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B1 noun ニュートラル 2分で読める

polis

/pʊˈliːs/
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Overview

The Swedish word for 'police' is 'polis'. It is a common noun, and its grammatical properties are important for correct usage.

Grammatical Gender:

In Swedish, 'polis' is a common gender noun (en-word). This means it takes the indefinite article 'en' and the definite article suffix '-en'.

  • Indefinite singular: en polis (a police officer / the police force in general)
  • Definite singular: polisen (the police officer / the police force)

Plural Forms:

Swedish nouns have different plural endings. 'Polis' belongs to a group of nouns that form their plural by adding '-er'.

  • Indefinite plural: poliser (police officers)
  • Definite plural: poliserna (the police officers)

Usage and Nuances:

  1. 1Referring to an individual police officer: You can use 'en polis' to refer to a single police officer. For example, 'Jag såg en polis' (I saw a police officer).
  1. 1Referring to the police force/institution: 'Polisen' (definite singular) is very commonly used to refer to the police force as an institution or the collective body of police. For instance, 'Polisen utreder brottet' (The police are investigating the crime). Even though it's singular in form, it often carries a collective meaning in this context, similar to 'the police' in English.
  1. 1Referring to multiple police officers: 'Poliser' (indefinite plural) is used when referring to several individual police officers. For example, 'Det var många poliser på plats' (There were many police officers on site).
  1. 1Compound Nouns: 'Polis' is often used in compound nouns to describe things related to the police:
  • 'Polisbil' (police car)
  • 'Polisstation' (police station)
  • 'Polisman' (policeman) - less common now, 'polis' itself is often used gender-neutrally for an officer.
  • 'Poliskvinna' (policewoman) - similarly, 'polis' is often preferred.
  1. 1Historical/Etymological Note: The word 'polis' in Swedish, like in many other European languages, comes from the Greek word 'polis' (πόλις), meaning 'city' or 'state'. This etymology reflects the historical role of the police as guardians of civil order within a state or city.

Understanding these grammatical forms and usage nuances is crucial for speaking and writing correct Swedish when referring to the police.

例文

1

Polisen grep tjuven.

General

The police arrested the thief.

2

Han vill bli polis.

Aspirations

He wants to become a police officer.

3

Det var mycket polis på platsen.

Reporting a situation

There were a lot of police at the scene.

4

Ring polisen!

Emergency/Urgency

Call the police!

5

En polisbil körde förbi.

Observation

A police car drove by.

よく使う組み合わせ

polisbil
polisman
polisstation
polisuniform

よく混同される語

polis 対 vakt
a person who guards, a guard, watchman, warden, keeper
polis 対 polisman
a police officer, policeman
polis 対 poliskonstapel
a police constable

文法パターン

en polis polisen poliser poliserna

使い方

使い方のコツ

The word 'polis' is a common noun in Swedish, used to refer to the civil force of a state responsible for maintaining public order, preventing and detecting crime, and enforcing laws. It is a singular, common gender noun (en polis) and its plural form is 'poliser'. When referring to the institution or the collective body, 'Polisen' (with a capital 'P' and the definite article '-en' affixed) is used, similar to how one might say 'the Police' in English. For example, 'Ring polisen!' means 'Call the police!'. When referring to an individual officer, 'en polis' is used, or more specifically, 'en polisman' (a policeman) or 'en poliskvinna' (a policewoman), though 'polis' itself can be gender-neutral for an individual. The word is straightforward in its usage and generally carries no strong negative or positive connotations beyond the immediate context of its application. It is widely understood across all demographics in Sweden. In informal contexts, one might hear slang terms, but 'polis' remains the standard and most frequently used term in all formal and most informal situations.

よくある間違い

A common mistake might be to incorrectly assume a different gender for the word. 'Polis' is a common gender noun (en-word). Another potential mistake could be mispronouncing it by putting the stress on the wrong syllable; the stress is typically on the first syllable, 'PO-lis'.

ヒント

💡

Pronunciation tip

The stress is on the second syllable, 'liis'.
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Grammar note

In Swedish, 'polis' can be used as both singular and plural. When referring to the institution or the collective body, it is often used without an article. For example, 'Polisen är här' means 'The police are here'.
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Related terms

Some related terms include 'polisbil' (police car), 'poliskontor' (police station), and 'polisman' (policeman).

語源

The Swedish word 'polis' originates from the French 'police', which itself comes from the Latin 'politia' and the Greek 'politeia'. The Greek 'politeia' referred to the condition of a state or commonwealth, its administration, government, and citizenship. It's derived from 'polites' (citizen) and 'polis' (city-state). Over time, the meaning evolved to encompass public order and administration, eventually specializing to refer to the civil force responsible for law enforcement and maintaining public order. Its use in Swedish dates back to at least the 18th century, reflecting a broader European adoption of the term to describe this specific governmental function.

文化的な背景

In Sweden, the word 'polis' (police) carries significant cultural weight, reflecting a society that generally places high trust in its public institutions. The Swedish police force, Polisen, is viewed as a cornerstone of public safety and order, operating within a framework that emphasizes community policing and a service-oriented approach. Historically, the image of the Swedish police has been one of impartiality and professionalism, though like any institution, it has faced scrutiny and discussions regarding its methods and relationship with various communities. Public perception is often shaped by media portrayals, which can range from heroic depictions in crime dramas to critical examinations of police conduct and resource allocation. Debates around immigration, integration, and social unrest have also, at times, brought the role and effectiveness of the police into sharper focus, leading to ongoing public discourse about their evolving responsibilities and challenges in a diverse society. The concept of 'polis' in Sweden is thus intertwined with broader discussions about social welfare, justice, and the maintenance of a well-ordered society.

覚え方のコツ

The Swedish word 'polis' sounds like the English word 'police.' This direct similarity makes it easy to remember. Think of a 'police' officer, which is what a 'polis' is.

よくある質問

4 問
The Swedish word for 'police' is 'polis'. It refers to the civil force of a state responsible for maintaining law and order, preventing and detecting crime, and enforcing laws. The 'Polis' in Sweden are organized nationally under the Swedish Police Authority (Polismyndigheten), which is a government agency responsible for police services across the entire country. Their duties encompass a wide range of activities, from routine patrols and traffic control to investigating serious crimes and ensuring public safety during events and demonstrations.
The Swedish police force, known as Polisen, is a national organization, meaning it's centrally governed rather than having separate local police forces. It operates under the Swedish Police Authority (Polismyndigheten). The country is divided into regions, each with its own police command, ensuring localized presence and response. There are also national departments that handle specific types of crime, such as organized crime or cybercrime, and provide specialized support to the regional forces. This unified structure aims for consistency and efficiency in law enforcement across Sweden.
The responsibilities of the Swedish 'polis' are extensive and multifaceted. Primarily, they are tasked with maintaining public order and safety, preventing crime, and investigating criminal offenses. This includes responding to emergencies, conducting patrols, enforcing traffic laws, and providing assistance to citizens in distress. Beyond these core duties, the 'polis' also works with crime prevention initiatives, gathers intelligence, and participates in international cooperation to combat transnational crime. Their overarching goal is to ensure a safe and secure society for all residents of Sweden.
While there isn't a strict division into different 'types' of police forces like in some other countries (e.g., city police vs. state police), the Swedish 'polis' comprises various specialized units and departments. For instance, there are patrol officers, detectives, traffic police, riot police, dog handlers, and bomb disposal units, among others. These specializations allow the police to address a wide range of situations and crimes effectively. All these units operate under the umbrella of the national Swedish Police Authority, ensuring a cohesive and integrated approach to law enforcement across the country.

自分をテスト

fill blank

Stockholm har en stor ____.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

Jag ringde ____ när jag såg inbrottet.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

____ utreder brott.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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