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A1 noun 15分で読める

karar

例文
解説 karar in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, your primary goal is to recognize the word 'karar' as the direct translation for 'decision' and to learn its most basic, essential pairing: 'karar vermek' (to decide / to give a decision). At this stage, you do not need to worry about complex grammar or abstract institutional meanings. You should focus on using it to express simple, personal choices in the first person. For example, learning to say 'Karar verdim' (I decided) or 'Karar vermedim' (I haven't decided) is incredibly useful for everyday situations like ordering food at a restaurant or responding to invitations. When a waiter asks what you want to eat, you can simply reply 'Henüz karar vermedim' (I haven't decided yet). This simple phrase buys you time and sounds very natural. You will also learn the adjective 'kararsız' (indecisive), which is perfect for expressing hesitation. At A1, you are building the foundation, so memorize the noun-verb pair as a single unit of vocabulary. Do not try to translate 'make a decision' literally; always remember that in Turkish, you 'give' your choice. Practice using it with simple pronouns and basic tenses, primarily the past tense (verdim) and the present continuous (veriyorum), to navigate basic daily interactions successfully.
As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding of 'karar' must expand to include sentence structures that connect the decision to an action. This introduces the critical grammatical concept of using the dative case with infinitive verbs. You will learn the formula: [Verb]-mAyA + karar vermek. For instance, instead of just saying 'I decided', you will now say 'I decided to go' (Gitmeye karar verdim) or 'I decided to buy this' (Bunu almaya karar verdim). This is a significant step forward in your conversational ability, allowing you to explain your plans and intentions clearly. You will also start encountering the word in questions, asking others about their choices: 'Ne yapmaya karar verdin?' (What did you decide to do?). Additionally, at the A2 level, you should become comfortable with basic modifiers, such as 'iyi bir karar' (a good decision) or 'kötü bir karar' (a bad decision). You will begin to hear and use the word in simple narratives, recounting past events where a choice had to be made. The focus remains on personal, everyday situations, but your ability to elaborate on the 'what' and 'why' of the choice increases significantly through the application of basic Turkish case endings.
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At the B1 intermediate level, the usage of 'karar' broadens significantly to encompass more abstract and formal contexts. You will move beyond purely personal choices and begin to use the alternative auxiliary verb 'almak' (to take). You must understand the distinction: individuals 'karar verir' (give a decision), but groups, committees, or institutions 'karar alır' (take a decision). This is crucial for discussing news, workplace dynamics, or societal issues. For example, 'Şirket yeni bir karar aldı' (The company took a new decision). You will also learn to express the process of deciding, using phrases like 'karara varmak' (to reach a conclusion) after a period of discussion or deliberation. At this level, you can discuss the pros and cons of a situation before arriving at a resolution. Your vocabulary will expand to include related concepts like 'karar aşaması' (the decision phase) or 'karar mekanizması' (decision mechanism). You will be able to construct complex sentences explaining the reasons behind a choice using conjunctions like 'çünkü' (because) or 'bu yüzden' (therefore). The emotional weight of the word also becomes apparent as you discuss 'zor kararlar' (difficult decisions) and the consequences they carry in personal and professional life.
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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you are now capable of handling the nuanced and idiomatic uses of 'karar'. You will be comfortable discussing hypothetical situations and the potential outcomes of different choices using conditional clauses (eğer... -se). You will learn advanced phrases such as 'kararından dönmek' (to change one's mind / to go back on a decision) and 'karar kılmak' (to settle upon a choice definitively). At B2, you can engage in debates, defending your choices and challenging the decisions of others using sophisticated vocabulary. You will understand the subtle difference between 'karar' and synonyms like 'tercih' (preference) or 'seçim' (choice), knowing exactly when to use each for maximum precision. Your reading comprehension will be strong enough to follow news articles detailing complex legal or political resolutions, understanding terms like 'oybirliğiyle alınan karar' (unanimous decision). You will also appreciate the use of 'karar' to mean 'the right measure' or 'consistency', such as in the phrase 'kararında bırakmak' (to leave something at the right amount, not overdo it). Your spoken Turkish will sound much more native-like as you employ these varied structures naturally in fluid conversation.
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At the C1 advanced level, your command of the word 'karar' is nearly native. You can effortlessly navigate highly formal, academic, and professional texts where the word is used in specialized ways. You will be familiar with legal terminology such as 'gerekçeli karar' (reasoned judgment), 'kararname' (decree), and 'yargı kararı' (judicial decision). You can discuss the philosophical implications of free will and decision-making, using abstract nouns and complex sentence structures. You will understand and use sophisticated idioms and proverbs related to making choices. In professional settings, you can lead meetings, articulate strategic directions, and confidently state 'Nihai karar mercii benim' (I am the ultimate decision-making authority). You will intuitively grasp the subtle tonal shifts when a speaker uses 'karar' versus 'hüküm', recognizing the authoritative weight of the latter. Your writing will be precise and varied, employing passive constructions like 'kararlaştırıldı' (it was decided/agreed upon) to maintain an objective tone in reports or essays. At this stage, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool you use to analyze, argue, and persuade at the highest levels of fluency.
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At the C2 mastery level, your understanding of 'karar' encompasses its deepest historical, literary, and cultural dimensions. You appreciate the Arabic etymology of the word (k-r-r, meaning to settle or establish) and how this root concept permeates Turkish thought. You can read classic Turkish literature and historical texts, understanding archaic or highly stylized usages of the word. You are capable of engaging in profound philosophical discourse regarding determinism versus active decision-making. You seamlessly integrate the most obscure idioms and colloquialisms into your speech without hesitation. You understand the societal implications of collective decision-making in Turkish history and contemporary politics, analyzing how 'halkın kararı' (the people's decision) is rhetoric used in public discourse. You can write eloquent, persuasive essays or deliver speeches that hinge on the rhetorical power of urging action and resolution. At C2, you do not just use the word correctly; you manipulate it for stylistic effect, playing with its connotations of stability, judgment, and finality to craft beautiful and impactful Turkish prose and poetry. Your mastery is absolute, reflecting a deep internalization of the language's soul.
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例文
The Turkish word 'karar' translates primarily to 'decision' in English, but its usage encompasses a much wider range of meanings including resolution, judgment, verdict, and determination. When you are learning Turkish, understanding how to use this word effectively is absolutely essential because it appears constantly in both casual daily conversations and highly formal contexts. At its very core, making a 'karar' represents the transition from a state of uncertainty or hesitation into a state of clarity and forward momentum. Whether you are simply choosing what to eat for dinner at a local restaurant or making a monumental life choice such as moving to a new country, the word you will use is 'karar'. To truly grasp the depth of this concept, we must look at its linguistic origins. The word comes from Arabic, specifically from a root that implies settling, establishing, or remaining fixed in a specific place. This etymological background perfectly illustrates the psychological process of deciding: you are essentially 'settling' your mind on a single option among many possibilities. In everyday Turkish life, people frequently discuss their decisions with friends and family, making this word a cornerstone of social interaction.
Everyday Usage
In daily life, you will hear this word used when people are planning activities, shopping, or figuring out their schedules. It is the go-to noun for any situation requiring a choice.

Bugün ne yiyeceğimiz konusunda bir karar vermeliyiz.

Furthermore, the concept of decision-making in Turkish culture often involves a collective approach. While Western cultures might emphasize individual autonomy in making a 'karar', Turkish families and friend groups frequently engage in extensive discussions before arriving at a shared conclusion. This means you will often hear the word used in plural contexts or in sentences expressing mutual agreement.
Formal Contexts
In legal, corporate, or governmental situations, the word takes on a heavier meaning, translating to 'verdict', 'decree', or 'official resolution'.

Mahkeme nihai kararını yarın sabah açıklayacak.

When listening to Turkish news broadcasts, the phrase 'karar alındı' (a decision was taken) is extremely common, highlighting a subtle shift in the auxiliary verb used based on the formality of the situation. Beyond just the act of deciding, the word is also the root for several important adjectives and adverbs. For instance, 'kararlı' means determined or resolute, describing someone who stands firmly by their choices. Conversely, 'kararsız' means indecisive, a state many people find themselves in when faced with too many options.
Emotional Weight
Making a difficult choice carries emotional significance. The word often appears in emotional conversations about relationships, career changes, and life-altering events.

Bu hayatımda verdiğim en zor karar oldu.

It is also worth noting that in certain contexts, the word can mean 'the right amount' or 'consistency'. For example, when cooking, a recipe might call for salt 'kararınca', meaning 'in the right, decided amount'. This demonstrates the versatility of the root concept.

Yemeğin tuzu tam kararında olmuş, ellerine sağlık.

Understanding these multiple layers of meaning will significantly enhance your reading comprehension and conversational fluency. You will begin to notice how frequently Turkish speakers rely on this word to navigate both the mundane details of their day and the most profound moments of their lives.

Toplantı sonunda ortak bir karara vardık.

Ultimately, mastering the usage of this vocabulary item is a critical milestone in your Turkish learning journey, opening doors to more complex sentence structures and deeper, more meaningful conversations with native speakers across all regions of Turkey.
Using 'karar' correctly in Turkish sentences requires a solid understanding of Turkish grammar, particularly the dative case and the specific auxiliary verbs that pair with this noun. Because Turkish is an agglutinative language, the way this word connects to the rest of the sentence is quite different from English. In English, you 'make a decision about something' or 'decide to do something'. In Turkish, the structure is highly formulaic and relies heavily on suffixes. The most fundamental rule you must memorize is that when you decide to do an action, the verb describing that action must be in the infinitive form (ending in -mA or -mAk) and must take the dative case suffix (-yA).
The Dative Case Connection
The noun or infinitive verb preceding the decision must take the dative suffix (-e, -a, -ye, -ya) because you are directing your choice 'towards' that option.

Türkiye'ye taşınma-y-a karar verdim.

Let us explore the primary auxiliary verbs. The most common is 'vermek' (to give). When an individual makes a personal choice, they 'give a decision'. This might seem counterintuitive to an English speaker who is used to 'making' decisions, but translating it literally as 'karar yapmak' is grammatically incorrect and will sound very unnatural to a native Turkish speaker.
Using 'Vermek'
Use 'karar vermek' for personal, everyday choices. It implies a subjective conclusion reached by an individual or a small group.

Hangi arabayı alacağıma henüz karar vermedim.

On the other hand, we have the auxiliary verb 'almak' (to take). This is used in formal, institutional, or collective contexts. When a board of directors, a government, a court, or a committee reaches a conclusion, they 'take a decision'. This reflects the objective, official nature of the outcome.
Using 'Almak'
Use 'karar almak' when referring to official policies, legal judgments, or formal resolutions passed by a governing body.

Hükümet, yeni vergi yasası hakkında önemli bir karar aldı.

Another important sentence structure involves the phrase 'karara varmak', which means 'to reach a decision' or 'to come to a conclusion'. This implies a process, often involving discussion, negotiation, or deep thought, before the final choice is solidified. It emphasizes the journey of deciding rather than just the outcome.

Uzun tartışmaların ardından nihayet bir karara vardık.

Furthermore, you can use the word as the subject or object of a sentence without an auxiliary verb. For example, you can talk about the quality of the choice itself. You can describe it as good (iyi), bad (kötü), difficult (zor), or correct (doğru).

Bunun senin için çok doğru bir karar olduğunu düşünüyorum.

Mastering these distinct sentence structures will allow you to express your thoughts, intentions, and observations with precision and cultural accuracy, making your spoken and written Turkish significantly more sophisticated and natural.
If you spend any significant amount of time in a Turkish-speaking environment, you will encounter the word 'karar' in an astonishing variety of contexts, ranging from the most casual street interactions to the highest levels of formal discourse. Because decision-making is an inescapable part of human existence, the vocabulary surrounding it is universally applicable. One of the most frequent places you will hear this word is within the family home or among groups of friends trying to coordinate plans. Turkish social life is highly interactive and often communal, meaning that figuring out where to drink tea, which movie to watch, or where to go for a summer holiday requires discussion and, ultimately, a resolution.
Social Gatherings
Whenever a group needs to align on a plan, someone will inevitably ask if a conclusion has been reached, making this word central to social coordination.

Hafta sonu pikniğe gitmek için kesin bir karar verdik mi?

Moving away from the domestic sphere, the corporate world and professional environments are saturated with this terminology. In business meetings, project planning sessions, and performance reviews, reaching a consensus is the primary goal. You will hear managers and executives using formal variations of the word to establish authority and direct the workflow of their teams.
Business and Workplace
In professional settings, the focus shifts to strategic choices, board resolutions, and management directives, often utilizing the 'almak' auxiliary verb.

Yönetim kurulu, şirketin küçülmesine yönelik zor bir karar aldı.

Another major domain where this word dominates is the news media, specifically in political and legal reporting. Whether you are reading a Turkish newspaper, watching the evening news broadcast, or following Turkish political commentators online, you will constantly see headlines announcing new government policies or court verdicts. In these contexts, the word carries the weight of law and societal impact.
News and Politics
Journalists use this vocabulary to report on legislation, judicial outcomes, and international agreements, making it vital for understanding current events.

Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin son kararı kamuoyunda büyük yankı uyandırdı.

Furthermore, the realm of arts, literature, and television dramas (diziler) heavily features this word. Turkish soap operas are famous worldwide for their intense emotional conflicts, and characters are frequently forced to make agonizing life choices between love and family, duty and desire. The dramatic tension often revolves around a character struggling to make the right choice.

Artık bir karar vermen gerekiyor; ya o, ya ben!

Finally, you will hear it in commercial contexts, such as shopping or dining out. Salespeople might ask if you have made up your mind, or waiters might inquire if you are ready to order. The pervasiveness of this word across all these different spheres of life underscores why it is one of the most important nouns you can learn in the Turkish language.

Sipariş için kararınızı verdiniz mi efendim?

By recognizing these diverse contexts, you will be much better equipped to understand the nuances of Turkish communication and respond appropriately whether you are in a boardroom, a courtroom, or a living room.
When English speakers learn the Turkish word 'karar', they frequently fall into several predictable linguistic traps. These mistakes usually stem from direct translation—the tendency to map English grammatical structures and idioms directly onto Turkish vocabulary. Understanding and avoiding these common errors is crucial for achieving fluency and sounding natural to native speakers. The single most prevalent mistake is undoubtedly the incorrect pairing of the noun with an auxiliary verb. In English, the standard collocation is to 'make a decision'. Consequently, many learners instinctively translate this as 'karar yapmak', combining the noun with the Turkish verb 'yapmak' (to do/make). This is grammatically incorrect and immediately marks the speaker as a beginner.
The 'Yapmak' Trap
Never say 'karar yapmak'. In Turkish, you do not 'make' decisions; you either 'give' (vermek) them or 'take' (almak) them depending on the context.

Yanlış: Karar yaptım. Doğru: Karar verdim.

Another frequent area of confusion involves the grammatical case required when connecting the decision to the action being decided upon. In English, we say 'I decided TO go' or 'I made a decision ABOUT the house'. Learners often struggle to replicate this connection in Turkish. The rule is that the target of the decision must take the dative case (-e, -a, -ye, -ya). A common mistake is using the accusative case (-i, -ı) or the locative case (-de, -da) instead.
Incorrect Case Usage
Failing to use the dative case when specifying what you decided to do disrupts the logical flow of the sentence for a native listener.

Yanlış: Gitmek karar verdim. Doğru: Gitmey-e karar verdim.

Furthermore, learners often confuse 'karar' with related concepts like 'seçim' (choice/election) or 'tercih' (preference). While they are semantically related, they are not always interchangeable. For instance, if you are simply stating a preference for tea over coffee, using 'karar' might sound overly dramatic or formal. 'Tercih' would be much more appropriate. Using 'karar' implies a definitive resolution to a problem or a commitment to a course of action, rather than just a casual preference.
Overusing the Word
Reserving this word for actual resolutions rather than simple preferences helps maintain the natural rhythm and tone of your Turkish conversations.

Kahveyi çaya tercih ederim. (Not: Kahve içmeye karar verdim - unless it was a debated issue).

Lastly, a subtle but important mistake is ignoring the derived adjectives 'kararlı' (determined) and 'kararsız' (indecisive). Beginners often try to construct complex sentences to express these states (e.g., 'Ben karar veremiyorum' - I cannot make a decision) when simply saying 'Çok kararsızım' (I am very indecisive) is much more natural, concise, and idiomatic.

Bu konuda çok kararsız kaldım, sence ne yapmalıyım?

By being mindful of these common pitfalls—specifically avoiding 'yapmak', mastering the dative case connection, distinguishing it from mere preferences, and utilizing its adjective forms—you will dramatically improve the accuracy and authenticity of your Turkish expression.

Sonunda doğru kararı vereceğine eminim.

Consistent practice with these specific structures is the key to overcoming these beginner hurdles.
To achieve a high level of proficiency in Turkish, it is not enough to simply know the primary translation of a word; you must also understand its synonyms, related terms, and the subtle nuances that differentiate them. The semantic field surrounding the concept of 'decision' in Turkish is rich and varied, offering several alternatives that are used in slightly different contexts. The most common alternatives you will encounter are 'seçim', 'tercih', 'hüküm', and 'yargı'. While they all relate to making a choice or forming a conclusion, interchanging them incorrectly can alter the meaning or tone of your sentence significantly. Let us begin with 'seçim', which translates directly to 'choice' or 'election'.
Seçim vs. Karar
'Seçim' emphasizes the act of selecting one option from a set of available alternatives, whereas the main word emphasizes the final resolution or commitment to that choice.

Hayatımız, yaptığımız seçimlerin ve verdiğimiz kararların bir sonucudur.

Next, we have 'tercih', which translates to 'preference'. This word is used when you favor one thing over another, often based on personal taste or subjective criteria, rather than a definitive, binding resolution. It carries a lighter, less absolute connotation.
Tercih vs. Karar
You express a 'tercih' regarding your favorite color or type of music, but you make a definitive resolution about moving to a new city or quitting a job.

Benim tercihim çaydan yana, ama son karar senin.

Moving into more formal and legal territory, we encounter words like 'hüküm' and 'yargı'. 'Hüküm' is an Arabic-origin word that translates to 'judgment', 'verdict', or 'provision'. It is almost exclusively used in legal, religious, or highly authoritative contexts. A judge delivers a 'hüküm', which is a specific, legally binding type of decision.
Hüküm vs. Karar
While a court can issue both, 'hüküm' specifically refers to the final, enforceable judgment or sentence, carrying a heavier, more absolute weight.

Hakim, sanık hakkındaki kesin hükmünü ve kararını açıkladı.

Similarly, 'yargı' means 'judgment' but is often used in a broader philosophical or logical sense, as well as referring to the judicial system itself (the judiciary). You might talk about someone's 'yargı yeteneği' (ability to judge/discernment), which is the cognitive process that leads to a final resolution.

Önyargılarımız, mantıklı bir karar vermemizi engeller.

By understanding the distinct flavors of these related words, you can choose the exact term that fits your intended meaning. You will know to use 'seçim' when browsing a shop, 'tercih' when expressing a mild liking, 'hüküm' when discussing a legal drama, and our primary word when talking about the definitive commitments that shape our lives.

Tüm bu seçenekler arasında en doğru kararı bulmak sana kalmış.

This nuanced vocabulary will make your Turkish sound sophisticated, precise, and deeply expressive.
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レベル別の例文

1

Ben karar verdim.

I decided.

Basic subject + verb structure using the past tense 'verdim'.

2

Sen karar ver.

You decide.

Imperative form using the root verb 'ver'.

3

Henüz karar vermedim.

I haven't decided yet.

Negative past tense 'vermedim' combined with 'henüz' (yet).

4

Bu iyi bir karar.

This is a good decision.

Using 'karar' as a simple noun modified by an adjective.

5

O çok kararsız.

He/She is very indecisive.

Using the derived adjective 'kararsız' (indecisive).

6

Karar senin.

The decision is yours.

Possessive construction 'senin' (yours) linked to the noun.

7

Kötü bir karar verdik.

We made a bad decision.

First person plural past tense 'verdik'.

8

Karar vermek zor.

To decide is difficult.

Using the infinitive 'karar vermek' as the subject of the sentence.

1

Git-me-y-e karar verdim.

I decided to go.

Infinitive 'gitme' + buffer 'y' + dative 'e'.

2

Ne alacağına karar verdin mi?

Did you decide what to buy?

Question form with future participle 'alacağına'.

3

Evde kalmaya karar verdik.

We decided to stay at home.

Infinitive 'kalma' + buffer 'y' + dative 'a'.

4

Bu kararı kim verdi?

Who made this decision?

Using the accusative case 'kararı' as the direct object.

5

Kararımı değiştirdim.

I changed my decision.

Possessive 'kararım' + accusative 'ı' + verb 'değiştirmek'.

6

Hızlı bir karar vermemiz lazım.

We need to make a quick decision.

Possessive infinitive 'vermemiz' + 'lazım' (necessary).

7

Onun kararına saygı duyuyorum.

I respect his/her decision.

Possessive 'kararı' + buffer 'n' + dative 'a'.

8

Doğru kararı vermek istiyorum.

I want to make the right decision.

Accusative 'kararı' followed by infinitive 'vermek' + 'istiyorum'.

1

Şirket yönetimi yeni bir karar aldı.

The company management took a new decision.

Using 'almak' for institutional decisions instead of 'vermek'.

2

Uzun bir toplantıdan sonra karara vardık.

After a long meeting, we reached a decision.

Using the phrase 'karara varmak' (to reach a conclusion).

3

Bu karar hepimizi etkileyecek.

This decision will affect all of us.

Future tense 'etkileyecek' with 'karar' as the subject.

4

Karar vermeden önce tüm seçenekleri değerlendirmeliyiz.

We must evaluate all options before deciding.

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