

"бить баклуши"

— To idle away time, to do nothing while others work.

Хватит бить баклуши, иди работай!

informal
"сидеть на бобах"

— To be without money or work, in a difficult situation.

Из-за кризиса вся семья сидит на бобах.

informal
"остаться у разбитого корыта"

— To be left with nothing after having high hopes.

После закрытия фирмы он остался у разбитого корыта.

literary/idiomatic
"считать ворон"

— To be distracted or idle instead of working.

На работе нельзя считать ворон.

informal
"валять дурака"

— To fool around or avoid work.

Он весь день валяет дурака вместо поиска работы.

informal
"плевать в потолок"

— To do absolutely nothing out of boredom or lack of work.

На этой должности я только и делаю, что плюю в потолок.

slang
"палец о палец не ударить"

— To not lift a finger to help or work.

Он палец о палец не ударил, чтобы найти работу.

informal
"гонять лодыря"

— To be lazy or idle.

Вместо учебы он гоняет лодыря.

informal
"сидеть сложа руки"

— To sit i

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